Myth # of traditional Chinese medicine

        Traditional Chinese medicine as one of the three largest quintessence of Chinese culture, for thousands of years in the shining a bright light in the history of civilization. National post office issued a set of stamps on the hall of Chinese medicine, through the image of five Chinese medicine hall, to show the charm of the traditional Chinese medicine in China. People all over the world

        A. The generation of traditional Chinese medicine

        In Chinese folklore, shennong tasted grass bouquet, in ancient s, the emperor shen nung to rescue pain suffering of the general public, led disciple go kyushu earth, tasted grass bouquet, at the expense of their lives, and found numerous herbs can cure people of disease, make people say goodbye to the pain, to the health.

        In fact, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the ancient working people gradually found in gathering food, and constantly sum up experience, accumulated and developed gradually. Western zhou dynasty in the early formation of the "book of songs" has lots of poems depicting ancient working people's living customs, people found in the book of songs involves a drug homologous there are as many as one hundred kinds of plants, such as ge, moxa, fern, fenchyl, qilu, everywhere. In ancient books of qu yuan in "li SAO" shanhaijing and involves also has a large number of drugs to cure disease. Initially, most people will be fresh animal and plant used directly, after many years of practice, it was found that students have many problems with drugs. According to written records, is in Xia Yu era (2000 years BC), the ancestors began brewing, and use the wine, made from a variety of drugs and medicinal liquor. In the shang dynasty, xiangguo YiYin guiding people with traditional Chinese medicine medicinal broth. In this way, Chinese medicine culture is gradually formed in the progress of the Chinese nation.

        2. The development of traditional Chinese medicine

        Medicine, wu exist side by side in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, when the people took the drug for sick or have doubt, doubt whether effective medicines such as Confucius. Contemporary famous doctor bian que in his masterpiece in the use of human anatomy knowledge, to illustrate MaiLi and pathology, the prescriptions from the influence of superstition, science and medicine. Que in healing, in addition to the pulse-taking, also claims that treatment with drugs, and drug in time. At the same time, the medical science is developing, the warring states period written medical huangdi neijing is the earliest existing system of medical classics, its academic thought and the theoretical principle of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the formation and development of various disciplines (including Chinese materia medica) have played an important guiding role.

        In the han dynasty, please advice could use herbs to cure disease have convergence in society. "Of the eastern han dynasty cold-induced febride is one of the world's earliest writing on materia medica, it summarizes the achievements of China's medical treatment medication before the western han dynasty, at the same time also promoted the development of China's traditional Chinese medicine after the eastern han dynasty. Since it came out, all previous dynasties materia medica books are in the cold-induced febride based on records by the drug. At this time, the medical saint zhang zhongjing (150 ~ 219), he is the eastern han dynasty in nanyang county person, from childhood, studious, well-read, especially good medicine. Is a former officer, see folk epidemic disease, failure, then resigned from office, committed to a career in medical research. He often remember old adage, digg the party, and innovation and development, in practice, he is applying combination of disease and syndrome differentiation, is a model of "evidence-based medicine". Not only is he a good, at the same time also is a good medicine. He is the author of classical works of traditional Chinese medicine "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" vol. 16, summed up the experience of the ancient Chinese people's struggle, and disease, and medical knowledge into the past scattered specialized medical classics, ancient medicine completely out of the witch doctor witchcraft and medicines to cure disease. In large Numbers in the book recorded the various old and new dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and various ingredients prescription drug, medicinal properties and processing main method, good summary and creative application at the time people in medicine, the great achievements of the great contributions made to science of traditional Chinese medicine is a major step forward.

        Tao hongjing... of the liang dynasty (456 ~ 536) are put forward to cure needs to determine the dosage form and the method of theory, points out that "to be used for disease have appropriate clothing pill, powder, appropriate take soup, appropriate clothing or alcohol products, appropriate clothes paste Fried, and also take ginseng with thought its ear," the source of the disease, also pointed out that drug production and harvest methods also have impact to its curative effect, and specifies the soup in the book, pills, creams, scattered, medicinal liquor production routine, is actually the prototype of the modern pharmaceutical preparation procedure.

        Tang Chaoxian celebration for four years, presided over by the court issued revised compendium of material medica, newly built this is our country and the world's first promulgated by national organization of the pharmacopoeia. Compendium of material medica contains new 850 kinds of drugs, sexual flavour of each ingredients, producing area, collecting, function and attending all has made the detailed introduction. In order to facilitate users to correctly identify, in addition to the account "compendium" in writing, also pioneered the medicine figure drawing, with the figure by the text. Sun simiao (581 ~ 682) is the shaanxi YaoXian people, he bo menstruation not only books, and be adept. Life in seclusion in the taibai mountain, and promote the medical cure for citizen people used to take medicine. Sui wendi, emperor taizong has asked him to do it, he declined. He stressed that the doctor should have "medical ethics", the patient to see a doctor, whenever anyone, never refuse, future generations respect him as a "who". His daughter s and before tang qian Jin Yifang is set dacheng medical prescriptions of ancient book, a book written about signs, prescription, drug use, preparation, medicine and Tibetan medicine, a lot of experience, content rich and colorful, even today, a lot of content is still has a certain practical value.

