Chinese herbal medicine preparation in the application of prawn breeding varieties such as disease prevention and control 
 
 
Reference: anhui agricultural science, 
 
 

Author: Wang Bo etc. 
 
 
Chinese aquaculture net 
 
 
The 2015-04-26 13:45:00 
 
 
Author: Beijing normal university, zhuhai campus Wang Bo, xu hua, r. vishny, Angela, Li Wenfen, heng-mei yan 

    At present, raise shrimp has already become important pillar industry in the mariculture. With the expansion of the scale of shrimp farming, intensive degree of improvement and shrimp living environment deterioration, the harm of disease is more and more big. Pathogen mainly include viruses, bacteria and parasites. Increasingly serious epidemic diseases, supplies shrimp production caused great damage. However, due to long-term use of antibiotics and other chemical drugs to aquaculture disease prevention and cure, has triggered a series of environmental problems and social problems. In recent years, due to the need of health cultivation, people increase the green, environmental protection, medicine and additive research and development efforts, Chinese herbal medicine preparation increasingly wide application in aquaculture.
 
    Chinese herbal medicine natural, high efficiency, low residue, is not easy to lead to resistance, is rich in adjusting the aquatic animal immune expression of effective components, such as organic acids, alkaloids, chitosan, volatile oil, wax, glucoside, tannin substances, and some unknown immune active factor and so on, mainly by influencing the nonspecific immune system, activation, and induce a variety of cytokines and other ways to improve the body immunity, can direct sterilization, antibacterial, antiviral, peptides, on the prevention and cure of shrimp disease has extensive application prospect.
 
    1 Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of the application of shrimp virus disease
 
    Couch since 1974 in the northern gulf of Mexico in Florida pink prawn since the first discovery of shrimp baculovirus, shrimp virus species have been found nearly 20 kinds. Virus disease is fast, high mortality, its outbreak prawn breeding, cause huge economic loss to the world enormous threat to the sustainable development of Marine resources. In recent years, the most harmful shrimp virus mainly white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), yellow head (YHV) and peach syndrome virus (TSV), etc.
 
    1. 1 of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of the application of shrimp white spot syndrome virus
 
    Kevin ng to South America white shrimp feed compound preparation of Chinese herbal medicine prawn virus net, net per kilogram of feed add shrimp virus within 10 g, continuous feeding 5 ~ 7 d, 2 times a day, has obtained the certain effect, the illness got well control, control of more than 80%, and to a certain extent, also control the spread of white spot syndrome; Ching-hwa Yang etc. Research shows that compound Chinese herbal medicine feed is added in the feed, achieved can affect the prawn disease resistance of WSSV. When adding compound Chinese herbal medicine concentration was 0.1%, 26 d continuous feeding, the improvement of prawn disease resistance is most obvious. If the feeding time is too short or too long, the improvement of prawn disease resistance are not obvious. Continuous feeding is better than intermittent feeding effect, short-term continuous dosing, prawn disease resistance increased, high dose group and low dose group of prawn disease resistance. In the treatment of experiment, when the concentration of compound Chinese herbal medicine adding 0. 2%, 30 d, continuous feeding prawn treatment effect is most obvious.
 
    1. 2 Chinese herbal medicine in prevention and cure of shrimp peach syndrome virus
 
    Yu Xiuying etc will be 9 of TCM (astragalus membranaceus, grifola, eucommia bark, medlar, cordate houttuynia, liquorice, dried tangerine or orange peel, poria cocos, rhizoma coptidis) preparation of bait feeding South America white shrimp, the seasonal alternate period daily feeding medicine, basin incidence of prawn virus disease of peach average pool lower than control 37. 2%, the average output of the basin prawns with high survival rate, respectively, compared with the control pool 1 an average of 851 kg/hm2 and 15.2%; China by xing produced a kind of compound preparation of Chinese herbal medicine - white shrimp red body, added to the base bait 1. 5% compound preparation of Chinese herbal medicine, through pilot plant and large area expanding test, found that can effectively block the nucleic acid synthesis, inhibiting the South America white shrimp infectious virus, enhance immunity at the same time, to be effective in preventing and treatment of South America white shrimp virus, viral disease by peach, and not easy to relapse, good curative effect have been achieved; Cham jia in the South America white shrimp feed add vitamins, such as garlic, povidone iodine, three yellow powder, etc., to be effective in preventing peach of prawn virus infection.
 
    Two Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and control of the application of shrimp bacterial disease
 
    Bacterial disease is the most important one of the diseases of aquatic animals. With the improvement of aquaculture scale and intensive degree, aquaculture environment worsening, aquaculture disease incidence rate is higher and higher in recent years. The use of Chinese herbal medicine for shrimp farming bacteriostasis research mainly concentrated in bacteria on with severe harm to aquatic animals, such as vibrios, moisture and bacterium.
 
