China's traditional Chinese medicine ShiHua hall

Published: hides collecting stamps

Traditional Chinese medicine as the Chinese civilization is one of the three big quintessence, for thousands of years in China's civilization shine a brilliant light. Countries will post office in November this year issued a set of the traditional Chinese medicine to church of stamps, through five a hall of traditional Chinese medicine image, to people of the world in the charm of traditional Chinese medicine show.

A. The generation of Chinese medicine

In our country folk legend has the story of the divine farming tasting grass, ancient s, the emperor shen nung in order to save the people suffering the pain, to lead the disciple went through all the earth kyushu, taste all grass, sacrifice their life, find countless can heal people disease of herbs, make people to say goodbye to pain, to health.

In fact, traditional Chinese medicine is the ancient working people in the acquisition of food gradually discovered, and constantly sum up experience, accumulating and developed. The western zhou dynasty of the formation of the early "the book of ancient people's life portrayed labor of amorous feelings of poetry, it was found that on the" book of songs "related to the food and drug homologous plants have one hundred kinds, such as ge, wormwood, fern, Feng, qi, everywhere. In the ancient sea classics and qu yuan in "li SAO" and has a large involving cure drug. At first, most people will be used directly plants and animals is fresh, after many years of practice, people found born with drugs has many problems. According to written records, is in XiaYu era (BC 2000 years), the ancestors began to brew, and use of wine and various drugs treat made wine. In the shang dynasty, xiangguo YiYin guiding people treat native with Chinese traditional medicine. So, the culture of TCM and the Chinese nation has gradually formed in the progress.

2. The development of traditional Chinese medicine

The spring and autumn and the warring states period, medical, wu coexist, people at that time for illness or a suspected drug, such as Confucius suspect that drug use cure are effective. Contemporary famous doctor in his classic que "difficult to the" in the, in the human anatomy knowledge, to clarify MaiLi and pathology, and make the effect of required from superstition, heal with science. Heal que, except pulse-taking outside, also maintains a drug treatment, and the claims timely drug use. At the same time, the medical science to get a development, the warring states period in the medical home of the yellow emperor is our country's earliest existing medical classics system, its academic thought and theory of traditional Chinese medicine principle all disciplines later (including TCM) formation and development all play an important guiding role.

In the han dynasty, please with herbs heal disease (in society and has formed general. The eastern han dynasty cold-induced febride is the world's first a herbal works, it summarizes the western han dynasty in China before the results of medicine treating physicians, but also promoted the development of traditional Chinese medicine in China after the eastern han dynasty. Since it came later, in herbal works are based on cold-induced febride posted by the drug is based on. At this time, made a medicine saint ZhangZhongJing (150 ~ 219), he is the county of the eastern han dynasty, was eager to learn, reading, especially good medicine. Had the official, see folk epidemic disease, indeed, so quit offices, and concentrate in pharmaceutical research work. He often remember saying, steal all the winds, and innovation and development, in practice, he is applied, syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation, combining is "pattern identification and treatment" model. He is not only a; and a good pharmacy home. He have the Chinese classic "typhoid miscellaneous diseases of 16, no, summarizes the ancient Chinese people and the experience of the struggle against disease, the past messy medicine knowledge organized into specialized medical classics, ancient medical completely from the witch doctor cure their drug and cure disease. The book of records in the old and new dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine and all kinds of drug prescription, taste and processing method of char deployed gun, well summarize and creatively applied the people at that time in the great achievements on medicine, these great contribution to Chinese medicine scientific to take a giant step forward.

The liang dynasty TaoHongJing (456 ~ 536) proposed to cure need to determine the dosage forms and the theory of administration way, and pointed out that "a disease has to be used for the pill, to be used for those to be used for, scattered the soup, appropriate service, to be used for frying's anointed, who also serve in the disease and and the source of its system that ear", also points out that the drug producing area and collecting methods of outcomes may also be affected, the books and provides soup, pills, cream, the scattering, the production of one of the conventional, modern drug preparation process is actually the prototype of the rules.

