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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) around papaya (47) disease resistance to disease

Papaya (scientific name: Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne) : rosaceae papaya, shrubs or small trees, up to 5-10 meters, leaf blade elliptic ovate or oblong, rare obovate, 5-8 cm long, 3.5 5.5 cm wide, petiole 5-10 mm, slightly pilose, glandular dentate; Fruit oblong, 10-15 cm long, dark yellow, woodiness, taste fragrance, short stem. April flowering, fruiting 9 to October.

Shandong, shaanxi, hubei, jiangxi, anhui, jiangsu, zhejiang, guangdong, guangxi.

Modalities cultivated for ornamental fruit flavour is acerbity, boiled or impregnation liquid sugar for food, medicine therapy, to phlegm, with gas, check the effect of flow field. Dry skin is smooth, not shrinking, so there is light skin papaya. The wood is hard to make a bedpost.

Another origin of the species in South America "papaya", the seventeenth century was introduced into China and has become a popular fruit, are often referred to as "papaya" (see article "papaya"), the only Chinese traditional "papaya".

The basic information

Chinese name

papaya

Sp.

ChaenomelessinensisKoehne

Nickname (s)

Pawpaw, melon

world

Plant kingdom

The door

Angiosperms door

The outline

Dicotyledonous plants

subclass

The original perianth subclass

Orders,

rosales

suborder

Rose suborder

Families,

rosaceae

subfamily

Apple subfamily

Belong to

Papaya is a

Kind of

papaya

Distribution area

Agriculture is sichuan, hubei, anhui, zhejiang

highly

20 cm ~ 1.5 m

The flower size

About 2 cm

flowering

April 12 ~

Design and color

Red, pink, white, and miscellaneous

Method of use

Potted plants, yard, cut flowers

The name origin

A Japanese called "fool", also called "papaya"

Compendium of materia medica - papaya

"ShiMing" (mau).

When Jane yue: press: ", "cloud:, papaya. Shanhaijing summarized note cloud: solid wood such as small melon, juice and edible. The name of the papaya The righteous also. Or cloud: papaya acid, wood of upright so named. Also pass. From Lin, spear, and symphony.

"Set solution" prescient yue: papaya, pulled lanting, especially for people who think that a good fruit. Have this again, big and yellow. Have this son, small and astringent. "The ritual" cloud: this, pear of the drill. Ancient also for this fruit, now is not.

Cover up yue: the dendritic like Nai, flower children, like Gua fructus, fire dry very sweet. This child is like pear juice, jiang outside is often eat fruit.

Ode: papaya, everywhere, and xuancheng is preferred. Wood, like Nai, late spring flowering, deep red. Actually predators such as melons, outsiders such as boxing, yellow like the powder. Phuong especially to xuan, over the valley. Beginning of reality into the arrowheads in paper flowers glued on, night dew, baking, gradient red, flower as raw. The state soil filling gong, it is regarded as xuancheng take papaya. Between this cool kind of papaya, but don't have a heavy Such as milk for papaya, no for this also.

Yue: papaya really thin skin, red and yellow color, fragrance and is acerbity acerbity, not its lining to the tip, side to side, food yi people. With mariko, color yellow, thick, its small circle, bitter salty, hurt more. With shoots, small, taste unique acerbity, unbearable.

Screw driver with soil, taste unique bitter, such as details of oil flax, the bait is acerbity, eye red muscle pain also.

Zong yue: west big Chinese flowering quince, its taste and beauty, until cooked a bluish white, medicine unique active, wins and xuanzhou, light.

Jane: papaya can kind of can meet, when can branch pressure. Laid the light and strong, in fact, such as small melon and nose, tianjin embellish flavour is not wood, papaya; Round is less than the papaya, wood and trample acerbity, for the peach; Papaya and no nose, is greater than the peach, flavour is acerbity, lee for wood, also pear wood, i.e. this and and mariko. Nose is take off, the navel also. Crisp papaya, but honey for fruit stains. To child steamed rot, mash into honey and ginger decoction, during drinking is a plus. Honey peach wood, wood lee sex strong, can cook and make cakes to eat. Papaya burning ash scattered In the pool, can poison fish, "huai nan wan bi art". And "guang" cloud: papaya branch, a foot 120 section, for the staff

"Shuhei yue:" whoever makes the papaya, not made of iron, copper knife cut to hardcover and son, slice dried, yellow milk when Jane yue: but slice dried medicine today. Press: "daming reign: xuanzhou SuiGong wu bad bug eat by moth papaya into the pharmacy. Also take its Chen Jiu no wood gas, such as chestnut to wood gas Boyle.

"Smell" acid, temperature, non-toxic.

Think following yue: sour, salty, warm and dry. Agreeable freedom, not eating, loss of teeth, bone.

"Attending" wet bi pathogens, cholera vomiting, twitch (" don't record "). Hong Kong foot up heart, take a tender, to the son, decoction, the better. Under the strong physique, air conditioning, anti-nausea inverse, heart diaphragmatic phlegm salivary, xiaoshi, check after water thirsty, for YinFu (" hidden "). Stop children rush dolphin, and edema, hot and cold flow field, heart abdominal pain (Ming). The camp guard, help valley gas (rem). Moisture and stomach, AIDS to spleen and lung, treat abdominal distension was good by heart the new (old).

