Ancient Chinese encyclopedia

-by the theory of compendium of materia medica scientific interpretation of (two)

ZhouPeng hubei QiChun LiShiZhen culture research

China's traditional Chinese medicine reported

        Compendium of materia medica around the end of the seventeenth century or early 18 th century, by an angel in China from the sea into the European countries. A.D. 1682 years in Frankfurt, Germany, the Latin published "Chinese model", the author BuMi case in China guangzhou during the mission, with China in the process of the contact, the Chinese medicine culture influence have a strong interest in traditional Chinese medicine. Books about the BenCaoXue aspect content, though more in drugs for south China in the result, but the 289 kinds of Chinese traditional medicine but are almost entirely in compendium of materia medica. Although the book cannot be regarded as compendium of materia medica translation, but at least say that this is the European scholars concern compendium of materia medica practical value to start.

        In 1732 the French renowned medical practice in macau by a compendium of materia medica, and according to the book contained in the collected 80 kind of mineral samples, each with a Chinese name mark and translated into French, a European scholars to compendium of materia medica incomplete version, 1857 A.D. by Paris museum of natural history. A.D. 1896 years, by DE merry and library has made the book version, published in Paris "Asia journal, caused French science of great interest.

        In 1735 the French Paris press, according to a preacher of the manuscript editor and finishing the Chinese empire: total record ", in the third volume will compendium of materia medica JuanShou part into French period, the festival for the European published version, and immediately caused all Europe from people of all walks of attention. Make compendium of materia medica spread rapidly in Europe, and open a wave compendium of materia medica research boom. "The empire: total record" first edition was quickly sold out, the next year in the Hague reprint, at the same time in London was translated into English, was renamed "Chinese history". A.D. 1748 years been translated into German publishing. A.D. 1738 ~ 1741 years been translated into two English the publication. A.D. 1771 ~ 1777 years been translated into Russian appeared in st Petersburg.

        18 th century Swedish famous biologists, plant taxonomy founder Lin endure "nature system" has been compendium of materia medica direct effect, and to be much inspiration.

        The 19 th century, French botanist, doctors and Sinologist helle, gaza to compendium of materia medica of research and introduce a big boost in Europe's spread. In 1812 he published an article by Latin compendium of materia medica as the main reference and about China BenCaoXue famous paper, this paper compendium of materia medica content of scientific value further demonstrate. On this, the European scholars began a compendium of materia medica specially research. Such as Britain's HanBoLi, Smith, ford, KeLu, France's merry, g "Michael, Russian tallinn panov and Elgin baylor, KeErNi dostoyevsky scholar to compendium of materia medica carries on the comprehensive research.

        Let the Chinese people feel proud of is, scholars study found that, on human society has had a profound influence of Darwin had reference a compendium of materia medica, and said this is the "China encyclopedia". We have reason to believe that this is Darwin on Chinese civilization of respect, to the east of respect for science.

        Darwin (1809-1882) the British naturalist, the founder of the theory of evolution. Born in 1809 in a British doctor family. From 1825 to 1828, love reading university study medicine, to Cambridge university study theology. 1831 years after graduated from Cambridge university, with the identity of the naturalist by navy exploration ship "BeiGeEr date" for spending five years (1831 ~ 1836), travelling around the world, observation and collect animals, plants and geology, as well as in much of the material, after summary and comprehensive analysis, formed the concept of evolution. In 1859 the book published "the origin of species, the paper puts forward the comprehensive natural selection as the foundation of the theory of evolution. The book was published shook the academia, become the history of biology a turning point. The evolution of the theory of natural selection of all kinds of idealist creationism, teleology and put forward the fundamental theory of the same species challenge. At that time the field of biology has already formed the concepts and ideas change in essence. Then Darwin and the publication of the animals and plants in the domestic variation ", "human origin and sexual choice" and "human and animal expression" and so on books, to artificial selection systematically described, and put forward the sexual selection and theories of the origin of human beings, further enrich the content of the theory of evolution.

        Darwin's on the origin of species first chapter "in the domestic condition variation" said: "if think selection principle is a recent found, it is rather and facts are a far cry from ancient China in a...... in the encyclopedia has about selection principle of clear record." Later, in his "animals and plants in the domestic variations" (1868) a book chapter 20 "artificial selection", and quoted material of dozens of, as his choice of theory of example, we not only know to the ancestors of the universality of variation and its environment and conditions with the relationship, and to recognize can use variation for material, through the artificial selection to foster new varieties.

        According to the expert pan of science research, the Darwinian "ancient China encyclopedia", refers to is compendium of materia medica. As in the animals and plants in the domestic variation of the variable about chicken pointed out: "times Mr Deed told me... published in 1596 the China encyclopedia of seven varieties had mentioned, including our called chicken chicken that jump up, and with black feather, black bone and flesh chicken, black actually these materials or from the more ancient classics collection." Times the British union is British museum, London east of the director of the library literature. Compendium of materia medica (48 birds department does have the same article chicken content. The variety of chicken is Dan white, the cock, cock crowing, black female chicken, yellow female chicken, commonly, the hair chicken and the taihe chicken. Commonly cited in the more ancient books have lee defend the revision peace ", and so on. Another one is about the goldfish records, Darwin's materials directly in the breeding goldfish, "a book, and the breeding goldfish" data from compendium of materia medica LangYing and the seven of the draft.

        In fact LiShiZhen and compendium of materia medica influence to the world, much more than Darwin such science masters, Darwin's students, in the British friendly association President, the Royal Academy of science, east Asia science and technology library director in history, the history of Chinese science editor of Joseph Needham, to LiShiZhen respect also hard to it. For this, he not only on a Chinese name, will also LiShiZhen "li" as their last name. And evaluation LiShiZhen: "as scientists, achieve the same Galileo, visa in the scientific activities of isolation that anyone can reach the highest level."

        The nineteenth century famous compendium of materia medica YanJiuGu, Russia by scholars baylor to compendium of materia medica many highly: "botanical the solution of the problem, some big to be in China through study, botany Canon of cultivated plants occurring this problem, especially on." "Compendium of materia medica BenCaoXue for China of the classic book; the enough to represent a good sample worthy... lee's natural science excellence of ancient and modern China, one of the writers after, herbal works out the right person can cover."