TangChaoXian kei igawa the four years, presided over by the revised government promulgated the "new fix of material medica, this is our country and the first in the world by the national organization issued a pharmacopoeia. The new practice of material medica of 850 species of flora and drugs, for every taste of medicine sexual flavour, origin, collecting, functions and indications are analyzed in detail. To make it easier for users to correctly identify, except in words the story of compendium "outside, still initiative of drawing" the medicine drawing ", and "the figure the" text to illustrate. Sun simiao (581 ~ 682) is YaoXian shaanxi, he not only bo given.it books, and to be in. Life in the taibai mountain in solitude on, often take medicine and enoki neighbour people for practicing medicine. Sui emperor taizong, all he has to please rank, he all 11 to refuse. He stressed that the doctor to have "medical ethics", the patient to a doctor, whenever anyone, never refuse, the later address him as "YaoWang". He was the daughter YaoFang "and" the thousand JinYiFang "is set before tang prescriptions of the complete collection of the well-known medical records, in the book about symptoms, prescription records, medication, preparation, medication, such as a large experience in pharmacology, colorful contents, today, a lot of content still has certain practical value.

Compendium of materia medica LiShiZhen is from 1552 in 27 years time waster written compendium of pharmacy book, the pharmacy posted 1892 species of great drugs, nearly 40 dosage forms, and detailed scientific classification, shows that not only summarized the past medical knowledge, set in one thousand Chinese materia medica experience, for the medicine for the books, but also promoted the development of the BenCaoXue later, for the development of world culture made great contribution. Guo moruo praise way: "benefit, make many people live longer being alive; wai zai teacher, with the national life eternal life".

3. "huimin dose and bureau" the building

The song dynasty, due to the development of the production and the prosperity of economy, give the people bring good rest. From the northern song dynasty to the southern song dynasty, the dynasty for the medical cause much better value, not only by the court published many medical work, but also established a special medicine and specialized production management agencies "huimin and agent bureau", and has drawn up preparations standard "huimin and agent pharmacopoeia. "And agent bureau" for the song dynasty official medicine innings in the world is the earliest established official medicine management institutions. "Huimin and agent JuFang" is our country the first preparation standards, at that time to the development of the cause of the pharmacy and later had the profound influence.

Since the song dynasty emperor began to pay attention to the collection of prescription and research. 3 years in peace and rejuvenate the ordered all over the country to court the prescription offered, and then to another according to the medical YiSheng han behalf theory and experience the collective arrangement, compilation. In 992, make up for the peaceful holy benevolence formulae of the volumes, 1670 door and rich content. After he concentrated adapted for "peace huimin and agent JuFang", fewer but better than before, and it is advantageous to folk promotion. Many of the prescriptions such as "four things soup" and "sijunzi decoction" and "purple snow Dan", "his treasure Dan curative effect is distinct, use so far, after two also appeared in the modern" tongren temple "of the list of drugs.

The song dynasty in the medicinal materials processing and drug dosage forms processing, has set up a file in the inheriting predecessors' experience, and on the basis of preliminary more perfect and finalize the design. In the song dynasty in our country the first gun grilled book "gun grilled theory, by the Chinese medicine yinpian of as many as 300.

"And agent bureau" is 1076 years (song god XiNing Pope 9 years) in selling medicine based on the expansion and become, in 1103 added seven innings, all over the country have set up local innings. "And agent bureau" for pharmaceutical fang. In the pharmaceutical fang, YaoGong "huimin and agent JuFang" as the judges shall medicine standard basis, after processing standard Chinese medicine yinpian processed into paste, bulk, pills, Dan, etc. Various kinds of China to sell potions. Ordinary people unable to please the doctor's, from now on can buy medicine according to the disease. At first, "and agent bureau" is for relief to the people and the establishment of the sufferings, disaster, when in ShiYi spraying in people. At ordinary times, the army and the poor to sell drugs made by party, quality is good, the price is lower than SiShang.

"Huimin and dose bureau" system, later in the jin, yuan dynasty also follow the establishment.