"Invention" Gao yue: papaya, starting with, foot points, lunar blood gas can, and can and.

The most cure twitch prescient yue: papaya. Such as twitch, but first and book papaya words, all the more. This nor the solution.

Layman on papaya rod, cloud was reinforced the tibia.

Zong yue: papaya wood is that acid into the liver, so yi jin and blood. Lumbar kidney disease foot knee weakness, and for all. Person with lead frost or hu powder coating, the juice taste, without slag, cover of gold is made also.

When Jane yue: papaya main cholera, vomit, twitch, athlete's foot, spleen and stomach disease, liver disease also. Liver is the main reinforcement, and twitch Is caused by damp and hot, cold dampness evil attack injury taste, so the reinforcement will turn from phil. Phil and tendons are Yang Ming. Papaya cure twitch, not yi jin also, spleen and cut the liver. Soil disease is golden failure and wood, with acid for dissipation of spleen and lung, and borrow to go bar in their flat Liver evil, are diarrhea wood to grant also in the soil. Horizontal soil to make gold by the shadow. "Element asked" cloud: acid reinforcement. No feed more acid muscle disease. Meng agreeable freedom cloud: eating papaya, loss of teeth, bone. Ming test of clearing liver and papaya, foot lunar, as the spleen, lung, liver medicine, yi can sign. And the needle through the cloud: eating acid, Long. Acid in the stomach, the gas is acerbity, with closing on the two focal, into the stomach, bladder, cell with soft, thin acid is tightly curled, about the impassability, waterways and Long acerbity adverse also. Cloud: "Chinese ancient luo tianyi" Pacific Liu Zhonghai eclipse honey Fried papaya three, five, companion several people all disease disease, to ask it. Tianyi acid caused by yue: the food, but food has. Yin, the five tastes; Yin of the camp, and in five. Five tastes too, all can hurt, make acid also. And enclosures lu "Pi ya pear cloud: common words loss a profit, the profit loss. Therefore, "poem" cloud: cast I'm in papaya. Take the good also.

"Attached" old two, new ten.

A strong gluten would turn side, second liver and kidney by the wind, also use xuanzhou papaya two (taking cover to the pulp), two two myrrh, milk incense Two and a half. Two flavor into the papaya bound, rice steamed on three or four times, bad research into paste. Each with three money, born in rehmannia juice half light, two ash free wine, warming warm clothing. Xu Shuwei cloud: some of it, since the afternoon, at dusk. To call a first from the foot. Feet shaoyin muscles from self-sufficiency to the item. Of liver and muscle. Today to in the evening, Yang within Yin, lung. Since the from to the dollar, weak Yin wang zhen Yang. So the cloud: from the spi finish act to dry, kidney and diseases with the weak. Second liver and kidney by the evil, so in this time. To grant the and DouLiang pills, clothing and more. (" skill party ")

Hong Kong feet swell: use papaya slice, the capsule is filled. GuangDe gouin, hamstring nasty leg swollen with Hong Kong. Because of the boat, was attached a bag of foot pavilion medical record)

My foot cramps, few rockets with papaya, evenly divided with wine, water, boil and dao cream, take ReTie on pain, with wrapped silks. Cold in namely, day 3, 5 degrees. (compendium of material medica) diet

Umbilical colic: papaya under three piece, mulberry leaves seven piece, jujube three. 3 litres of water, boil half a litre, namely the more. (" diet ")

Pediatric hole flow field, papaya dao juice, suit. (the daughter)

Cholera twitch: papaya one or two, a litre of wine, a decoction. Nondrinkers, decoct soup. Still decoct soup, dip green cloth wrapped their feet. (SAN hui)

Cholera abdominal pain: papaya five money, mulberry leaves three piece, a jujube meat. The water decoction. (the holy benevolence formulae)

Four steamed papaya pill three the liver, kidney, spleen qi deficiency, for the wind through wet muscle, empty into the channels and collaterals. Every encounter six more change, seven emotions, to start, or swollen, or obstinate arlhralgia, hate cold and hot, vomiting since sweat, cholera to vomit. The xuanzhou four big papaya, cut gouge cover empty to use: a deeper into yellow, radix dipsaci half at the end of the two within; A into the rhizoma atractylodis, evenly within two to the end of the orange peel; A into the black, yellow pine section at the end of the half and two in the (yellow pine is god eight center wood also); A into the clematis root, bitter draba nemorosa half at the end of the two within.

To cover the original hairpin, drenched in wine, steamed, sun into an ancient, three, three steaming, drying, dao in the late to elm peel, water, and at the end of the paste pill as wutong child. Take 50 each pill, he drank, soup with salt. (" the imperial medicine hospital ")

Kidney empty cold, gas attack, abdominal swelling in pain. Thirty pieces with large papaya, peeled, nuclear, gouge out empty, to delicately fragranced, at the end of the blue Salt at the end of the fill a kilo, buy cage steamed, beaten cream, two jins of search and chopped into the new ai, pill as wutong child. Drinking from thirty pills per meter, day 2. (the holy dhi total record)

Oiled hair shall not ze: papaya, comb my hair. (the holy benevolence formulae)

The flower hemorrhoids: papaya is at the end of the stripping adjustment in eel, paste, paper to cover. (" cure a wood set to ")

In ticks: with papaya slice, spread under seats. (fairy "hidden")

Papaya nuclear

"Attending" cholera fidgety short of breath, every chewing 7, warm water of pharynx (Jane. When the "SAN hui").

