Sulfa drugs should avoid to use

Sulfa drugs is the earliest synthetic antibiotic, at present although in clinical has been many new antibiotic drugs have replaced, but because sulfa medications for some infectious disease (such as a head, the plague) has good effect, and easy to use, the nature is stable, price is low wait for an advantage, so in the fight infection in drug still accounts for certain status. But in taking sulfa drugs must pay attention to the following:

1. The master indications

The main indications of sulfonamides medicine is a head, bacterium dysentery, enteritis, plague and hemolytic streptococcus, pncumonia coccus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, deformation of various infections caused by bacteria, can prevent the epidemic encephalitis and rheumatic fever. But for viral disease, such as angina, sore throat and upper respiratory tract infection, etc is invalid. To unexplained fever also can't take medicine, sulfa-drugs to avoid any delay diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, sulfa-drugs drug use after a period of time, it will have a drug resistance, once produce, all the resistance of sulfonamides medicine will, at this moment to rapid change failure using other antibacterial drugs.

2. Dosage should pay attention to

Use double agents should be first sulfonamides drugs, in order to achieve the purpose of bacteriostasis quickly, then use to maintain the normal amount of (namely), to be symptoms disappeared, finally give 2 ~ 3 times minimum. To keep a long period of efficacy, prevent bacteria rebound. During this period shall not any increase in drug dosage, increase the number, in case the drug treatment or extend the accumulation poisoning.

3. To reasonable collocation

And with sodium bicarbonate take: sulfa drugs metabolic products in partial acid acetyl sulfa-drugs solubility in the urine of low precipitation, and easy crystallization in alkaline environment, therefore, but increase solubility in long time or big dose sulfa drugs, patients in addition to drink more water outside, still can add the same amount of sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate), used to alkalize urine with service, improve the solubility of sulfonamides acetyl in the urine, increase the excretion, reduce acetyl sulfa-drugs crystallization urine formation.

Don't and acidic drugs with clothing: some acidic drugs such as hydrochloric acid chlorpromazine, hydrochloric acid aureomycin, vitamin C, ammonium chloride, pepsin mixture, vomit, not with root mixture sulfa drugs, because the drugs can share the acidification urine, make sulfa drugs metabolic products in the urine of acetyl sulfa-drugs solubility reduce separate crystallization, urine and kidney damage produced crystallization. Sulfa-drugs medicine especially compound efficiency sulfa-drugs agents, can not be used with DuoZhong drugs such as penicillin, minocycline kind, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, chlorpromazine, vitamin C, vitamin B1, compound sodium chloride solution, etc, must be compatibility used alone.

4. Alert side effects

Sulfa medications, easy cause granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia, during the course of medication regularly check should be adopted to change around; Liver damage, can cause jaundice, liver function decline, serious can happen hepatic necrosis, during the course of medication regularly liver function to determine, liver disease, should avoid to use the drugs; Renal damage during this period, should be monitoring the renal function, renal impairment, water loss, shock and elderly patients use this kind of drug appears to increase or kidney damage, should avoid to use; Due to the drug can make a few patients sulfonamides appear dizziness, headache, fatigue, depression and insomnia, therefore, in psychiatric symptoms during this period, and shall not engage in aerial work and driving; Allergic reactions can be seen, and performance for the serious exudative of erythema, toxic skin necrosis drug, such as loose solution type so allergic constitution and to other medicines have allergy history of the patients should try to avoid this kind of drug use.

5. Details are not ignored

Some sulfa-drugs medicine, in urine solubility is very small, the solubility, to increase to simultaneously use of baking soda, make the alkaline urine; Next, ask client to drink more water, increasing urine output to reduce drug concentration in the urine. If not to drink plenty of water, and the urine quantity is little, drug in urine, easy to high concentrations in renal tubular, renal pelvis, ureteral bladder and place precipitation crystallization, of the kidney sulfonamides make mechanical stimulation, cause waist pain, hematuria, even in urine closed, etc. So, the patient must be more water, urine output every day shall be not less than 1.5 liters.

Taken on an empty stomach often happens nausea, vomiting, anorexia and stomachache reaction, the after meal or with rice water swallow can relieve the stimulation.

Drugs can restrain sulfonamides B vitamins in intestinal of synthesis, so, use drug a week or more, should sulfonamides to give at the same time vitamin B to prevent its lack of.

A drug allergy, sulfa-drugs giant young cell anemia patients should be banned. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid to use. Less than two months of baby belongs to the absolute disable range. Older patients should avoid to use, if indeed indications, is to weigh the pros and cons after application.