        Compendium of materia medica is li shizhen from 1552 to no demand over a period of 27 years of herbal medicine masterpiece, the pharmacy book contains 1892 kinds of drugs, nearly 40 kinds of dosage forms, and a detailed classification, description, scientifically, not only summarized the medical knowledge in the past, set in one thousand medica experience, for all previous dynasties medicine essential books, and promoted the development of the later herbalism, made great contribution to the development of world culture. Guo moruo praise way: "benefit the lives, how many people live live; wei zai master, will vary depending on the national life eternal life".

        3. The establishment of "benefiting the people and medicine bureau"

        Song dynasty, due to the development of production, economic prosperity, give people bring good rest. From the northern song dynasty to the southern song dynasty, all previous dynasties dynasty for medicine much more seriously, not only by the government published a lot of medicine, but also set up specializing in the production of medicine and specialized management institutions "huimin innings and agent", and to formulate the preparation specifications "benefiting the people and dose of pharmacopoeia. "Agency and agent" for the song dynasty official pharmacies, was among the first in the world the official medical management institution. Agent of "benefiting the people and army" is China's earliest a specification, and later development of pharmaceutical cause at that time had a profound impact.

        Since emperor taizong song dynasty began to pay attention to the prescription of collection and research. In taiping xingguo ordered 3 years all over the country to the introduction, then the other to the physician, according to han and tang dynasties YiSheng collective arrangement, in medical theory and experience. In 992, make up for the peaceful holy benevolence formulae, volume, 1670 doors, content is very rich. After enrichment adapted into "army" taiping huimin and agent, fewer but better than before, to promote the people. Many formula such as "siwu decoction" and "sijunzi decoction", "purple snow Dan", "treasure Dan" curative effect is distinct, use up to now, the latter two also appeared in the modern "tongrentang" directory.

        The song dynasty in terms of medicinal materials processing and drug dosage forms, has been on the basis of inheriting predecessors' experience, a preliminary tend to perfect and finalize the design. The first gun main monograph in China in the song dynasty "cannon main theory", the processing of traditional Chinese medicine yinpian with as many as 300.

        "Bureau" and the agent is 1076 (song of god XiNing 9 years) in selling medicines were based on the expanded, in 1103 added seven innings, throughout the country has set up a local bureau. "Bureau" and agent for pharmaceutical workshop. In the pharmaceutical, it may decide the agent of "benefiting the people and the army as an officer" medicine standard basis, will produce specification of Chinese medicine yinpian processing into paste, powder, pill, Dan and other agents to sell up. Ordinary people are unable to send for a doctor, from now on can buy medicine according to disease. Originally, "bureau" and the agent is created for the relief for the people suffering, at the time of famine, pestilence administer to the people. At ordinary times, sold to the army and the poor in preparation, quality is good, price is lower than private businessmen.

        "Huimin bureau and medicine" system, established in jin and yuan dynasties were also follow after.

        In Ming dynasty, "huimin bureau and medicine" had a further consolidation and development, in addition to Beijing, in nanjing, guangzhou and other places have set up a "pharmacy".

        # 4. Traditional Chinese medicine development

        Hall is the folk people in song and yuan period of traditional Chinese medicine according to the official "huimin bureau and medicine" established in the form of, "lane", after the house, in the workshop have storage between medicine, medicinal materials processing, pharmaceutical and shipping department, after former will allocate one prescription of the shop, and sell in the workshop production of proprietary Chinese medicine, in some stores have doctor's seat. It the difference between "huimin bureau and medicine" and is only for official, is primarily a service function, which is a private, mainly is the management, the quality of the sales is not bad, some price is higher than that of official. Period due to the old, old hall of traditional Chinese medicine is now hard to find.

        To the Ming dynasty, due to the social stability, economic development, agricultural, commercial and manufacturing industries, Chinese medicine hall have flourished. Because the court in Beijing, nanjing, guangzhou and other places to set up "huimin bureau and medicine", run by the local Chinese medicine hall is in the first place to start.

        Ming yongle three years (1405 years), there is Beijing famous doctor Ding Henian, its was born in the yuan dynasty aristocrat, generation master of Chinese medicine and health, the benefit and medicine bureau of revelation, in Beijing caishikou founded in crane hall GuoYi pavilion and Chinese pharmacy, with medical people, drive the sales of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They are purchasing authentic medicinal materials selection is superior, according to the ancient COINS, tablets and tidy, excellent texture, curative effect is very good and famous city. Since then, Beijing has launched a sure-fire hall, yonhap hall, etc. Some of the traditional Chinese medicine, don they are adhering to Chinese traditional medicine "follow the ancient COINS, choose excellent medicine" of purpose, enthusiasm for the people service, sales, with superior quality welcome by customers. 1525, qi jiguang army heroic fight against the enemy, a large number of soldiers sick, crane hall specially rushed in a large number of "crane Dan leading to qi jiguang nahshon, treat the lives thousands of soldiers, qi in order to thank, in 1568 wrote" adjustable feet, raise tai "plaques to crane hall, is still in. 1926, jianghuai Yang Shengwu to celebrities for sure-fire hall inscribed plaques "universal call three worldfamous, of five hundred global player", better reflects the city style of old Chinese medicine hall.

