Chinese acupuncture external transmission path 
 
 
Bai Xinghua Institute of Beijing university of Chinese medicine acupuncture and massage 
 
 
China's traditional Chinese medicine to 

        Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, also is the most distinctive parts. Acupuncture external communication has become a unique cultural phenomenon, from the 6th century, before and after acupuncture was introduced into the surrounding the Korean peninsula and Japan, began to date for the last 1500 years of global tour, had spread to more than 140 countries and regions, the length of time and geographical range is very rare." 
 
        Throughout the history of the acupuncture external transmission can be roughly divided into three stages. 
 
        The first stage about the 6th century AD to the late 15th century, about 1000 years. 
 
        Acupuncture and moxibustion primarily in the surrounding areas, such as the Korean peninsula, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia and other regions. The spread of this stage is roughly divided into east, west and south three directions. Acupuncture to the east of the Korean peninsula and Japan and the spread of the most successful to Vietnam. These early cultural homology with China, was spread on the basis of Chinese carrier, frequent personnel interact with one another, so the original TCM acupuncture spread in the past, especially in Japan, not only inherited the traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and well preserved, and the development, enrich the theory and practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, such as Japanese doctor invented tube stitch and injection method, and also become an important post, in other parts of the acupuncture to spread to Europe and South America and other regions such as by Japan. 
 
        Acupuncture to the spread of the western regions is very limited. Since the han dynasty, people set up the communication between China and central Asia, west Asia, South Asia and eastern Mediterranean by land and sea lanes, posterity is called the "silk road". In addition to silk, these channels also carry many other goods, land and sea and spreading all kinds of civilization and culture. 
 
        From the existing archaeological discovery, acupuncture has spread along the road of the silk road on the west, such as medical Jane and wuwei han dynasty bamboo slips in acupuncture, moxibustion of sui and tang dynasties found in dunhuang, as well as ASiDaNa tomb unearthed in turpan, xinjiang county "acupuncture section copy" (according to Ma Jixing best.i dunhuang ancient medical books, most of the content close to the acupuncture by party a and party b), and hetian unearthed the yellow emperor hall by two, as well as for the yellow emperor hall, one of the ancient editions, etc. (hidden in the former Soviet union), but it seems no longer spread farther to the west. 
 
        The only exception to this is the 13th century or so by the Persian kingdom Mongol khan period prime minister rashid organization the scholar compiled a Persian furrowed brow, "khan's son of China's scientific treasure", it is said that some of the content of the meridians and acupuncture (research), but the impact of this translation work, but don't know. Because whether Iran in central Asia, South Asia India, or the Arab countries of Asia, the history of acupuncture and moxibustion is very short, India is in 1959, basic it is elsewhere in 1971, after acupuncture and since these areas to carry out the situation is not ideal, lags far behind Europe, the americas and other regions. 
 
        The second phase in the early 16th century to 1970, about 500 years. 
 
        Early mainly spread to the Netherlands, France, Britain, Germany, Italy and other European countries, and at the beginning of the 19th century spread through Europe to the United States, Australia and Russia and other countries. Late beginning in 1963, the Chinese government sent aid medical team will acupuncture spread to many African countries. 
 
        Historians say 15 ~ 17 century as the "great maritime era", all over the world especially in Europe launched a wide range of transatlantic activities, for the first time will communicate every continent on earth, and then formed many new route, trade and cultural exchanges between east and west increased rapidly. On merchant ships bound for Europe in the east, in addition to carrying the goods such as silk, tea, porcelain, spices, and on the east of all kinds of information, including introduction of traditional Chinese medicine especially acupuncture manuscripts, and therefore on the spread of acupuncture to the European tour. Compared with acupuncture to the Korean peninsula and Japan and Vietnam and other Asian countries and spread to Europe, you will find, the former is a two-way street, is both to personnel exchanges; While the latter is one-way, is Europe's own introduced acupuncture to go back. Also need to point out that the communicators source of information is not local, but Indonesia and Japan. 
 
        Although since 1552, there were growing European missionaries in China, there is no lack of among them matteo ricci (1552-1610) such a heavyweight, they to the Chinese society at that time made a comprehensive and thorough observation, in they sent back to Europe a lot of introduction in Chinese literature, there are systematic sphygmology and pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, but acupuncture is referred to as a kind of folk or see the fun occasionally mentioned, almost no impact. 
 
        Acupuncture and moxibustion were systematically introduced to Europe, thanks to the Dutch east India company's three employees. Since Ming and qing dynasty, the Chinese government has repeatedly hai jin, banned Chinese people doing business overseas, also restrict foreign businessmen to trade with China, a large number of trade with the west in Indonesia and Japan therefore become an important post acupuncture spread to the west. Moxibustion was introduced into Europe by accident. A priest at the east India company in Jakarta to gout, after treatment with a female doctor from China pain miraculously disappeared. Gout is epidemic in the 17th century European aristocrats, main cause is eating a lot of meat (especially seafood) and excessive drinking, lack of effective treatment. The priest keen attention to the value of moxibustion treatment of gout, quickly collecting relevant data, and collates them into manuscripts published in 1675 in the Netherlands, soon led to a moxibustion in the Netherlands, UK, Germany and other countries a short popular. 
 
        Acupuncture incoming is associated with two doctors, they have lived in Japan for two years, have witnessed the operation and effect of acupuncture, also realized that the uniqueness of this method, so the writing paper gives detailed introduction, published in 1683 and 1712, respectively. But these papers published after a long time no one dare to try, it was not until 1810 in France in the cases of the first to use acupuncture treatment, the resulting the acupuncture small range of popular in Europe, and quickly spread to the United States, Australia and Russia and other countries. The acupuncture and moxibustion heat didn't last long, however, about the 19th century, acupuncture and moxibustion in Europe and the United States has largely withdrawn, until the 1930 s, a French diplomat living in China for many years to acupuncture back to France, rekindled the europeans' interest in acupuncture.
 
 
 
Unfinished, full text links: http://www.cntcmvideo.com/zgzyyb/html/2014-01/27/content_82077.htm