In the Ming dynasty, "huimin and agent medicine council" have been further strengthened and development, in addition to Beijing outside, in nanjing, guangzhou, etc have set up a "drug administration".

4. The development of traditional Chinese medicine hall

The hall is the traditional Chinese medicine in song and yuan period in accordance with the folk people official "huimin and dose bureau" form of established up, "QianTang after fang", in the workshop has the medicine, medicinal materials processing, between between pharmaceutical and picking between, in the shop before the deployment of one prescription and after selling in the lane of the production of the traditional Chinese medicine, in some shop is a doctor in the judgment seat. It and "huimin dose and bureau" the difference is that the former only for official, mainly is the service functions, while the latter is private, the main business is just, the sales of the drug quality is not bad, the price is higher than official to higher. Because ages ago, song and yuan period of the old hall of Chinese medicine has now have been hard to find.

In the Ming dynasty, the social stability, economic development, agricultural, commercial and industrial prosperity of Chinese medicine hall also flourished. Because the court in Beijing, nanjing and guangzhou set "huimin and agent and drug administration", run by the local people of Chinese medicine in these places hall also first started up.

Ming yongle 3 years (1405), has Beijing famous doctors DingHeNian, its was born in yuan dynasty noble, generation to medical and health preserving in han, benefit and the enlightenment of the dose bureau in Beijing caishikou started in GuoYi museum and crane hall ZhongYaoPu to medical Jackie people, drive sales of Chinese traditional medicine. They purchase tunnel medicinal herbs, select is superior, according to the ancient processing, tablets neat, quality of a material is excellent, the effect is very good, reputation full city. Since then, the city has started a sure-fire hall, the hall of some traditional Chinese medicine yongan hall, they continue to Chinese herbal medicine "at the ancient processing, choose medicine excellent" purpose for the people enthusiastic service, the drugs sold with superior, welcome by customers. In 1525, the rate of heroic fight against Japanese army qi jiguang, a large number of soldiers get sick, crane hall, a large number of specialized in making "damage dealer Dan crane" sent to camp qi jiguang, treated thousands of soldiers life, qi in order to thank, in 1568 wrote "the vigor, keep tai" to the plaque in crane hall, is still in. In 1926, as well YangShengWu brilliant jianghuai hall of plaque inscribed "all nations throughout the three miles long, call full name in five hundred as the global vertical", better reflect the old city hall by the style of traditional Chinese medicine.

Guangzhou, in Ming dynasty has become a famous city of south China, its busy commercial economy also led to the development of traditional Chinese medicine hall. Wanli period, late in 1600, a quite knows to be called the owner dr encountered with the south China sea businessman Chen experience, and get the strong support Chen, ChenLi the partnership, "with one offers", do good "ChenLiJi" drugstore. Since then, with dr to collect ancient drugs, prescription, high quality of medicinal material field, processing, seiko cause unique the gu fang is medicine. The early qing dynasty, "ChenLiJi" drug has set up a file in the domestic's influence, especially "ChenLiJi" all kinds of LaWan, with the unique design of the packing, the magic of curative effect, win outside at home and abroad, as famous, became a "broad medicine" pronoun. Once, TongZhiHuangDi I have a cold, abdominal pain, TuXie not only, try take "ChenLiJi" "zhuifeng Sue $pill" immediately and work, the emperor exultation, hence give "ChenLiJi" enterprise "ji and hall" three characters titles, "ChenLiJi" fame has better.

The Ming dynasty hankou, already is an important ShangFu of central China. In wanli chung, already a years, has a MaYingLong, YeWenJi etc had started up Chinese medicine don, since the childhood, to the qing dynasty, the infamous spreads gradually. The qing emperor kangxi years, hankou has become China's four big name is the head of the town, YeWenJi "leaf kaitai" enterprise continuously improve medicine formula, and actively expand sales business, the more prosperous business. In xianfeng, originate in, and made into expensive medicine. In the nineteenth century, has become one of China's four big Chinese medicine shops.