Branch, leaf, peel, root

"Smell" and acid, acerbity, temperature, non-toxic.

"Attending" boil juice drink, and to stop cholera, swallow, twitch, cure athlete's foot (" don't record "). Branches, rod, the Hindu kush. Root, leaf, soup pour sufficient shank, can have is a sign of weakness. Wood barrel footbath, very good people (sung). Branches and leaves boil juice drink, cure heat flow field (when Jane. "daughter").

flowers

"Attending" surface black powder chamber (see and).

The basic information

Rosaceae papaya for deciduous trees, up to 7 m tall, without branches;

Branchlets cylindric, amaranth, petticoats pale yellow villous; Falls off shortly, amaranth, biennial branches glabrous, puce; Winter buds semicircle, apex obtuse, glabrous, a maroon. Behind traces of papaya fruit shape (rosaceae) significantly. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptical oblong, 5 ~ 9 cm long, 3 ~ 6 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate or subrounded, margin thrust mans finely serrate, teeth end glands, surface glabrous, young along sparsely pilose on veins, as densely yellow-white hairs on the back; Stipes stout, 1-1.5 cm long, was yellow-white hairs on both sides of the above with club-shaped glands; Stipule membranous, elliptic-lanceolate, 7 ~ 15 mm long, apex acuminate, margin glandular teeth, covered with soft hairs along veins. Flowers solitary in short shoot side, 2.5 to 3 cm in diam.; Pedicel short, 5 ~ 10 mm long, glabrous; Hypanthium glabrous outside; Calyx lobes triangular, lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, apex long acuminate, margin sparsely glandular teeth, glabrous or sparsely pilose outside, inside densely covered with light brown hair, than hypanthium long, fruit reflex; Flowers reddish; Stamens ca. 5 mm long; Style ca. 6 mm long, pilose. Pome long oval shape, 10 ~ 15 cm long, deep yellow and with luster, pulp wood, tiny acid, astringent taste, fragrant, short stem. April flowering, fruiting 9 ~ 10 months.

Classification is introduced

Papaya plants

This genus is papaya papaya haitang, quince wrinkled skin papaya (), several kinds of temperate woody plant is native to China, the fruit is edible, medicinal, design and color is beautiful at the same time, also for viewing; They are mentioned in the traditional culture, poetry of papaya, such as the "book of songs" in the sentence "vote for me to papaya, with QiongJu".

Papaya fruit

For papaya papaya genera plants, native to southeast Asia, probably in the 17th century in the late Ming dynasty was introduced into China, because of the shape similar to the papaya, so the name "papaya", is also edible and medicinal, but not for viewing.

A small plants bearing fruit (shaped like mushroom niang)

Can be found in many parts of the country of origin is unknown, in yunnan. Annuals, plant height is less than one meter, fruit shaped like a "mushroom niang". After crushing, filtering, point whitewash some processing can be transparent, like jelly solidification body, edible, but there is no special taste. Add brown sugar water, rose sugar can increase the taste - papaya cold water, is the feature of yunnan are everywhere. Method cannot take an examination of origin, can be the most Chinese own jelly. For making such complicated reasons, only the yunnan people know this plant and its method of use.

After the introduction of modern processing technology, the market can buy "papaya powder", as long as join above 70 ℃ hot water or juice and stir well, then cool and solidified, save a lot of the production process.

Identification method

Character identification

Fruit takes the buttock into half oblong, 4 -- 9 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, 1-2.5 cm thick. Outside surface purple or reddish brown, with irregular deep wrinkles; Profile margins curled inward, red brown colored center part of the sag, tan. Seeds oblong triangular, much loss, qualitative hard. Micro scent, acid taste. As solid, flavour acid is preferred.

Microscopical identification of powder characteristics: palm red.

1. The stone cells in groups or single scattered, colorless, pale yellow

Or orange. In round, rectangular, long, long elliptic, triangular or rounded, 12-82 microns in diameter, length and 136 microns thickness 5-20 microns, layer lines most obvious, hole groove, a few branches, some cell containing brown or reddish brown.

2. Flesh parenchyma cells often broken, walls thicker, shrivel, cell containing yellow brown or dark brown.

3. The fiber bundle, and sometimes on the lower staggered, light yellow or yellow, end more obtuse, 11-27 microns in diameter, wall layer 5-12 microns, lignification, cell containing brown.

4. Mesocarp parenchyma cells, light yellow or brown, occasionally contain tiny calcium oxalate Fang Jing.

5. Skin epidermal cells of section view shows class rectangle, outside wall thickness 14-32 microns, keratinization, small lumen, with reddish brown.

