Myth # of traditional Chinese medicine 
 
 

The 2010-10-16 09:48:37 
 
 
Source: http://www.medstamps.com/research/ShowArticle.asp? 

    Stamp collecting portal Traditional Chinese medicine as one of the three largest quintessence of Chinese culture, for thousands of years in the glaring bright brilliance in the history of civilization. Country's postal service will be released in November this year a "Chinese medicine hall" stamp, by five hall of traditional Chinese medicine image, show the charm of the traditional Chinese medicine in China to people of the world.
 
    A. The generation of traditional Chinese medicine
 
    In Chinese folklore, shennong tasted grass bouquet, in ancient s, the emperor shen nung pain suffering in order to save the people, led the disciples through kyushu earth, tasted grass bouquet, sacrificing his own life, find countless people can heal disease herbs, enable people to say goodbye to the pain, to the health.
 
    In fact, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the ancient working people gradually found in gathering food, and constantly sum up experience, accumulated and developed step by step. The western zhou dynasty in the early formation of the "book of songs" has a lot of depicting ancient working people life character and style of poetry, it was found that in the book of songs involves a drug homologous there are as many as one hundred kinds of plants, such as ge, ai, fern, fenchyl, qi, can be seen everywhere. In ancient books shanhaijing and qu yuan in "li SAO" also has a large number of drugs to cure disease. People originally, the most by directly using the fresh plants and animals, after many years of practice, it was found that students have many problems with drugs. According to written records, it is in the era of Xia Yu (2000 years BC), the ancestors began brewing, and use the wine, made from a variety of drugs and medicinal liquor. In the shang dynasty, prime minister yi zhi guiding people with traditional Chinese medicine medicinal broth. In this way, Chinese medicine culture was gradually formed in the progress of the Chinese nation.
 
    2. The development of traditional Chinese medicine
 
    The spring and autumn period and the warring states period, medical, wu, at that time people took the drug for sick or have doubt, doubt whether effective medicines such as Confucius. Contemporary famous doctor bian que in his masterpiece in the nanjing, using the knowledge of the human anatomy, to illustrate MaiLi and pathology, make prescriptions from the influence of superstition, science and medicine. Que healing, in addition to the pulse-taking, also claims that treatment with drugs, and drug in time. At the same time, the medical science has been developed vigorously, the warring states period written medical huangdi neijing is the earliest existing system of medical texts, his academic thought and the principle of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the formation and development of various disciplines (including Chinese materia medica) plays an important role in guiding.
 
    In the han dynasty, please advice with herbs heal disease have convergence in society. The eastern han dynasty's "cold-induced febride is one of the world's earliest writing on materia medica, it summarizes our country medical treatment medicine results before the western han dynasty, but also promote the development of TCM in China after the eastern han dynasty. Since its inception, by all previous dynasties materia medica books are in the cold-induced febride pheur carried on the basis of the drug. At this time, the medical saint zhang zhongjing (150 ~ 219), he is the eastern han dynasty in nanyang county person, from childhood, studious, well-read, especially good medicine. Is a former officer, see folk epidemics, failure, so to resign from office, and committed to a career in medical research. He often remember the old adage, to seize the party, development and innovation, practice, he used the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation, everywhere is a model of "evidence-based medicine". Not only is he a good, at the same time is also a good medicine. Book his classic works of traditional Chinese medicine theory of typhoid miscellaneous disease, 16 volumes, summarizes the experience of ancient Chinese people's struggle and disease, the medical knowledge into the messy specialized medical classics, ancient medicine completely out of the shaman healing arts and medicines. In large Numbers in the book recorded the all kinds of old and new dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and various ingredients prescription drugs, medicinal properties and processing main method, good summary and creative application of the great achievements in medicine, the people at that time, the great contribution made to the science of TCM is a major step forward.
 
    Tao hongjing... of the liang dynasty (456-536) is put forward to cure needs to determine the dosage form and the method of theory, points out that "disease with appropriate take pills, appropriate clothing, appropriate take soup, appropriate clothing or alcohol products, appropriate uniform paste Fried, and served by the source of the disease also think its ear", also points out the origin and collecting methods of its efficacy of drugs may also be affected, and specifies the soup in the book, pill, paste, powder, medicinal liquor production routine, is actually the prototype of the modern pharmaceutical preparation procedure.
 
