How does chronic nephropathy patient complement protein

2017-09-25 00:33:02 | source: health news | sharing

Chen wei, enteral nutrition department of Peking union hospital

      Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has gradually become the primary issue of public health in China, and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China is 10.8%, according to the China kidney disease epidemiology survey.

      In recent decades, nutrition therapy (low protein, low phosphorus diet, etc.) has been found to delay the disease of CKD and become one of the main methods to treat chronic kidney disease. A reasonable reduction in the intake of some substances can reduce the metabolic waste and reduce the pressure on the kidneys. The excess state of the residual kidney is alleviated, and the damage rate is naturally slow.

      In practice, however, they face very complicated choices, such as whether tofu can be eaten or whether fish is hair or not. Doctors and nutritionists have different opinions. To this end, the national kidney disease and nutrition experts after two years of efforts, the reference of the kidney foundation K/DOQI Suggestions, combined with China's national conditions and the specific situation of the clinical, the scientific nature and operability of dietary standard, such as standard unified the intake of energy, protein and other nutrients in reference, points out how to compute science dosage of meals a day for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), etc., made the Chinese "chronic kidney disease (CKD) dietary guidance" the national standard.

      Patients with chronic kidney disease should master two basic points in their diet: one is to keep a low protein diet for a long time, and the second is to learn to exchange and choose food flexibly.

      Low protein diets should be less and more refined

      Protein in the human body constantly in the process of the synthesis, the metabolism of decomposition, after people eat the meat or tofu, the protein digestion in the stomach and intestines first (is broken down into 20 kinds of amino acids), amino acid and intestinal absorption into the blood.

      One of the key issues in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is the ideal intake of protein. Somebody thinks, daily protein intake must be less than 0.38 g per kilogram of body weight, is recommended in the "standard" 0.6 g per kilogram of body weight 0.6 g, and should use more high quality protein foods containing essential amino acids, such as milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, chicken, etc.

      While many people think that "tofu and kidney", many doctors and patients "avoid" tofu, it is easy to ignore that soy protein is also a kind of high quality protein. In fact, purely from a protein point of view, there is no need to overlimit it, and it's ok to eat it as a meat.

      Patients with uremia should limit the "poor quality" protein found in grains. Currently, it is recommended to use wheat starch as a staple to replace wheat flour and rice. Wheat starch was removed from the protein extraction in wheat flour. The protein content in wheat flour was reduced from 9.9% to 0.6% after extraction. Using wheat starch as the main source of daily energy supply, it can reduce the consumption of essential amino acids in the diet.

      You can adjust your diet according to your condition

Kidney patients nutrition status is affecting the quality of life, the incidence of complications and survival rate one of the important factors, but due to various reasons, kidney patients malnutrition rate is still high (30% ~ 60%). Patients should pay attention to the following points:

1. Timely check and assess nutritional status, and take effective measures to improve the quality of life and long-term survival, such as maintaining weight and grip strength, maintaining laboratory indicators, etc.

2. Try to supply high-quality protein within the limit of protein intake, thus ensuring the protein metabolism of human body and reducing the breakdown of tissue protein. When symptoms disappear, blood urea nitrogen back to normal in stable condition after a period of time, can gradually small appropriately increase the intake of protein in the diet, day supply of high quality protein evenly distributed within the three meals, in order to better play a role of complementary proteins.

3. Adequate energy must be guaranteed daily, and the main source of energy for monounsaturated fatty acids, which can be mainly composed of carbohydrate and vegetable oils, is mainly composed of complex carbohydrates.

4. Accurate electrolyte intake, away from hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphatemia. The supply of salt in the diet should be flexibly controlled according to the patient's edema condition and condition to maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance. If the patient combines hyperkalaemia, should be careful to eat fruit and vegetable in the diet, can use a lot of water boiled bubble to reduce potassium content in cooking.

Learn to exchange and choose food

      In exchange and selection of food, please refer to the following points:

      Limit total protein intake. Can adopt wheat starch (or other) as a staple food instead of rice, flour, limit in protein intake choose milk, eggs and fish meat contains high quality protein food as the main source of protein. It can be used to replace some staple food, including potato, sweet potato, lotus root, water chestnut, yam, taro, pumpkin, etc.

      2. The limits of food in addition to rationing of animal protein food, other food containing high animal and plant proteins are in the range of control, such as soy products, nuts and grains, etc.

      3. According to the needs of the disease, except for patients with high potassium content (fruit, potato, potato starch, vegetables), the rest of the patients can choose fruits and vegetables at will.

      4. When patients eat less, they can increase starch and plant oils in their diet to achieve high caloric intake.

      In addition, it is recommended that the patient should eat the food that is popular and correct, and stick to proper exercise, stay away from tobacco and alcohol, and maintain a positive and healthy life. These are very positive for the control and treatment of the disease.