6. Pigment yellow brown or brown.

7. Reticulate, threaded pipe, 5-27 microns in diameter, wall thickness about 2 microns

The physical and chemical identification

1, take the product powder 1 g, add 10 ml 70% ethanol, heating reflux 1 h, the filtrate for test: take 1 ml, filtrate zhenggan residue with acetic anhydride 1 ml to dissolve, pour into the test tube along the tube wall add 1 to 2 drops of sulfuric acid two fluid interface show purple ring, the upper liquid show tan saponins (inspection); The filtrate drops on the filter paper, wait for dry, spraying aluminium chloride solution, after drying, observed under uv lamp (365 nm), blue fluorescence. (check the yellow ketone)

8. TLC take samples of 2 g powder, add 14 ml0. 5% ethanol, hydrochloric acid baths to reflux 10 min, hot filtration (if you don't return, can be put in room temperature for 24 h after filtration), the filtrate for some samples. Another to malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, vitamin C in comparison. On the silica gel G plate with some samples, the chloroform - acetone - methanol (2:7:4) as developing agent, show a distance of 10 cm. With bromocresol green try liquid or methyl red liquid as chromogenic agent, the sample and reference substance in the same position explicit yellow spots or red spots.

Growth habit

Sunny, soil fertile, humid and drainage good place to grow, also can use a headland, sloping fields, planting behind the house, into the cultivation, according to plant 1 m * 2 m open hole spacing, papaya root soil into shallow, tillering ability, from the roots can grow many shoot every year. After 1-2 years cultivating and sizes of engraftment. The head can colonize directly.

Folding editing this section the basic effect

Sexual flavour: temperature and acid taste.

By: for liver, spleen by.

Function: relaxes the muscles and stimulate blood circulation and stomach wet.

Antiviral efficacy

Generally, the deeper the color the price of fruit and vegetables

The higher the value, papaya flesh red, contains a lot of carotene, carrot vegetarian a natural antioxidant, can be effective against destroy the cells of the body, often eat papaya can also achieve the effect of cancer.

Papaya whitening, breast enhancement beauty effect. Can be eaten raw, can also be cooked food, both breast enhancement effect is better or worse is uncertain. Could use a fresh papaya stew or a steamed papaya, with honey is a good choice.

The effect of papaya and skin beauty, papaya temperature is not cold is not dry, can make human body to absorb the nutrition more fully, make skin bright and tender, reduce wrinkles make complexion is ruddy. Papaya can knot good gas, also have the function of the thirst quenching, hot in the summer can eat papaya, can heat can still cough, can supplement moisture of the body.

The effect of rock sugar papaya has clear heat runfei, suitable for hot dry cough, lung conditions such as heat boredom. Will go after skin cut into pieces, papaya seeds, the papaya into the pot and then add some rock sugar stew, 20 minutes after drinking sugar papaya can effectively supplement the body's nutrients, strengthen the body's resistance to disease.

Papaya is familiar fruit, not only taste sweet and fragrant, but also the effect of health and beauty. Enzyme in papaya, contain A variety of elements, vitamins (vitamin and minerals, and is one of the most abundant vitamin vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C and vitamin E.

According to a report by the timesofindia, if time eating papaya, there will be some important benefits to the body:

1, papaya nutritious, low in calories, so on

Most of the people to lose weight there is profit;

2, papaya can help cure skin injury or other trauma;

3, papaya and anti-inflammatory compounds, also have anti-cancer effect, for osteoporosis, arthritis and edema, best regularly eating papaya, at the same time can prevent cancer.

4, papaya can also help the health of the scalp and hair, the intake of papaya can help hair growth and prevent dandruff scale (head);

5, papaya is one of the most efficacy detoxification method, eat papaya can discharge the toxin inside body;

6, to suffer from constipation, and indigestion of the patient, eat papaya can alleviate the symptoms.

Component is introduced

Papaya ingredient: papaya alkali, papain, papain rennet, tomato hydrocarbon, vitamin B, C, E, sugar, protein, fat, carotene, cryptoxanthin, butterfly MeiHuangSu, implicit Huang Suhuan ammoniation content, etc.

Avoid tie-in appropriate

Fitting for gold

Square root papaya milk + = to eliminate fatigue, skin beauty

Square root papaya + hairtail = tonifying qi and nourishing blood

Square root papaya + lotus seed = nourish the lung, jianwei benefit spleen

Square root papaya + corn = prevent chronic nephritis and coronary heart disease

Square root papaya + pork = help to absorb the protein

Phase grams of taboo is tie-in

X papaya + pumpkin = lower nutritional value

Modern research

Main ingredients

Containing oleanolic acid, papaya, saponins, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins. The seeds contain hydrocyanic acid.

Pharmacological effects

1. The effect on the liver Papaya granule can reduce rats

Subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride liver cells caused by lipid and liver cell necrosis, prevent liver cell swelling, and become the balloon samples, can promote the liver cell repair, SGPT significantly reduced.

2. The antibacterial activity Experiments show that: papaya has strong antimicrobial effect, for a variety of intestinal bacteria and had a significant inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus, on pneumococci and n/med tuberculosis bacili also has obvious inhibitory effect. Papaya acid concentration (1:4) has inhibitory effect to the rickettsia tsutsugamushi disease, treatment with papaya mice infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi disease, can reduce the mortality rate of 40 ~ 60%, but the effect of early treatment to. Papaya 1 g (student) and chloramphenicol 10 mg curative effect is the same.