    Tang Chaoxian celebration for four years, presided over by the government issued revised compendium of material medica, newly built this is our country and the world organization to promulgate by the country's first pharmacopoeia. Compendium of material medica contains new drug 850 kinds, for each herbs, sexual flavour, producing area, collecting, function and attending all has made the detailed introduction. In order to facilitate users to correctly identify, in addition to the account "compendium" in writing, is also the first drawing of the medicine figure, with the figure by the text. Sun simiao (581 ~ 682), Yao County is shaanxi he bo menstruation not only books, and be adept. Life in the taibai mountain seclusion, often take medicine cabinet and promote the medical cure for believed dead people. Sui wendi, emperor taizong has asked him to do it, he declined. He stressed that the doctor should have "medical ethics", the patient to see a doctor, whenever anyone, never refuse, future generations respect him as a "who". His daughter s and m Jin Yifang is set before tang dacheng medical prescriptions of ancient book, a book written about signs, prescription, drug use, preparation, medicine, medicine, etc, a lot of experience, rich and colorful content today, still have certain practical value.
 
    Compendium of materia medica is li shizhen from 1552 to no demand over a period of 27 years of herbal medicine magnum opus, the pharmaceutical work contains 1892 species of traditional Chinese medicine for nearly 40 kinds of dosage forms, and a detailed classification, description, scientifically, the system not only summarized the medical knowledge of the past, set in one thousand medica experience, for all previous dynasties medicine essential books, and promoted the development of the later herbalism, made a great contribution to the development of world culture. Guo moruo praise way: "benefit the lives, how many people live live; wei zai master, will vary depending on the national life eternal life".
 
    3. The establishment of "benefiting the people and medicine bureau"
 
    The song dynasty, due to the development of production, economic prosperity, brings the people a good rest. From the northern song dynasty to the southern song dynasty, much more attention to all previous dynasties dynasty for medicine, published by the government not only a lot of medical books, but also set up specializing in the production of medicine and specialized management institutions "huimin bureau and agent", and to formulate the preparation specifications "benefiting the people and dose of pharmacopoeia. "Bureau and agent" as the song dynasty official pharmacies, was among the first in the world the official medical management institution. "Benefiting the people and dose of army" is China's earliest a specification, for at that time and later had a profound impact on the development of pharmaceutical enterprise.
 
    Song dynasty since emperor taizong began to pay attention to the prescription of collection and research. In the western ordered all over the country to the introduction, 3 years later, the other to the physician, according to medical sage han collective arrangement, in medical theories and experience. In 992, make up for the peaceful holy benevolence formulae, "hundred volumes, 1670 door, content is very rich. After enrichment adapted into "taiping huimin and agent army", fewer but better than before, easy to spread in the folk. Many formula such as "siwu decoction" and "sijunzi decoction", "purple snow Dan", "treasure Dan curative effect is distinct, use up to now, after two also appeared in the modern" tongrentang "the list of drugs.
 
    The song dynasty in terms of medicinal materials processing and drug dosage forms, has been on the basis of inheriting predecessors' experience, perfect and finalize the design. In the song dynasty in our country the first gun main monograph "cannon main theory", the processing of traditional Chinese medicine yinpian with as many as 300.
 
    "And agent bureau" is 1076 (song he dare to change 9 years) in selling drugs on the basis of the expansion, and in 1103 added seven innings, across the country set up a local bureau. "Bureau and agent" for pharmaceutical workshop. In the pharmaceutical, it may set the agent of "benefiting the people and the army as an officer" medicine standard basis, will produce the specification of Chinese medicine yinpian processing into a paste, powder, pill, Dan and other agents to sell up. Ordinary people are unable to send for a doctor, from now on can buy medicine according to disease. At first, "bureau" and agent is created for the relief for the people suffering, pesticide applying at the time of famine, pestilence, in the people. At ordinary times, the troops and the poor sold drugs according to the preparation, the quality is good, price is lower than private businessmen.
 
