Vaccine: resist disease protective screen

April 1, 2016

Source: People's Daily - the People's Daily overseas edition

Recently, shandong "vaccine" incident caused widespread attention, some parents began to doubt the safety of the vaccine, and said not willing to give their children vaccinated. The world health organization (who) immunology, experts say, "vaccine" just can't prevent disease, is not toxic, suggested that parents continue to through China's "expanded programme on immunization vaccination for children," to prevent disease. Basic medical college of Peking University, deputy director of the department of immune yue-dan wang said that society should strengthen the science popularization work of vaccines and immunology, allow the public to understand the vaccine, be safe, effective and appropriate use of vaccine.

Why do you want to vaccination?

Since 1978, our country began to implement immunization programmes, through children's immunity, the measles, pertussis, diphtheria, polio, tetanus, tuberculosis, and decreasing the onset of 6 kinds of infectious diseases around 300 million passengers, to reduce the morbidity associated with 4 million people. In 2000 the national achieve free of polio. Vaccine preventable infectious diseases has fallen to historic lows. Since the 21st century, the hepatitis b vaccine and hepatitis a vaccine, epidemic encephalitis vaccine, je vaccine have been incorporated into national immunization programmes.

Yue-dan wang said that the vaccine is a biological product, can make the person of the body after inoculation is produced on a particular disease immunity of biological agents. The principle was established through vaccination, the body's adaptive immune response to the appropriate pathogens, really meet the pathogens, the body can effectively produce immune response to the pathogen, eliminate pathogens, so as to protect human health.

Yue-dan wang said that the vaccine is the most effective prevention of infectious diseases, the most economical means, is an important weapon of man's triumph over infectious diseases, must not give up easily vaccination. And illegal operations vaccine only the personal behavior of individuals, for vaccine production and operation in our country and the use of strict management measures, therefore, our country most is safe and effective vaccine, can be at ease to choose according to need to use.

Experts stressed that the baby is born, brought from maternal immunity will gradually weaken, vulnerable to the outside world a variety of infectious diseases. Will start after the baby was born, therefore, vaccination, especially before the age of 1, almost every month to have vaccine immunization. Timely vaccination can prevent the disease to the child, therefore, vaccines, let children themselves produce specific resistance of these diseases as soon as possible, to improve children's ability to resist disease and to resist the encroachment of bacteria, viruses, protect the body health.

Preventive vaccination can not only protect the child health from diseases, also greatly reduces the mental pressure of the parents and family economic burden. Because some diseases can be effectively prevented through vaccination, but once the infection can not be cured, poisoned legacy can lead to permanent disability, or a lifetime or even death, such as polio (polio), je epidemic, hepatitis b, meningitis, etc. The eradication of smallpox and polio in China, these two diseases are the result of the effective vaccine.

The expert reminds, vaccine safety issues should be pay more attention to, but if the isolate, let the children refused to vaccine from then on, will bring more damage.

China is a country with one of the world's highest vaccination coverage, the implementation of "expanded programme on immunization using vaccine is safe and effective, through vaccination, can prevent more than 10 kinds of infectious disease poses a major threat to children's health.

What's the difference between the type of vaccine and 2 kinds of vaccines?

The vaccine is divided into two types: traditional vaccines and new vaccines. Including inactivated vaccine and live attenuated vaccines; New vaccines, including genetic engineering vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine, subunit vaccine, DNA vaccine and therapeutic vaccine, etc.

According to the regulations on the administration of circulation of vaccines and vaccination, the vaccine management is divided into two categories: type of vaccine is also called the planned vaccines, refers to the government to provide citizens free, citizens shall, in accordance with government regulations by kinds of vaccines, including national immunization programmes to determine the vaccine; The provincial government in the implementation of an increase in national immunization programmes vaccines; Governments at or above the county level or the administrative department of public health emergency vaccination or used by the mass vaccination vaccine. At present, the vaccine is given priority to with children's routine immunization vaccination, including hepatitis b vaccine, attenuated BCG, polio vaccine, DPT vaccine, etc.

2 kinds of vaccine is also called an unplanned vaccine, refers to by citizens at his own expense and voluntarily by other vaccines. 2 kinds of vaccine sort is more, including the chickenpox vaccine, influenza vaccine, haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, oral rotavirus vaccine, pneumonic vaccine, polio inactivated vaccine, rabies vaccine, etc.