3. The other application of cell culture and measuring method of the function of macrophage cell in abdominal cavity of mice to observe and research on the in vitro papaya diploid cell morphology, growth rate and rate of macrophage cell in abdominal cavity of mice and the change of the index, the results suggest papaya can slow the growth of cells, reduce the phagocytosis of macrophage. Papaya water decoction, alcohol extract, crystallization solution (2.5%), ascites carcinoma in mice arroyo has strong inhibitory effect. The effective components in its anti-cancer organic acids.

Clinical application of

1. Used for rheumatism the swelling pain, channels JuLuan, beriberi. Papaya have better relaxes the muscles loose, and wet, commonly used to treat rheumatism pain bi, channels JuLuan person especially to medicine. Such as papaya fry, strong cure muscle urgent item, cannot turn side, as this product with frankincense, not sweet, radix rehmanniae. Foot swelling pain, heart annoyed, and compatibility of evodia rutaecarpa, betel nuts, etc.

2. Used for children twitch. Papaya inprovement, a make wet chaotic, medium; Second, relaxes the muscles and stimulate blood circulation to vomit, too much to foot twin urgent eased. Such as soup treatment of pd, silkworm, or to the product with semen coicis, excrementum bombycis, rhizoma coptidis, in evodia rutaecarpa equivalent. In addition, this product has effect and can be used for indigestion.

Category is introduced

Division of papaya

Papaya is there are three main types of plants are

1. The Chinese flowering quince (Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne), alias haitang, light skin papaya papaya Ming this wood, wood lee, pear.

2. Wrinkled skin papaya (Chaenomeles speciosa Nakal), alias quince, die-hard haitang, iron foot pear, sichuan papaya, papaya.

3. MAO papaya (Chaenomeles cathayensis Schneid), don't peach trees, MAO papaya.

papaya

Papaya plant name 】 【

[alias] papaya papaya haitang, light, Japanese quince, pear wood, wood, li Ming this, カ リ ン.

[name] Chaenomelessinensis Koehne

Genera classification 】 【 rosaceae papaya

【 character description 】 deciduous shrubs or small trees, up to 7

M, no branch spines; Branchlets cylindric, amaranth, petticoats pale yellow villous; Peeling bark flake, traces behind significantly. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptical oblong, 5 ~ 9 cm long, 3 ~ 6 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate or subrounded, margin thrust mans finely serrate, teeth end glands, surface glabrous, young along sparsely pilose on veins, as densely yellow-white hairs on the back; Stipes stout, 1-1.5 cm long, was yellow-white hairs on both sides of the above with club-shaped glands; Stipule membranous, elliptic-lanceolate, 7 ~ 15 mm long, apex acuminate, margin glandular teeth, covered with soft hairs along veins. Flowers solitary in short shoot side, 2.5 to 3 cm in diam.; Pedicel short, 5 ~ 10 mm long, glabrous; Hypanthium glabrous outside; Calyx lobes triangular, lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, apex long acuminate, margin sparsely glandular teeth, glabrous or sparsely pilose outside, inside densely covered with light brown hair, than hypanthium long, fruit reflex; Petals obovate, pink; Stamens ca. 5 mm long; Style ca. 6 mm long, pilose. Pome long oval shape, 10 ~ 15 cm long, deep yellow and with luster, pulp wood, tiny acid, astringent taste, fragrant, short stem. April flowering, fruiting 9 ~ 10 months.

【 origin 】 originated from China, now, shaanxi, henan, shandong, anhui, jiangsu, zhejiang, jiangxi, hubei, sichuan, guangdong, guangxi and other provinces (area) are cultivated.

[usage] papaya haitang design and color, good tree, fewer pests, is a good species of garden greening, it can clump planting in garden wall corner, the place such as forest edge, can enjoy flower, spring autumn substantial fruits. Seeds oil content 35.99%, yield efficiency 30%, no peculiar smell, edible and can making soap. Candied fruit after cooking is made; And for medicinal, but little effect of papaya, due to the medicinal effect is poor, below in 2003, the national bureau of drug ban medicinal. Flowers for sugar sauce ingredients, flavor is very beautiful. Can extract bark contain tannins, together. The wood is hard, can make furniture.

Wrinkled skin papaya

Wrinkled skin papaya plant name 】 【

Quince, stick the alias 】 【 haitang papaya, iron feet,

Die-hard haitang, iron feet pear, sichuan papaya, papaya

[name] Chaenomelesspeciosa

Genera classification 】 【 rosaceae Papaya is a

【 character description 】 deciduous shrubs, up to 2 m, with branch spines; Branchlets cylindric, conduct, stout, puce when young, glabrous, dark brown when old. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, thin oblong, 3 ~ 10 cm long, 1.5 ~ 5 cm wide, apex acute, dilute obtuse, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, tooth, the surface light, dark green, glabrous, the back light green, glabrous; Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; Stipule is large, leafy, ovate or kidney-shaped, margin acute serrate, glabrous. 2 ~ 6 flowers in clusters in the biennial branches, 3.5 ~ 5 cm in diam., lobes or with leaves and open; Pedicel short, 3 mm long or nearly so terrier, glabrous; Hypanthium glabrous outside; Calyx lobes erect, nearly semicircular, apex obtuse, entire or corrugated tooth, margin with tan eyelash, outside glabrous, inside sparsely pilose, long is the half of hypanthium; Petals suborbicular or obovate, with short claw, 1-1.5 cm long, scarlet or pink; Stamens 35 ~ 50, upright, 1-1.3 cm long, filaments microstrip red; Style in the middle of the connation, glabrous, with stamens nearly isometric, stigma head shape. Pome globose to ovoid, ~ 5 cm in diam., yellow or yellowish green, with no obvious sparse spots, aromatic, fruit stalk short or nearly so. April flowering, fruiting in October.

