Liu shaoqi about the development of Chinese medicine's thoughts and practice

"The party's documents"

        S party haixing

        [abstract] liu shaoqi pay attention to the development of TCM course. In order to promote the cause of traditional Chinese medicine new China full prosperity, highly the history of traditional Chinese medicine his position and real value, put forward to learn from each other, traditional Chinese and western medicine to institute of traditional Chinese medicine doctors and promote talents training, scientific development destruction of traditional Chinese medicine and TCM, concrete measures to strengthen the education to guide the healthy development of the cause of Chinese medicine, and many times for the traditional due status and popularize make instructions. Liu shaoqi, the development of Chinese medicine of thought and practice, for new China for the prosperity and progress of health has made an important contribution.

        [key words] liu shaoqi; Traditional Chinese medicine; Combine traditional Chinese and western medicine

        Traditional Chinese medicine is the Chinese excellent cultural treasures. Liu shaoqi attach great importance to the development of Chinese medicine career, he not only many times in the history of Chinese medicine scientific paper with real value, also on how to carry forward the Chinese medicine to inherit the career of continuous specific guidance.

        A history of traditional Chinese medicine, highly position and real value

        As early as in youth, the liu shaoqi from farming to the knowledge of TCM quite have the understanding. 1961 inspection heilongjiang yichun forest region, liu shaoqi, still can from the dense forests in long grass identify many Chinese traditional medicine. He said the entourage, these herbal medicine is his "when I was a child in his hometown in hunan, you know, dozens of years now... won't forget". (LiuZhenDe: "my secretary for liu shaoqi when", the central literature press, 2003), pp. 211- In June 1927, liu shaoqi in hankou heatstroke, TCM doctor cousin to hold true to the cure guizhi decoction, it may be said of the strange BingShi "a post that is the". (see "since the establishment of the manuscripts liu shaoqi 3 of volume, the central literature press, 2005), pp. 508- This shows, the magic of the motherland medicine must give him effect left an enduring impression.

        After new China was founded, the party and the government receives the yanan period health policy, attach great importance to the development of Chinese medicine career. Liu shaoqi for several times in the history of Chinese medicine highly evaluation and real value. In June 1951, he in giving into bing really believe pointed out: "Chinese medicine is China for thousands of years a great inventions, solve the many diseases in people's pain, is our country a precious heritage", "so the government's current policy of traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine is unity of common to serve for the people, and try to improve Chinese medicine,...... so they can solve the problem of more people's disease". (" since the establishment of the manuscripts liu shaoqi 3 of a, 507, 506-page book.) According to one time there after the founding of the discrimination, exclusion of traditional Chinese medicine wrong tendency, in July 1954, liu shaoqi special called Peking and the regional medical health workers represent discussion work of traditional Chinese medicine. At the meeting he harshly criticized the medical discrimination and exclusion erroneous practice of traditional Chinese medicine, and points out that the "look down on traditional Chinese medicine, is a slave of the bourgeoisie-sycophancy and servile flattery of thought; discrimination, exclusion TCM is a kind of extreme mean bad asset class psychology of, this kind of situation, greatly hinder our country medicine research and develop the heritage". (see "CuiYiTian memorial in collection, people's medical publishing house, 1996), pp. 281- Liu shaoqi himself more frequent use of Chinese medicine therapy cure, once have been using the method of TCM acupuncture treatment periarthritis of shoulder. (LiuAiQin daughter liu shaoqi, see the memories of the LiaoHuaiLing, LiXue: "three celebrities hard after Chinese medicine", "the Chinese traditional Chinese medicine news" on December 28, 2006.) Around 1955, liu shaoqi, because suffer from itchy skin disease please Beijing Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of this was ink, afterwards he had medical staff was praised by the ink is "gain some old people's need that kind of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine, to respect him, to reuse he" (see GuChengMin: "the memory in the day of the work of comrade liu shaoqi side of the humanities essence", 1998, p.22.) , and said "you learn Chinese medicine, western medicine will not know the motherland medicine is a big flaw" (former deputy minister of health HuangShuZe memories, quote from the side day in liu shaoqi ", the central literature press, 2010), pp. 249- .