        Guangzhou, has become a famous lingnan metropolis in the Ming dynasty, the flourishing commercial economy also has given rise to the development of Chinese medicine hall. Wanli period, the late 1600 s, a staple of be a herbal medicine shop owner Dr. Encountered the businessman chan experience of the south China sea, and was funded by the Chen, Chen Li partnerships, "concentric offers," do good "Chen Liji drugstore." Since then, Dr. Assist to collect ancient drugs, prescription, select medicinal material, good processing, seiko unique viewpoints are caused by medicine. Early years of the qing dynasty, "Chen Liji" has been influential in China, especially the various LaWan "Chen Liji", in a unique packaging, magical efficacy, won at home and abroad, famous, gradually become the pronoun of "medicine". Once, arrive I catch a cold, abdominal pain, children, try to take "Chen Liji" "zhuifeng Sue pills", effective immediately, the emperor exultation, hence give "Chen Liji drugstore #" and "three characters" titles, make "Chen Liji" his fame to the next level.

        In the Ming dynasty hankou, is important ShangFu of central China. In wanli, frame and successively with ma yinglong, Ye Wenji waiting to open up the Chinese traditional medicine, since the childhood, to the qing dynasty, his fame spreads gradually. The qing emperor kangxi years, hankou has become China's four big famous town, Ye Wenji kaitai "leaves" pharmacy continuously improve medicine formula, actively expand sales operations, business more thriving. Made during xianfeng, stagnation, a valuable medicine. At the end of the 19th century, has become one of China's four big Chinese medicine shop.

        Early years of the qing dynasty, although the court stuck in the past, the statue of the ancient conservatism, exclusive Confucianism, stifle thought, medicine as well as other science is not progress, but with the gradually development of economy, Chinese medicine has been developing gradually.

        Kangxi eight years (in 1669), a former qing dynasty imperial palace spreads too hospital collectors to music created the gold-lettered signboard of "tongrentang" in Beijing, kangxi, 40 years later people LeWu useless in dashilan opened "tongrentang" medicine room, this is the classic "after the house lane" business model. Five years later, their descendants LeFengMing in palace secret recipe, folk prescription and ancestral secret recipe, on the basis of complete "le's generation heirloom pills powder paste material". Because happy family well-managed, dainty materials, processing method, pharmaceutical quality, curative effect is distinguished, "tongrentang" fame is more and more big. , of the first year of yongzheng emperor king James "tongrentang" consecrate qing royal royal pharmacy drugs, from then on, "tongrentang" alone do qing palace medicine in 188, is unique in the history of China. The late qing dynasty, "tongrentang" come as many as 500 species production. By "tongrentang" family of continuous efforts, the late qing and early republic, "tongrentang" all over the country to open several stores, in tianjin have RenTang, LeRenTang, hongrentang had so rapid development mainly due to jinan have macro economy don, in nanjing and other places opened a semicolon "tongrentang" again at the same time, as many as 34 companies in the country. These branches, semicolons are ZuXun "concocts although numerous, did not dare to omit artificial; grade, though expensive, will dare not cut material resources" as their pharmaceutical principles, quantity also for the people. Have a legend, sick in tianjin, such as in not ascended RenTang, "father don't kind, yue unfilial son". "Tongrentang" gradually hero, in the north of China.

        In the beautiful scenery of jiangnan, traditional Chinese medicine hall also gradually flourished. Pathogenesis of 13 years (1870), the famous red top businessman hu xueyan set up huqingyu hall drugstore in hangzhou wushan feet, which is also called "hu xue characters on". The store according to the nanjing official "huimin bureau and medicine" ancestral, secret recipe, according to the "procurement WuZhen, repair services" ZuXun, paste, powder, pill, song Dan, wine, tea, ingot, ranks, such as hundreds of famous great river north and south, known as "jiangnan who". 10 years in hangzhou, and qing jiaqing (1805) founded by Zhang Mei Zhang Tongtai pharmacy, its operating Zhang Tongtai authentic medicinal materials, really, people is well-established, has more than 200 years, still yi yi is unripe brightness.

        Appeared in qing dynasty, now still in production and operation of one hundred - year - old Chinese medicine hall JingXiuTang, high pan, tianjin and guangzhou long shun rongping, tongrentang, changsha, Shanghai CAI with DE hall nine zhi hall, who together in Harbin, kunming, chongqing tong jun on the old dial YunTang, suzhou LeiYun, wuhu Zhang Hengchun, guizhou tongjitang, guangdong yi and hall, etc.

        (the author: flowers YongGang)