【 origin 】 originated in southwest China, is now around the north and the south have the cultivation. Burma also have distribution.

[usage] design and color is red yellow miscellaneous knead, set each other off becomes an interest, "the most romantic of spring color", for the good of the flower, fruit, flowers and trees. Cultivation in the garden for greening, also for green fence materials, can be isolated or with the winter jasmine, forsythia clump planting. Can make candied fruit; And for medicinal, can dredge meridian, invigorate the circulation of flooding wind and have strong, excitement, analgesia, liver, and spleen, wet and tendons, attending heatstroke, cholera twitch, foot edema, wet bi syndrome; Leach liquor (papaya wine), to treat rheumatoid arthritis pain.

The fruit also known as sichuan papaya, is one of China's unique rare fruit, has high medicinal value and edible value, sichuan papaya flower in late January, the flowers are red and white two kinds, mature time to market for nine, in October, apple fruit, ripe fruit surface is yellow, the sunshine part are pink, single fruit weighs 200-350 grams, in season 2000-2500 kilograms per mu. Sichuan papaya fruit nutrition is rich, each hectogram fruit contain 2731 mg of vitamin, anti-aging no / 3237 g, contains rich protein, tartaric acid, phosphorus, iron, calcium, etc., is a fruit processed products, medicine supplies superior raw materials, production of candied fruit unique taste, sweet and delicious, pure and has a special fresh fruit, fruit pulp fiber, excluding stone cell, a hard, shipping, sichuan papaya medicinal value is very high, relaxes the muscles and stimulate blood circulation and stomach wet function. For a generation of south yunnan residents, more mixed with pepper and salt and stir how to eat.

[identify]

Take this product powder 1 g, add 10 ml 70% ethanol, heating reflux for 1 hour, filtration, the filtrate test according to the following method.

(1) take the filtrate 1 ml, top up, 1 ml of residue with acetic anhydride to dissolve, pour into the test tube along the tube wall add 1 ~ 2 drops of sulfuric acid two liquid junction place show purple ring; The upper fluid tan.

(2) the filtrate drops on the filter paper, wait for dry, spraying aluminium chloride solution, after drying, were observed under uv lamp (365 nm), blue fluorescence.

Wash [up], nourishes and cut sheet or steamed, dried.

Acid, sexual flavour 】 【 temperature.

"To the" belongs to the liver, spleen by.

Flat function attending 】 【 relaxes the muscles and liver and stomach is wet. Used in the wet bi JuLuan, waist and knee pain, acid in children twitch, foot edema.

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 5 ~ 10 g; Or the pill, powder. External use: Fried smoked wash water.

【 storage 】 a cool and dry place, moistureproof, moth-proofing.

【 note 】 cure rheumatism tended to bi when pain is generally used in the waist knee soreness, often with tiger bone, etc. For children cure twitch of the medicine. Used for heat wet cholera, children twitch of the disease, can be compatibility semen coicis, sting sand, rhizoma coptidis, evodia rutaecarpa medicine with you. In addition, this product is for cure beriberi sore medicine, can be compatibility evodia rutaecarpa, Perilla, betel nut. There are effect and can be used for indigestion.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

【 taboo 】

Material medica: 1. The diet cannot feed more, damage of teeth, bone.

2. The medicine introduction: avoid lead, iron.

3. "huang shu" : the lower waist and knee weakness, inadequate due to blood deficiency, Yin really should not be used. Hurt food taste not imaginary, stagnant bulls, unfavorable use.

"Each discourse"

1. Li Gao: papaya, gas can, and can and.

2. "of materia medica" : papaya main cholera spit twitch, beriberi, spleen and stomach disease, liver disease also. Liver is the main reinforcement, but it is the hot and humid, the twitch of cold dampness evil attack caused by injury taste, so the reinforcement will turn from phil, phil and tendons are Yang Ming. Papaya cure twitch, not yi jin also, spleen and cut liver, soil disease is gold failure and wood, so use acid for dissipation of spleen and stomach, and through its reinforcement with flat liver evil, are diarrhea wood to grant also in the soil. Horizontal soil to make gold by the shadow. "Element asked" cloud: acid reinforcement, reinforcement disease without feed more acid. Meng agreeable freedom cloud: eating papaya damage of teeth, bone. Ming test of clearing liver and papaya, foot lunar, as the spleen and stomach medicine, the liver medicine, yi can sign. Dongtai ning road papaya tree tree

Dongtai ning road papaya tree tree

3. "Ben is" : papaya, with this person with its acid, acid can walk, can the folding of the solid, wood flavour is that reason especially designed into the liver blood yi jin. Cure waist and knee weakness, beriberi, led by an indispensible, and qi stagnation and, gas can be fixed. To flat stomach, so in addition to ou inverse, cholera twitch, phlegm reduction, moisture and water. With its acid, so can the folding of the lung and the flow field, stop, full of thirst.