        1956 years later, the traditional Chinese medicine in China in the cause of the correct some errors into health after period of development. In order to promote the cause of traditional Chinese medicine full prosperity, liu shaoqi and for the traditional many times due status and popularize make instructions. This period, almost a see health BuDangZu members, liu shaoqi always asked work of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine talked about jobs that require health ministry "to be active and unity, traditional Chinese medicine, giving them their welcome their proper position" (former deputy minister of health CuiYiTian memories, "remember liu shaoqi", the central literature press, 1988), pp. 294- , "for traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to equally" (SunLongChun Ed. "the thought of MAO zedong's pp.105" census. People's medical publishing, 1988), pp. 491- . In a conversation, liu shaoqi also highly of the traditional Chinese medicine on the history of the significant contribution. He said: "Chinese medicine in China for thousands of years, only a few hundred years western medicine, if not Chinese, China how millions continue down." (see "health" on June 15, 1980.) In February 1957, liu shaoqi was listening to a report on the work of the ministry of health of the once again stressed "can't despise, discrimination Chinese, to respect the traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine to help countries to". (the liu shaoqi studies ", the central literature essats press, 1996), pp. 385- In November 1959, liu shaoqi out in hainan for scapulohumeral periarthritis, spoke again our country's medical reform and combine traditional Chinese and western medicine. He said: "Chinese medical food, three with speak partition, seven FenYang, is reasonable; speak to fight with the wind, the wind, cure to hot hot, is the relationship between the pattern identification and treatment, traditional Chinese medicine is our traditional... medical, is the treasure of our national culture, for thousands of years of history, and they make many learned finest. No was introduced into China, western medicine before we Chinese are not all by traditional Chinese medicine cure. In the future, our traditional Chinese medicine also in the western extension to open, and then they can call west combined with traditional Chinese medicine, as we now call of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine." (see LiuZhenDe: "my secretary for liu shaoqi when", pp. 127- This evaluation showed that not only the Chinese medicine as liu shaoqi, the treasure of our national culture, and fully realized the motherland medicine in the world medical system due status of science, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) will have to bright prospect of the world.

        Second, specific to guide Chinese medicine the healthy development of the business

        Based on the motherland medicine scientific understanding and after the founding of the people's health needs, liu shaoqi attach great importance to the development of Chinese medicine career, not only from the macro puts forward some basic measures, but also in the practice to the continuing guidance.

        First, western and Chinese medicine that learn from each other.

        Liu shaoqi has always maintained that traditional Chinese and western medicine to learn from each other, he says, "is the only way to mobilize all positive factors, for large Numbers of people up health service; also only in this way can we benefit to the motherland medicine and modern medicine in the process of development, mutual penetration mutual combination and complement each other, innovation, development in China has the characteristics of the new medicine, make a big contribution to human". (SunLongChun Ed. "the thought of MAO zedong's pp.105" census, pp. 568-

        Learning about TCM medicine, liu shaoqi in June 1951 to grasp the letter is really once pointed out: Chinese medicine have some way of the original is not good, especially the Yin and Yang and gold, wood, water, fire, earth shows some theory, the majority is groundless, and the theory of western medicine is most is science, so he believed "gradually learn some Chinese modern medical knowledge,... in western medicine to transform and improve Chinese medicine", also believe that "no western medicine help, traditional Chinese medicine cannot reform and improve the motherland, this part of the heritage also cannot carry forward, do long". (the manuscripts liu shaoqi since the founding of book 3, pp. 507-506) In November 1959, liu shaoqi in XuPeiMin etc when talking with people also said the "traditional Chinese medicine combined with modern science to, to develop". (LiuZhenDe: "my secretary for liu shaoqi when", pp. 127-126) In January 1964, liu shaoqi in Albania health delegation to introduce Chinese medicine again as described his traditional Chinese medicine should learn about western medicine view. He said: "China originally have their own medicine, there have been more than two thousand years. Chinese medicine has its characteristics. Of course, traditional medicine if no and modern combined with science, further development, is rather difficult." (the honor liu shaoqi ", pp. 295-294)