    "Benefiting the people and the medicine bureau" system, established in jin and yuan dynasties are also follow after.
 
    In the Ming dynasty, "benefiting the people and medicine bureau" with further consolidate and develop, in addition to Beijing, in nanjing, guangzhou and other places have set up a "pharmacy".
 
    4. The development of Chinese medicine hall
 
    Private citizens is hall of Chinese medicine in song and yuan period according to the official "benefiting the people and medicine bureau" established in the form of, "the house after fang", in the workshop have storage between medicine, medicinal materials processing, pharmaceutical and shipping department, after the deployment of the shop, before one prescription and sell in the workshop production of proprietary Chinese medicine, has a doctor's seat in some stores. It and the difference between "huimin bureau and medicine" is only for official, mainly is the service function, while the latter is a private, is the main business, the sales of the drug quality, price goes higher than the official. Period due to the old, old hall of traditional Chinese medicine is now hard to find.
 
    In the Ming dynasty, due to the social stability, economic development, agricultural, commercial and manufacturing industries, traditional Chinese medicine have flourished. Because the government in Beijing, nanjing, guangzhou and other places set up "huimin bureau and medicine", run by the local people's traditional Chinese medicine hall also established first in these places.
 
    Ming yongle three years (in 1405), a famous doctor in Beijing Ding Henian, was born in the yuan dynasty aristocrat, its generation master of Chinese medicine and health, benefit and medicine bureau of revelation, in Beijing caishikou founded in crane hall national physician pavilion and Chinese pharmacy, with the medical people, drive sales of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They purchase authentic medicinal materials selection is superior, according to the ancient, the pill neat, fine texture, curative effect is good, the city reputation. Since then, the city launched a sure-fire hall in succession, some traditional Chinese medicine, such as wing hall hall, they all inherit the Chinese traditional medicine "according to ancient processing, choose medicine refined" tenet, enthusiastic service, for the people sold drug quality of a material is excellent, welcome by customers. In 1525, qi jiguang army heroic fight against the enemy, a large number of soldiers sick, crane hall specially rushed in a large number of "crane Dan leading to qi jiguang nahshon, save the lives of thousands of soldiers, qi in order to thank, in 1568 wrote" adjustable feet, raise tai "plaques to crane hall, is still in. In 1926, jianghuai noblige Yang Shengwu for sure-fire hall inscribed plaques "universal call three worldfamous, global admire famous hanging in five hundred", better reflects the city old hall of style of traditional Chinese medicine.
 
    In guangzhou, in the Ming dynasty has become a famous lingnan metropolis, the bustling commercial economy also has given rise to the development of Chinese medicine hall. Wanli period, the end of 1600, a staple be quite medica owner Dr Zc stumbles across the south China sea merchants Chen, and was funded by the Chen, Chris chan lee partnerships, "" concentric and helpful, do a good job in" Chen Liji "pharmacy. Since then, Dr. Assist to collect ancient drugs, prescription, select medicinal material, good processing, seiko create unique viewpoints is medicine. Early years of the qing dynasty, "Chen Liji" drugs has been an influential at home, especially all kinds of wax pill "Chen Liji", with a unique packaging, magical curative effect, won at home and abroad, famous, has gradually become the pronoun of "medicine". Once, arrive I catch a cold, abdominal pain, children, try taking "Chen Liji" "zhuifeng Sue pills", effective immediately, the emperor exultation, hence give "Chen Liji drugstore #" and "three characters" titles, make "Chen Liji" his fame to the next level.
 
    In the Ming dynasty hankou, is important ShangFu of central China. , frame in the wanli years, successively with ma yinglong, Ye Wenji people to open up the hall of traditional Chinese medicine, since the childhood, in the qing dynasty, his fame spreads gradually. The qing emperor kangxi years, hankou has become China's four big famous town, "leaf kaitai" pharmacy Ye Wenji continuously improve medicine formula, actively expand sales operations, business more prosperous. In xianfeng, stagnation and made a valuable medicine. In the end of the 19th century, has become one of China's four big Chinese medicine shop.
 