4. The: "new materia medica papaya, but to minister, adjuvant and make, and do not think you, is the product of the liver yi jin, the taste of blood who foot, most appropriate, with ginseng, return, ripe (ground).

Material medica: 5. The need to match the blood for heat, muscle pain, gas for wet sluggish, slow and soft, papaya cold blood off, and it can cure.

6. "Ben" pursuing: papaya, acidity, temperature, check belongs to the convergence of the product, what books with its work yue spleen, relaxes the muscles, the folding of the lung? Heat wet cuts, spending, too, children pay for, not tired spleen and stomach and energy-sapping, loss of business health and physique. Papaya smells acidity, both in hot and humid in thin, after the loss can be gathered, so can have, in the spleen in jin shu, in the lungs can be gathered, is really lung and stomach weak, can be used the flavour of zai? But make the food too, and loss of teeth and bone and retention of urine, is known for its astringent even cut the liver, nai people only sensible feet, and not judge its nakedness jump shots, very pity. Chen is good.

7. "Ben speculative record: archaeology in the proof of papaya, such as athlete's foot, foot impotent, abdominal bulge, interacting with XinWen medicine, nothing more than the cold wet evil, series of floating of the gas, work in drop, suppression and eventually and carrots on the folding, so its cure muscle disease in a turning advisable, JuLuan is not its director. Xu Shuwei alone with papaya cure a strong gluten nasty, "less" Yin jin from the foot to the item, for liver and kidney by evil. Though in the disease, but was still in the next. Its frankincense, myrrh, as makes, it with common clubmoss milk, not, not in papaya, are visible.

8. The theory of tripterygium wilfordii cannon main: business health, helps the valley.

9. "don't record" : the wet bi pathogens, cholera vomiting, twitch.

Material medica: 10. The dietotherapy treat ou 晼 ethos, twitch after vomit, boil juice drink.

11. "Ben gleanings" : the air conditioning, strong bones and muscles, xiaoshi, water flow field after thirsty, for YinFu. Beriberi heart, again take a child, of a decoction, tender person is better. Ke sputum salivary and anti-nausea inverse, heart.

12. The sea medicine material medica: the folding of the lung and stomach, spleen cut liver, feed the thirst.

Material medica: 13. The solar corona child stop children rush dolphin and foot edema, hot and cold flow field, heart pain, cure thirst.

14. Good old wang: moisture and stomach, AIDS to spleen and lungs. To treat abdominal distension good was the heart of New Zealand.

15. The daily material medica: attack on treat athlete's foot, leg knee pain, thirst detumescence.

[pharmacological action]

1. Protect liver function. Liver injury in rats caused by carbon tetrachloride, since the date of modelling, with 10% papaya mixed suspension, according to the daily 300 mg / 100 g weight to rats lavage for 10 d, compared to control group, give medicine group of liver cell necrosis and fat become lighter; Can prevent liver cell swelling, ballooning change, and promote the liver cell repair, significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase levels.

2. The antibacterial effect. Antibacterial drug screening find papaya have strong antibacterial activity. Fresh papaya juice (each 1 ml contains filtrate student 1 g) and papaya decoction (1 g/ml) on intestinal bacteria and staphylococcus aureus has the obvious bacteriostasis, bacteriostatic circle diameter in 18 ~ 35 mm; Antibacterial activity of streptococcus pneumoniae is poorer, bacteriostatic circle 8 ~ 12 mm in diameter. Sensitive bacteria shigella, dysentery bacillus dysentery bacillus, song's blessing and its variants, pathogenic e. coli, the common escherichia coli, bacillus proteus, enteritis, white staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, alpha hemolytic streptococcus, etc. Papaya injection (tannic acid) concentration of 1 g/ml, there is still a similar intensity of antibacterial activity. Papaya juice pH 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide to 3.4.5.6.6.5.7.5 bacteriostatic experiment was carried out, results with pH increase papaya antibacterial effect. Papaya is extracted by papaya separation of water soluble part of phenol in vitro bacteriostasis experiment has proved that, the bacteriostasis, bacteriostatic ring for various dysentery bacillus of 19-28.6 mm.

3. The other role. Had found the papaya extract has inhibitory effect to the ai ascites carcinoma in mice, the extract is crystallization melting point of 177 ~ 178 ℃. Papaya extract by intraperitoneal injection of 85 mg/d, a total of 7 d, of macrophage cell in abdominal cavity of mice in inhibition.

4. The toxicity. With weight 25 only 18 ~ 25 g mice, each 1 ml contains 0.5 g crude drugs of papaya tail intravenous injection, each 0.2 ml, respectively by 3 h, 8 h, 20 h toxicity test, the results were not seen animals die.

[from] the Chinese material medica

MAO leaves papaya

Large shrubs or small trees, often have obvious backbone, plant up to 3 ~ 5 m, short branches. Blade is long and narrow, long elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, long shape of mans toothed. Take 2 ~ 3 (5) flower clusters, often single, petal edge and white

On the back of the dizzy with deep red, light red or red, thin double; Calyx tube well developed, long and thin. Known 5 ornamental varieties.