        At the same time, liu shaoqi also claims to study traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. In the foregoing into bing really believe he once pointed out: traditional Chinese medicine "has many thing now is worth to study western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine also have a lot... in the western medicine has set up a file in the future, will also to want to add some of the". (the manuscripts liu shaoqi since the founding of book 3, pp. 507- In June 1954, liu shaoqi was clear issued to study traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine organizations to carry out the work, with "train and a group of western medicine and understand Chinese medicine can understand the senior personnel, form a willing to take integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in medical treatment, teaching, scientific research work of the professional team". (SunLongChun Ed. "the thought of MAO zedong's pp.105" census, pp. 567- In March 1956, liu shaoqi was listening to a report on health work and regrets ground say: "don't understand each other traditional Chinese and western medicine, blind against like oneself person dozen oneself person. Now don't criticize each other. Will vigorously develop the movement of traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine in the three thousand young people should organize in-service study traditional Chinese medicine doctors." (the chronological liu shaoqi "second volume, pp. 362- Previously, he also how to carry out study traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to put forward some concrete opinions: claims to "learn to western medicine study TCM well, people who have contributed, improve shall be awarded ZhiBie" (SunLongChun Ed. "the thought of MAO zedong's pp.105" census, pp. 567- , "the western medicine has experience in the old professor of traditional Chinese medicine research, to come to the sorting and improve work" (" the chronological liu shaoqi "second volume, pp. 385- . He also put forward after this long period guidance "in western" work of twelve word policy-" system study, the comprehensive accept, finishing improve ".

        The leadership comrade liu shaoqi about traditional Chinese and western medicine for the call of learning from each other, and get the enthusiastic response from the medical profession in China. From 1950, the health ministry is in the national scope for further work deployment of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is more study all learn precautionary medicine, basic medical, clinical medicine, western medicine curriculum. In November 1953, the Chinese medical association shall invite the XiaoLongYou, KongBoHua, applied this ink and old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, acupuncture and more than 40 of expert established academic committee of Chinese and western medicine. In December of 1955, the newly established academy of traditional Chinese medicine began to study traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine held seminar, the first recruited western medicine and young university graduates to western medicine 76 students. Then the health ministry and in Shanghai, guangzhou, chengdu and other and held six western medicine left to study TCM class, the idea has 303 XiYiShi or western medicine college graduates to study. In November 1958, the central committee of the communist party held all over western general instructions to leave class to study TCM puts a rapidly achieved against "in western" boom. According to 1959 statistics, leaving the western medicine study traditional Chinese medicine has 30 a class project, students more than 2100 people, by any other means to study traditional Chinese medicine and the more. (see HuangHuang: the situation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in a historical review, the nanjing institute of traditional Chinese medicine journal, vol. 1989) In 1960, China leave study traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine class has 37, more than 2300 students, western medicine on-the-job learning Chinese medicine who were up to 36000 people. (see ZhuChao, zhang wei abundant: the new China medical education ", Beijing medical university, China xie-he medical university joint press, 1990), 9 page.) Traditional Chinese and western medicine to learn from each other work to continue the carry out, not only made a large number of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the backbone of talents, also radically reversed the western medicine in nearly years of TCM prejudice, and greatly improve the social status of the traditional Chinese medicine, so as to effectively promote the prosperity and development of Chinese medicine.

        Second, to guide Chinese medicine professional personnel training.

        After the founding of, because of the economic social change and other reasons, Chinese medicine practitioners once appeared three situation. Liu shaoqi attach great importance to the development of supportive talents of traditional Chinese medicine. After the founding of he has directed "medical colleges at all levels to add Chinese medicine curriculum" (see "health" on May 18, 1980.) . In early 1956, central committee of communist party of China decided to start training institute of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine talent, that year 8, between September, chengdu, Shanghai, Beijing, guangzhou four institute of traditional Chinese medicine and established, then you have some provinces have established the institute of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the traditional Chinese medicine college startup period around the practical difficulties in February 1957, liu shaoqi instructions health ministry "to get the institute of traditional Chinese medicine, first to solve the teaching material". (see ZhuChao, zhang wei abundant: the new China medical education ", pp. 355- According to the instructions of the liu shaoqi, the institute of traditional Chinese medicine developed seriously internal adjustment work, preliminary formulated the standard teaching system and teaching plan, written in the publication of China medical notes ", "TCM diagnostics notes", "the Chinese medicine notes" and so on the trial materials. Since then, many times the health ministry to instructions and liu shaoqi summing up the experience, do good institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine hospital, the Chinese medicine research institutions and medical colleges of TCM research laboratory.