The early qing dynasty, although stubbornness in court, and the ancient conservative, various Confucianism, stifle thought, with other pharmaceutical science can't get progress, but with the gradual development of the economy, traditional Chinese medicine has been gradually development hall.

Kangxi 8 years (1669), has been held qing palace too hospital collectors purpose spreads music in Beijing founded the "being the" golden signboard, kang xi 40 years later, and people thought LeWu in dashilan opened the "tongren temple" medicine room, this is the classic "after QianTang fang" business model. Five years later, its successor in court LeFengMing secret, folk prescription and secrete recipe, and on the basis of complete "music's generation of ancestral pills scattered anointed Dan material feeding formula". Because music's family well managed, dainty materials, such as processing method, pharmaceutical excellent, the curative effect distinguished, "tongren temple" fame is more and more big. First dynasty, emperor version "tongren temple" consecrate the qing imperial pharmacy royal family medicine, from then on, "tongren temple" qing palace alone do medicine in 188, in the Chinese history is unique. In the late qing dynasty, "tong ren tang" production of as many as more than 500 varieties of traditional Chinese medicine. The "tongren temple" family of continuous efforts, the late qing dynasty, "tongren temple" in all over the country in more music stores open, in tianjin, LeRenTang quality of quality, macro, jinan have macro economic hall, in nanjing and at the same time, opened the "tongren temple" semicolon, national up to 34. These stores, semicolon are to be ZuXun "concocts although numerous, must not dare to omit artificial; grade is expensive, must not dare to reduce material" as their pharmaceutical principle, drug quality also for people outside. A legend, in tianjin, sick, if use not quality reaches to the drug, "father yue not gentleness, child yue unfilial behaviour". "Tongren temple" in the north of China gradually hero, dominate.

In the beautiful scenery of jiangnan, Chinese medicine don also gradually prosper. 13 years development (1870), the famous red top businessmen in hangzhou westlake founded hu xueyan feet huqingyu hall pharmacy, also say "board remember snow, enterprise". The store according to the nanjing official "huimin and dose agency's ancestral party, secret recipe, press" procurement WuZhen, the service system to fine "ancestor example, going production cream, scattered, pills, Dan, curve, tea, spindle, wine into hundreds of drug, reputation with the great river north and south, known as" the chiangnan YaoWang ". With the hangzhou, and clear jiaqing; 10 years (1805) founded by ZhangMei ZhangTongTai drugstore, its business ZhangTongTai tunnel medicinal herbs, genuine, and the people is well-established, experience for more than 200 years, now still yi yi is unripe brightness.

In the qing dynasty was published, are still in production of traditional Chinese medicine hall of one hundred years and the guangzhou JingXiuTang, long life, tianjin's long pan banyan, along with the colleague, Shanghai CAI's hall, changsha nine cheese hall, Harbin world a, chongqing at the prince of the old dial cabinet, kunming YunTang, suzhou LeiYun, wuhu, guizhou ZhangHengChun tongji hall, the hall of PE and guangdong.

China's traditional Chinese medicine hall of one hundred years heir adhering to the ancestors and ancestor example, going elaborate length, and its growing presence, after several times of war and the "cultural revolution" after suffering, the reform and open policy spring breeze clarification, one hundred years new bloom. In 1985, Beijing's great hall of the people in Beijing "tongren temple" at the 315th anniversary of the congress, LiXianNian, peng zhen, WuLanFu other state leaders to attend. In August 1992, Beijing's great hall of the people being the group has established a meeting, secretary jiang invited captioned "carry forward the fine tradition of being the quality first, serve the cause for people's health". General manager of tong ren tang and served as the vice mayor of Beijing. Hangzhou huqingyu hall, guangzhou ChenLiJi and other one hundred years also get the government's vigorously support and the high-speed development. Also some shops meet some temporary difficulties, in government help for "grafting" restructuring, to gain the youthful vitality, such as guizhou tongji hall, etc. Another some shops in the preliminary after the reform is not out of trouble, history in the development, social in advance, as long as they try to insist, these temporary difficulties at present old always "smooth and steady and a spring".