General office of national health and family planning commission

About print and distribute \"Chinese citizens' health literacy, basic knowledge and skills (2015 edition)\"

The 2016-01-06 national health and population and family planning commission of the People's Republic of China

Countries who do publicity letter [2015] no. 1188

Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government health and family planning commission, the xinjiang production and construction corps bureau of health, population and family planning commission, the committee authority departments, directly affiliated and contact unit:

Health literacy refers to the individual and understand basic health information and services, and use the information and services to make the right decisions, with the ability to maintain and promote their health. In 2008, the ministry of health issued a \"Chinese citizens' health literacy, basic knowledge and skills (try out)\". For residents in our country in recent years, the change of the major health problems and health needs, by organizing experts to revise, compiled \"Chinese citizens' health literacy, basic knowledge and skills (2015 edition)\" (which can be downloaded from the national health and family planning commission web site). Printed and distributed to you now, please combined the actual work, completes the propaganda popularization, promoting the health literacy level.

General office of national health and family planning commission

On December 30, 2015

Health literacy for all Chinese citizens

Basic knowledge and skills (2015) -

A, the basic knowledge and concept

1. Health is not merely the absence of disease or weakness, but a good state of physical, psychological and social adaptation.

2. Everyone has the duty to maintain their own and others' health, healthy lifestyle to maintain and promote their health.

3. The environment is closely related to health, environmental protection, health promotion.

4. The unpaid blood donation, selfish to help others.

5. Everyone should care for and help sick people, not discrimination.

6. Regular health checks.

7. Adult normal blood pressure for systolic bp 90 mmHg and 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure or greater < 60 mmHg and 90 mmHg; The axillary temperature is 36 ℃ ~ 37 ℃; Quiet breathing 16 ~ 20 times/min; The heart rate of 60 ~ 100 times/min.

8. Vaccination is to prevent some infectious disease the most effective, most economic measures, children born after shall, in accordance with the immunization vaccination program.

9. Before the flu season influenza vaccination can reduce the chance of suffering from flu or alleviate after flu symptoms.

10. HIV/AIDS, hepatitis b and c in three ways: blood, sexual contact and mother to child transmission, daily life and work contact will not spread.

Mainly through 11. Tuberculosis patients cough, sneeze, speak loudly and so on the droplet transmission; Cough, cough phlegm, for more than 2 weeks, or blood in phlegm, shall timely check whether had tuberculosis.

12. Stick to standard treatment, can cure most TB patients, and can effectively prevent the generation of drug-resistant TB.

13. In schistosomiasis endemic areas, contact with contaminated water should be avoided; After contact with contaminated water, it shall timely for inspection or accept preventive treatment.

14. The domestic dog, a cat should be vaccinated animal with rabies vaccine; People are bitten by the dog, cat scratches, after should immediately flush the wound, and as soon as possible, the injection of rabies immunoglobulin (or serum) and people with a rabies vaccine.

15. Mosquitoes, flies, mice, cockroaches will spread disease.

16. They do not have the dead livestock to report, processing, and don't eat dead animals, don't eat wild animals.

17. Pay close attention to changes in blood pressure, control of hypertension risk factors, patients with high blood pressure must learn to self health management.

18. Attention to blood sugar change, control the risk factors for diabetes, diabetic patients should strengthen the health management.

19. Take an active part in cancer screening, early detection of cancer and precancerous lesions.

20. Everyone is likely to depression and anxiety, the correct understanding of depression and anxiety.

21. Take care of the elderly, the elderly fall prevention, and to identify old age dementia.

22. Choose safe and effective contraceptive measures, reduce artificial abortion, caring about women's reproductive health.

23. The health food is not a drug, correct choose health food.

24. The workers for jobs and harmful factors existing in the work environment, observe operating instructions and pay attention to personal protection, avoid occupational injuries.

25. The laborers engaged in poisonous and harmful type of work shall have the right to occupational protection.

Second, a healthy lifestyle and behavior

26. A healthy lifestyle includes rational diet, exercise, quit smoking alcohol, psychological balance four aspects.

27. Maintaining a healthy weight, avoid overweight and obesity.

28. The diet should give priority to with cereals, eat more vegetables, fruit and potato, hun vegetable collocation, thickness.

29. Advocate daily consumption of milk, beans and its products.

30. Dietary is delicate, less oil, less salt, less sugar, eat qualified iodized salt.

31. Pay attention to water and sanitation, adequate drinking water every day.

32. Birth, deli to separate storage and processing, raw fruits and vegetables to wash, do not eat metamorphism, exceed the shelf life of food.

33. Adults should carry out daily step 6 ~ 10000 equivalent of physical activity, the move is beneficial, in.

34. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure causes cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and other diseases.

35 \"low tar cigarette\", \"Chinese herbal cigarette\" cannot reduce the harms brought by smoking.

36. Any age to quit smoking, quit smoking the sooner the better, quit smoking outpatient service can provide professional services.

37. Drinking less, not drinking alcohol.

38. The prescribed using sedative hypnotic drug addiction and analgesic drugs, prevention of drug dependence.

39. Say no to drugs.

40. Mix, guarantee 7 ~ 8 hours of sleep a day.

41. The value and maintain mental health, psychological problems should take the initiative to seek help.

42. Wash your hands frequently, often take a shower, brush your teeth, gargle after the meal in the morning and evening, not sharing towels and toiletries.

43. According to the weather and air quality, timely and ventilated, maintain indoor air circulation.

44. Not smoking in public places, spitting, cough, sneeze cover mouth and nose.

45. Rural use sanitary toilets, manage human and animal feces.

46. The scientific treatment, timely diagnosis and treatment in accordance with the doctor's advice, rational treatment and treatment results.

47. The rational use of drugs, can not intramuscular injection of oral, can not infusion intramuscular injection, under the guidance of using antibiotics.

48. Wear a helmet, wear your seat belt, speeding, drunken driving, not fatigue driving, reduce road traffic injuries.

49. Strengthen care and education, to avoid children close to the dangerous waters, drowning prevention.

50. Notice winter heating ventilation, prevent gas poisoning.

51. Take the initiative to accept premarital and pregnancy care, pregnancy should accept prenatal examination and hospital delivery 5 times at least.

52. The children should start as early as possible after birth breastfeeding, reasonable to add consisting in full 6 months.

53. Through play parent-child communication, promote the development of early childhood, found that psychological behavior development problems to the intervention as soon as possible.

54. The teenagers in a critical period of physical and mental development, to develop a healthy lifestyle behavior, prevention of myopia, overweight and obesity, avoid Internet addiction and premature sexual activity.

Three, the basic skills

55. Pay attention to health information, to be able to access to health information, understanding, identifying and application.

56. Can understand food, medicine, health food labels and specifications.

57. Identifies common risk identification, such as high pressure, inflammable, explosive, poisonous, radioactive, biological safety, away from danger.

58. Will pulse and axillary temperature measurement.

59. The correct use of condoms, reduce the risk of HIV infection, venereal disease, preventing unwanted pregnancy.

60. Properly stored and the correct use of toxic substances such as pesticides, watch the child contact.

Call 120 61. Seek emergency medical help, for health consulting service call 12320.

62. The wound healing blood loss is large, it shall immediately stop bleeding, bind up; Don't move easily on suspected fracture of the wounded.

63. In breath and cardiac arrest patients, to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

64. The rescue when get an electric shock, to cut off power supply first, don't direct contact with the electric shock.

65. There is a fire, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, low appearance escape; Fire calls, 119.

66. During an earthquake, choose the right way to shock and carried out almost immediately after the quake rescue.