    Early years of the qing dynasty, although the court stuck in the past, the statue of the ancient conservatism, exclusive Confucianism, stifle thought, medicine as well as other science is not progress, but with the gradual development of economy, Chinese medicine has been developing gradually.
 
    Kangxi eight years (in 1669), a former qing dynasty imperial palace in Beijing too hospital collectors spreads to le founded the signboard of "tongrentang", kangxi, 40 years later people LeWu useless in dashilan opened "tongrentang" medicine chamber, this is the classic "after the house lane" business model. Five years later, their descendants LeFengMing in palace secret recipe, folk prescription and ancestral secret recipe, on the basis of complete "le's generation heirloom pills powder paste material". Because happy family well managed, dainty materials, processing, such as law, pharmaceutical quality, curative effect is distinguished, "tongrentang" fame is more and more big. , of the first year of yongzheng emperor king James "tongrentang" consecrate royal imperial qing pharmacy drugs, from then on, "tongrentang" alone do the qing palace medicine in 188, is unique in the history of China. The late qing dynasty, "tongrentang" production of proprietary Chinese medicine up to more than 500 kinds of varieties. By "tongrentang" family of continuous efforts, the late qing and early republic, "tongrentang" all over the country to open several stores, in tianjin has RenTang, LeRenTang, hongrentang had so rapid development mainly due, jinan hall, macros in nanjing and other places opened a semicolon "tongrentang" again at the same time, the country up to 34. These branch, semicolon will ZuXun "concocts although numerous, did not dare to omit artificial; grade, though expensive, will not reduce material resources" as their pharmaceutical principles, drug quality as well as for the people. A legend, sick in tianjin, such as in not ascended RenTang drugs, "the father yue not goodness, yue unfilial son". "Tongrentang" gradually hero, in the north of China.
 
    In the beautiful scenery of jiangnan, Chinese medicine hall also gradually flourished. Word 13 years (1870), the famous red top businessman hu xueyan set up huqingyu hall drugstore in hangzhou wushan feet, which is also called "hu snow characters on". The store according to the nanjing official "benefiting the people and medicine bureau" ancestral, secret recipe, according to the "procurement WuZhen, repair system for fine" ZuXun, production of paste, powder, pill, Dan, music, tea, ingot, wine up hundreds of drugs, such as famous great river north and south, known as "jiangnan who". In hangzhou, and qing jiaqing ten years (1805) founded by Zhang Mei Zhang Tongtai pharmacy, its operating Zhang Tongtai authentic medicinal materials, actually, the people is well-established, experienced more than 200 years, still yi yi is unripe brightness.
 
    In qing dynasty, now still in production and operation of the traditional Chinese medicine hall one hundred - year - old JingXiuTang, high pan, tianjin and guangzhou long shun rongping, tongrentang, Shanghai CAI to the hall, changsha nine zhi hall, world class, chongqing tung royal pavilion in Harbin, kunming on the old dial YunTang, suzhou LeiYun, wuhu heng-chun zhang, guizhou tongjitang, guangdong's profit and hall, etc.
 
    Hall of Chinese medicine in China, the heir to the one hundred - year - old adhering to the ancestors and ZuXun, careful study, and continuously carry forward, after several times after the hardships of war and the "cultural revolution", the spring breeze of reform and opening up the cleanse, one hundred - year - old bloom again. In 1985, in the great hall of the people in Beijing Beijing "tongrentang" 315th anniversary of the founding conference, immortals, peng zhen, ulanhu national leaders to attend. In August 1992, at the great hall of the people in Beijing tongrentang group company founding conference, jiang zhemin secretary invited inscription "carry forward the fine traditions of quality first, tong ren tang health service" for the people. Tongrentang general manager also served as the vice mayor of Beijing. Hangzhou huqingyu hall, guangzhou Chen Liji and other one hundred - year - old also have strong support from the government and high-speed development. Also met some temporary difficulties, some of the old "grafting" restructuring under the government help, to regain youthful vitality, such as guizhou tongjitang etc. Another some of the old is not out of the woods, after preliminary restructuring in history development, social in progress, as long as they are trying to stick to, these are temporary difficulties of the old will "scenes and a spring". (the author: flowers YongGang)