    2. 1 of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and cure of shrimp vibrios diseases caused by bacteria
 
    Yong-teng su etc. Research shows that on the basis of roche expounds the diet after adding 0.4% rhubarb anthraquinone extract, 12, 24 and 48 h of roche spermatogenesis patients serum lysozyme activity and the content of hepatopancreas lysozyme were control group increase over the same period, so as to improve the immune level of roche spermatogenesis, decrease of sensitivity of roche spermatogenesis of vibrio anguillarum, enhance its resistance to Lee wj based raw materials such as use of antibiotics accounted for 0.3% ~ 0.6%, Chinese herbal medicine, accounts for 1.5% ~ 1.5% of the bait of basic raw materials, the existing six pathogenic bacteria caused by prawn "red legs disease prevention and control of China, is an ideal control effect, and disease shrimp feed throw bait on the active embrace, is conducive to play to the role of the drug, to improve the control effect, low residue, can be applied in the production; Li Ming is added in the basal feed, such as Chinese herbal medicine preparation, the compound Chinese herbal medicine additive of radix astragali, radix isatidis, honeysuckle, plaster stone 4 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 ratio of preparation, research shows that compound Chinese herbal medicine for all achieved the super oxide dismutase (sod), serum alkaline phosphatase, phenol has remarkable effect on oxide enzyme and lysozyme enzyme activity of the highest is 2.1% Chinese herbal medicine preparation group, vibrio poison attack test interval feeding and continuous feeding add 2. 1% of Chinese herbal medicine preparation group of immune protection were 50% and 79. 19%, higher than the control group and 27. 1% and 17. 2%; Gu and other studies have shown that in the early pathogenesis before or bait feeding appropriate drugs to prevent shrimp disease plays an important role in the popular application of drug sensitive slips method to study the Chinese herbal medicine water immersion on penaeus red legs disease pathogen growth inhibition, ebony completely inhibited the growth of the test strains the highest degree of dilution of 1:320, pomegranate peel to various strains of inhibition is also very strong, inhibit the growth of the highest degree of dilution of 1:1, 280; QinZhenLin will compound purslane (portulaca mainly made of compound preparations) added in feed feed cic South America white shrimp, can significantly improve the blood cells to consume energy, serum lysozyme activity, serum of phenol oxidase activity, to dissolve after tapping poison immune protection against v. could reach 40%; Xiao-xuan Chen use 1% of rhubarb and rhizoma coptidis mix bait feeding's original crayfish and red claw crayfish, make these two crayfish obviously improve the activity of red blood cells, and enhances the original crayfish's resistance to live vibrio, 2 species of crayfish nonspecific immune function has also been enhanced; Wen-ting guo is added in the basal feed, such as Chinese herbal medicine preparation made test of feed solution, using the method of continuous feeding, prawns have different degree to improve protein content in serum and enhanced the prawn disease resistance, Chinese herbal medicine preparation for all achieved the vice hemolysis vibrio poison immune protection against attack up to 65%; Leaf junan study of compound Chinese herbal medicine such as to cause serious damage to the prawn health prevention and control of vibrio disease has a very significant role, vibrio in vitro antibacterial test results show that in the dry, fructus ligustri lucidi, forsythia, compound preparations of light (a mixture of a variety of Chinese herbal medicine) bacteriostatic action, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) < 20 mg/ml, and cortex phellodendri, seven leaf flower, honeysuckle, cordate houttuynia, the leaf, yellow a bacteriostatic action is not obvious, MIC > 50 mg/ml. Will be 0. 7% compound preparations to add to the Chinese prawn granule feedstuff, treatment of vibrio infection prawn survival rate was 95%; Whole of rhizoma coptidis Zhang Shiyi will soil dried) 3 kg, 4 kg top ten credit (dry), groundsel (dry) 5 kg, the leaf 6 kg (dry), pennisetum narrow leaf (dry) 7 kg, 10 credit after 7 kg (dry), and other pieces, mix with 1, 000 kg of feed, both granules after feeding woolly prawns, respectively in two shrimp ponds prawn disease treatment and to top 2 shrimp ponds shrimp "red legs disease" has achieved satisfactory effects; Xu meimei, such as Chinese herbal medicine on penaeus chinensis "red legs disease pathogen inhibition, studies showed that all strains of skullcap, highly sensitive, rhizoma coptidis, cortex phellodendri, radix et rhizoma rhei, for garden burnet, bitter ginseng, wild chrysanthemum flower, according to the leaf, creat the moderate sensitive or sensitive. Honeysuckle, basil, liquorice, plantain, madder sensitivity varies between strains, and betel nut no bacteriostasis; Jin-yu shen add compound Chinese herbal medicine to the bait in the basis of penaeus chinensis, penaeus lysozyme activity, phenol oxidase activity increased, phagocytes to gobble up ability, effectively improve the body's immune status, to a certain extent, improve the body's nonspecific immunity, improve the disease resistance. About 1 month after oral immune prawn bait, with strong virulence soluble v. with 6 x 105 / ml to attack bacteria content, injection volume of 0. 5 ml/stern, oral immune bait set of shrimp immune protection against up to 89. 47%.
 