Type of vaccine and 2 kinds of vaccine does not exist differences in quality or function, just different administration. Regardless of the type of vaccine and 2 kinds of vaccine can prevent the corresponding diseases. As different parts of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases and the fiscal situation, the future a lot of 2 kinds of vaccines will be incorporated in the type of vaccine. Therefore, parents need not taboo 2 kinds of vaccines, as long as to select qualified to ensure regular vaccination can vaccination units.

Vaccine is more delicate, such as fear of hot, afraid of light, sometimes some vaccine still afraid of cold. For transport in the vaccine to be used in the cold chain. In general, if not in the process of storage and transportation of the vaccine cold chain, the activity of the vaccine will be affected more or less, but also with it outside in the cold chain length and temperature. As to whether there will be without the cold-chain transport vaccine immunization, need comprehensive two factors, one is the need to investigate violations of transportation of the vaccine cold chain, 2 it is need to investigate suspected immunization abnormal reaction monitoring information management system.

The shandong "vaccine" cases, involved are all belong to the category of vaccine, the vaccine and biological products for normal manufacturer production, but as a result of not in accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations transportation, save, cut off from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius temperature cold chain, has been difficult to ensure its quality and using effect, even may cause side effects after injection.

Can also take children go to dozen vaccine?

"Vaccine" case against China who said recently, learned that China's "expanded immunization planning using vaccine is safe and effective, and through vaccination has been eliminated polio and neonatal tetanus, using Chinese vaccine can make disease incidence rate is in low level. Who encourages Chinese parents, continue through routine vaccination to protect children from the harmful effects of the disease.

Experts said, China for vaccination points have qualification certification, need approved by county level administrative departments and the competent department of health supervision at all levels. The parents with children, it is best to regular service of formal vaccination units provide vaccine immunization; If it is 2 kinds of vaccine may require the vaccine inoculation provided relevant vouchers and batch number information, etc., do not pursue cheap, trusting no qualification of clinic and individuals.

Who emphasized that vaccines should correct storage and management, otherwise will lose or lower effect. But it is important to note that incorrect storage or expired vaccine is almost not caused toxic effects. Therefore, in this case, the vaccine safety risk is very low, children face the risk lies in the lack of disease prevention ability.

Experts said the vaccine, under normal circumstances is not to say that everyone have protection, because the vaccine is the main function of a group. Such as polio, after completing a sugar pill if there is a 80% to 85% succeeded, polio will be blocked, and wiped out. If everyone go to dozen vaccine, we established the crowd barrier, if part of the vaccine, part not dozen vaccine, the disease may be popular in the future. So to control an infectious disease, in terms of vaccination, especially national immunization programmes vaccine use, must keep a very high coverage. If coverage is not high, so the disease will be popular.

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Vaccination, what is the role?

If the invention and application of antibiotics, the human has the ability of the resistance to infectious diseases, the invention and application of the vaccine is that humans have the ability to eliminate infectious diseases. No matter how clean the environment, many still can spread of infectious diseases. If not immunized, some have not common diseases, such as polio and measles, also will soon reappear.

Some people can't play the vaccine?

There is. Make vaccine contraindications to generally divided into two categories, one kind is contraindications to temporarily; Another kind is absolute contraindications. Is hot or general disease acute stage it belongs to "temporarily contraindications. The baby can be reseeding after disease rehabilitation. However, if the baby has immune function defect, belongs to the vaccination of live attenuated "absolute contraindications"; Allergic constitution vaccination carefully, if allergic to vaccine contains ingredients known taboo the vaccine. Have contraindications to vaccination may be abnormal reaction, and even life-threatening, so vaccination to truthfully inform before the baby health.

After vaccination should pay attention to what?

Should not leave immediately after inoculation, should the vaccination units under observation 30 minutes; Should be more rest after inoculation, drink water more, pay attention to clean at the injection site, in case of local infection; After inoculation for reactions such as fever, swelling pain, except for the symptomatic treatment should also inform the vaccination units related records with a physician, confuses a possible > 38.5 ℃ high temperature or persistent fever for days or other serious circumstances, should go to hospital in time, in case of delay the disease; Doubt vaccination reactions occur, should be timely reported to the vaccination units.

Why under observation for 30 minutes?

After vaccination, due to the individual, the few allergic reactions may occur. Monitoring data show that the anaphylactic shock occurs mostly in 30 minutes after inoculation. Anaphylactic shock, if is not in the scope of medical personnel monitoring may occur lives, vaccination site is equipped with the doctor and emergency medicine.