At the beginning of this year, Beijing fog and haze caused people 's attention. Consecutive fog and haze that children, elderly, respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular disease susceptible population prevalence increases. China CDC deputy director Xu Qun environment reminding people, haze weather, air pollution tends to moderate or severe, pressure is low, susceptible populations are particularly vulnerable to health damage, how to protection has thus become the key.

        How to distinguish fog and haze

        As everyone knows, the fog is actually a kind of weather phenomenon, is the low level of moisture in the air content of more than 90%, close to the ground on the condensation and the formation of a white cloud, mostly after midnight, morning sunrise is the strongest, gradually disappeared after sunrise.

        While haze and mist, the water vapor content is less than 80%, is suspended in the atmosphere of motor vehicle exhaust, soot particles, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other particles, more in the direction from north to south, with the inversion layer ( low temperature stable layer ), calm and gentle breeze condition form, makes the sky become gray or orange, and pure mist," haze" is the air pollution and weather phenomenon.

        Xu Qun said, the city of our country air pollution is relatively serious, when air pollution is serious and have low pressure, low wind it is easy to form fog, if coupled with a particle pollution, especially the fine particles are easy to form haze, fog and haze air pollution is more serious than usual.

        The haze days what harm to have to human body

        Due to the air pollutant effects on the target organ is the respiratory system, people will feel the nasal, throat discomfort, runny nose, cough, chest tightness, appearance of respiratory symptoms such as. Haze is the main component of fine particulate matter, can pass through the respiratory tract into the alveoli, through the blood exchange into the systemic circulation, thus affecting the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. Xu Qun said, from 120 emergency center data can be seen, haze weather significantly increased frequency of visits. December 6, 2010 is the number of consecutive days of fog and haze in the epilogue, the reception of patients more than the same period last year, more than 74 cases. Other hospitals also shows statistics, cardiovascular disease and respiratory system disease visits increased.

        Cause respiratory diseases and some haze with a pungent odor, the respiratory tract is a kind of malignant stimulation, can make the person appears a runny nose, sneezing, coughing, choking, shortness of breath and other symptoms. Frail women, children and the elderly, susceptible to respiratory tract infection; chronic bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly, often also can cause acute attacks. As a result of haze containing particles carrying heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic substances, thus also triggered the arch-criminal of lung cancer.

        Cardiovascular disease induced by haze weather pressure low, dirty air, oxygen content decreases, and some acid, amine, benzene and other toxic particles and microorganisms in the air, coupled with the dry and cold climate caused by the cold stimulation, easily lead to vascular spasm, fluctuations in blood pressure, heart heavier load, difficulty in breathing, headache and other symptoms, to have cardiovascular disease is one disaster after another, easy-induced hypertensive crisis, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke and other complications and the entire life.

        Diabetic patients are prone to respiratory system infection in diabetic patients with moderate outdoor exercise on glucose control is good, but the haze air pollution is serious, poor air quality, excessive inhalation of dust haze will make poor resistance in patients with diabetes and pulmonary infection and exacerbations of trachea.

        Haze weather how health care

        In order to prevent haze hurt, Xu group recommendations, susceptible population should minimize or avoid outdoor activities, really need to go out wearing the masks.

        Recommendations for the use of medical N95 masks common mask can block only compared to the larger particles, and medical N95 type mask can prevent oily fine particles, for the detection of 0.3 micron fine particles can reach 95% blocking effect.

        Stay at home more secure under the housing sealing effect, the indoor particle pollution mainly comes from the outside. Patients with respiratory system diseases shall from time to time window, but encountered the haze weather to close the doors and windows. Close the windows and doors, indoor pollutants under different confined degree than outdoor low 30% ~ 60%. If conditional word, still can take some measures to clean, such as air purifier for particle has good purification effect.

        To avoid fog day morning many people have the habit of doing morning exercises, and perennial adhere to, but haze weather must cease outdoor exercise. This is because people exercise, the body needs oxygen quantity increases, along with the deeper breathing, the harmful material can be inhaled into the respiratory tract, thereby endangering health. In the morning when the sun came out, or change the indoor exercise.

        Geriatric patients to adhere to medication in patients with respiratory disease and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in foggy days, especially to take medicine on time, so as to avoid the onset of. And to strengthen the self supervision, attention to the physical feelings and reactions, if any discomfort, timely medical treatment.

        In addition, Xu Qun is disclosed, the haze weather effects on human health, CDC has and meteorology, environmental protection and other departments such as cooperation, launched the haze weather on the health effects of monitoring and early warning system. When it is discovered that the pollutant concentration changes, can remind relevant susceptible to take protective measures, to reduce the burden of disease.

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        PM2.5 interpretation

        PM2.5 refers to the atmosphere diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micron particles, also known as enters the lung particulate matter. The main source of PM2.5, is the daily power, industrial production, vehicle exhaust emissions in the process of combustion and emissions through residues containing heavy metals and other toxic substances, most.

        And coarse particles in the atmosphere compared to PM2.5, small particle size, its diameter is less than the thickness of a human hair of 1 / 20, which is rich in toxic, harmful substances and stay in the atmosphere for a long time, far transmission distance, and on human health and the quality of atmospheric environment is affected to a greater. The physiological structure of the human body decided on the PM2.5 without any filtering, blocking ability, is sucked into the human will be directly into the bronchus, disturbance of pulmonary gas exchange, including asthma, bronchitis causes and cardiovascular disease and other aspects of the disease.

        In the EU, PM2.5 leads people to decrease the average lifetime of 8.6 months. While PM2.5 can also become the carrier of viral and bacterial respiratory infectious disease transmission, adding fuel to the flames. At present the world main developed country and Japan, Thailand, India and so on are added PM2.5 air quality standard.

        PM2.5 also caused our attention. 2011 December," ambient air quality standards" ( two draft) to solicit public views as of 2016, the new standards to be implemented. At present, Beijing, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong has pioneered the haze and PM2.5 monitoring network construction, to control PM2.5 pollution to provide data support.