    2. 2 Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and cure of shrimp heavy moisture is a bacterial disease caused by bacterium
 
    Kai-yu pan will radix et rhizoma rhei, radix scutellariae, codonopsis, radix isatidis 10 aftertaste of compound drugs, after crushing, sieving, 1%, 2% and 3%, according to the proportion of added in the basal feed granules bait, can significantly enhance shrimp cells devouring percentage and index, serum lysozyme activity, improve the shrimp with thermophilic moisture attack poison immune protection against bacterium, chi-square test result shows that the extremely significant difference between experimental group and control group, showed that adding compound drugs can effectively prevent heavy moisture for shrimp of bacterium infection; Hui-xian wu use have significant bacteriostatic effect of Chinese herbal medicine such as radix scutellariae, gallnut can inhibit the Japanese spermatogenesis moisture strain of bacterium acidophilus, can choose the drug for disease treatment; A non-working will astragalus, codonopsis, radix et rhizoma rhei, radix isatidis 10 aftertaste, such as Chinese herbal medicine is made after crushing sieving compound additive, according to the proportion of 2% added in the basal feed granules bait feeding after roche spermatogenesis, roche spermatogenesis blood devouring percentage and index, serum lysozyme activity and phenol oxidase activity were significantly improved. After heavy moisture attack toxic bacterium, various experimental immune protection also increase significantly; Jiang Xin hair two times the test tube dilution method is used to study the herbal extract on common pathogens in vitro antibacterial effect of aquatic animals, the results showed that the extracts from radix et rhizoma rhei, radix scutellariae and radix isatidis on gas pathogen bacterium has strong antimicrobial effect, and weak the bacteriostatic action of gallnut.
 
    2. 3 Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and cure of shrimp disease caused by other bacteria
 
    Ren Peng etc. Use 2 mg/L Shi Ying pu dong decoction fluid and 2 mg/L in an decoction soaking liquid roche spermatogenesis, studies have shown that decoction liquid roche spermatogenesis mogget ball of yeast disease has obvious therapeutic effect; Sun Gongxiang wait for determination of 9 flavour and seven kinds of Chinese materia medica in the volatile composition of feed some minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of mold, was found in 9 kinds of Chinese traditional medicine with dried tangerine or orange peel, ageratum, folium artemisiae argyi anti-fungal activity is stronger, angelica dahurica, fennel is weak; Seven kinds of volatile components of cinnamic aldehyde, anise aldehyde, clove oil and vanillin has stronger bacteriostasis, among them the bacteriostatic action of cinnamic aldehyde and strongest and sorbic acid, peppermint oil, synthetic borneol and eucalyptus oil bacteriostatic effect is poorer.
 
    Three Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and cure of shrimp disease parasites
 
    Parasitic disease is also one of the important diseases of aquaculture, the damage it is second only to bacterial diseases, including ciliate and pinch off insect damage. Jia-yun yao system solvent polarity method is utilized to extract the heavy floor, such as preparation of crude extract. Research has shown that heavy floor methanol extracts of killing ciliate strongest. Methanol extract concentration when the floor to 45 mg/L, the parasitic ciliate on roche spermatogenesis (pinch off insect and boots) killing rate is 100%; Yin Lunfu etc. Research shows that when the concentration of bitter and splashing at the end of the 15 mg/L, can kill ciliate, dosage is bigger; Kai-yu pan will be bitter ginseng, radix et rhizoma rhei, radix stemonae, cyrtomium rhizome, Chinese gall, crushed into separate, at the end of the mixed at a certain proportion, the effective ingredients were extracted with distilled water decoction of Chinese herbal medicine, with 15 mg/L of Chinese herbal medicine mixture soak prawns, China can effectively kill pinch off insects and not poison penaeus chinensis.
 
    4 look
 
    Shrimp virus disease research starts late in our country, although in recent years, research of prawn virus disease has made great progress, but there are still many problems in the production of not completely solved. Most of existing the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine research on the basis of the single dose of Chinese traditional medicine technical or compound Chinese herbal medicine, rarely effective ingredient can be determined. Contain a variety of effective components of Chinese herbal medicine itself, its immune enhancement effects on aquatic animals is a result of the combined action of multiple components, and different areas, different seasons and different time acquisition of the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine difference is very big, the product is difficult to accurately efficacy evaluation and quality control. No strict quality control standards, it is difficult to ensure the quality of produce stable finalize the design product. 
 
    Chinese herbal medicine is the precious wealth of our country medicine, chemical medicines in today's increasingly restricted cultivation circumstances, should strengthen the application of traditional Chinese medicine research. First of all, should further strengthen the existing study on the relationship between the fishery drugs application effect and the conditions of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to improve the effect of the use of the existing fishery drugs; Secondly, should promote effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine research, developed with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible new fishery drugs; Finally, should strengthen the Chinese and western medicine combination of prevention and cure of shrimp disease research.