        For thousands of years, Chinese medicine theory knowledge and YiAn experience mainly through the Chinese way of inheritance from destruction pharmacists. Liu shaoqi repeatedly pointed out that we should respect and advocate destruction of traditional Chinese medicine, a special talent cultivation mode. According to his instructions, early in 1956, the national health work conference would allow Chinese medicine pharmacists taking the traditional way DaiTu talents, encourage Chinese medicine with their children more than pharmacists for ACTS. In April 1956, health ministry issued the 1956 to 1962 national Chinese medicine of train an apprentice planning ", the plan to train an apprentice in seven years of training new way of traditional Chinese medicine 480000. In 1957-1958, liu shaoqi for the department of health in the orders that the two times in the destruction of traditional Chinese medicine talent cultivation mode. He said: "anyone who have skill, traditional Chinese medicine to want to let them train an apprentice. You want to make a way of traditional Chinese medicine train an apprentice, mentoring, teacher, what person can train an apprentice returns, train an apprentice to what conditions and so on, are to be detailed rules" (" remember liu shaoqi ", pp. 294- ; "In traditional Chinese medicine started medical school class ', 'the results of the experiment proved to be bad, then don't do. Except traditional Chinese medicine after by the train an apprentice, but by training schools of traditional Chinese medicine of traditional Chinese medicine." (the chronological liu shaoqi "second volume, pp. 435- Traditional Chinese medicine DaiTu the work up is developing very fast. According to statistics, by the end of 1958, the country had been more than 52000 TCM apprentice with the teacher study. (see LiDeQuan: "10 years of health work", "the intermediate they" no. 11 in 1959.) In 1960, China has more than 80000 TCM apprentice, two years ago, more than 14500 people to leave. (see ZhuChao, zhang wei abundant: the new China medical education ", 44 page.) In order to save the old Chinese medicine academic experience and treatment experiences in February 1958, health ministry instructions health administrative departments at all levels for their respective regions immediately began the old doctor of traditional Chinese medicine arrangement for traditional Chinese and western medicine young disciple. At the end of that year, is also widely all over in the name of the traditional Chinese medicine for old "visit a movement and field trips sport". (see LiDeQuan: "10 years of health work", "the intermediate they" no. 11 in 1959.)

        Third, strengthen the scientific research and development of Chinese traditional medicine advocate and TCM education.

        Traditional Chinese medicine is the main drugs doctors to treat disease, TCM is also the motherland medicine the integral part. Liu shaoqi attaches great importance to the traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine research and development of scientific knowledge explore collation. In 1951 he hold true to the into that, to the traditional Chinese medicine to "western medicine" and thus modern medical research transformation. In 1957-1958, liu shaoqi two instructions health: "you want to please the old clerk ZhongYaoPu when your advisor, Chinese traditional medicine questions to system to study it again" (PanRuiZhen make up the modern Chinese big timeline (1919-1989) ", "the shandong institute of traditional Chinese medicine journal, 1992 (1). ; To "organization western medicine study and research of traditional Chinese medicine" (" the chronological liu shaoqi "second volume, pp. 435- . According to the instructions of the liu shaoqi, 1958 widely held the "learn western medicine of traditional Chinese medicine class", "Chinese medicine seminar", pharmacy department also common set up the course of Chinese medicine. Liu shaoqi also meticulous ground considered at that time most of traditional Chinese medicine is to practice the farmers and whether the drug prices more than the problem of purchasing power. He and a famous traditional Chinese medicine in the talking points out: "if Chinese medicine is always open your medicine, patients can't afford it, and that is their own development that way." (see yellow is: "remember LiuHuiMin old doctor", the People's Daily December 27, 1982.)

        In short, liu shaoqi proposed a series of the development of Chinese medicine thoughts and the development of traditional Chinese medicine guidance, and promote the prosperity and progress of the cause of the traditional Chinese medicine, health for the vigorous development of new China has made an important contribution.

        (the author for shanxi normal university lecturer, xi 'an 710062]