(1) 'drunk Yang Fei' (' Zui Yangfei ')

Large shrub. Flowers double, 3 ~ 5 cm; About 25 pieces of petals, suborbicular; Open the red and green white inside, outside after gradient pink to pale red (RHS - CC 37 ~ 39 b). The variety of new varieties, MAO leaves in papaya is currently the only discovery of double varieties, breeding in linyi in shandong province.

(2) the 'luo fu' (' Luofu) shrub (Wang Jiaxiang, 1998). Flowers single, corolla horn, diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm; Petals triangle to irregular round; White flowers (RHS - CC 4 d), petal edge and the back with dark red halo (RHS - CC 58 b ~ 58 c). Fruit nearly cylindric, 8.5 ~ 11 cm long, 6.2 ~ 8 cm in diameter.

(3) "hongxia" (" Hong xia ') (Wang Jiaxiang, 1998).

Large shrub. Flowers single, corolla cup, is not developed, and the diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm; Petals round spoon; White flowers (RHS - CC 4 d), petal edge and the back with dark red halo (RHS - CC 63 a and 63 b). Fruit ovoid, ca. 8 cm long, 7-7.5 cm in diameter.

(4) 'Shu red' (' Shu Hong ')

Small trees, the trunk is obvious. 1 ~ 3 flowers in clusters, single, corolla, diameter of 4 ~ 5 cm; Deep red, RHS - CC 54 a. Calyx tube slender, up to 2 cm.

(5) "jinling powder (' Jin ling Fen ')

Small trees, the trunk is obvious. Flowers single, corolla, 3.5 ~ 4.5 cm in diameter; Light red (RHS - CC 38 b), the petals round spoon. Pedicel significant, for up to 5 mm.

Tsaochow papaya

Tsaochow papaya, rosaceae, deciduous form small trees, monoecious flower bud.

Planting history 】 【 according to the fruit trees in shandong province ", "tsaochow papaya plant, in the middle of the Ming dynasty (light skin) development in the qing dynasty, has a history of more than 500 years ago, for the local characteristics of tree species, known as heze called tsaochow, hereinafter referred to as tsaochow papaya." As early as the Ming dynasty renowned Chinese and foreign, as all previous dynasties shows the tributes.

Description 】 【 form

Tsaochow papaya is the better species of afforest, beautify the environment, do 5 to 10 m tall Heze papaya tree, rosaceae, deciduous form small trees, monoecious flower bud, its design and color is gorgeous, red, yellow, white, pink branches, number of smooth, clean and beautiful, wooden flower, golden color, fragrance overflows person tied to, and lingering, is indoor display of ornamental. Papaya result early, high yield, long service life, general fruiting trees 3000-4000 kilograms per mu, the fixed number of year can reach two thousand three hundred.

Tsaochow papaya tree d dwarf tree a beautiful child, bark fall off naturally. In addition to the heavy saline-alkali land can carry, is a good tree species, improving ecological environment of western economic development prospect and broad is the most precious and landscaping tree species.

Mountain papaya

Mengshan papaya is linyi city of shandong province science and technology commission, the municipal forestry bureau, and me

Over the years by the time from local precious wild papaya resource tree species selection and breeding of rare tree species. By the shannon big and provincial appraisal named mengshan curiosa of papaya fruit research institute. And identified by shandong province science and technology commission, in September 96 the forestry department of rare place products exposition gold medal, released by the ministry of health in 99 as the first batch of medicine combination of fruit, food in zhuhai efficient agriculture "spark program". In mengshan papaya as raw material to produce the papaya beverage Preserved fruit, fruit juice, fruit tea, etc. Series of papaya products, have been exported to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong market, I place growers gen ten thousand jin per mu. Income more than yuan news, has been "shandong TV", "China central television (CCTV)" and "the rural masses" and other news media reported many times, foreign merchants came to raw material base, the expansion of the development in the local also spread out a phrase "if you want to send, plant papaya!"

Varieties introduced

Yimeng mountain area wrinkled skin and light skin papaya papaya original two kinds. Since the 80 s, with further development and utilization of papaya resources, basically has the following three types of varieties of papaya

1. The wrinkled skin papaya (Chaenomeles speciosa Nakal)

The alias quince, papaya, pear iron foot. Fruit mature 7 ~ 10 days after skin micro shrinkage, therefore wrinkled skin papaya. Can make candied fruit, jam, and juice and so on the many kinds of food. Dry fruit do medicinal. Wrinkled skin of papaya papaya belongs to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainstream products.

Advocate: shandong linyi, luoyang, henan, anhui xuanzhou, but the area is little, yield less than one over one thousand of the dosage of Chinese traditional medicine, medicinal gap is big. And edible value national scientific research units to further research the papaya canned and preserved fruit jelly, beverage, etc. Series of products, color, aroma, nutrition all super hawthorn, apple, peach, pear, other fruit products, also the original department of commerce ministry identified. Products favored by domestic and foreign merchants and consumers, high-quality papaya, in short supply.

2. Light skin papaya (Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne)

Alias papaya haitang, dragon wood, feng shui tree, melon, papaya, Ming this wood, wood lee, pear. Deciduous shrubs or small trees. Light skin papaya main for viewing, early summer flowers, autumn fruit, late autumn night have bright red also. The west into flowering and 5-8 years later, the effects of the light skin papaya effect. As there is no practical value, the fruit wood fruit for view, because of its dry fruit still smooth, not shrinking, so the light skin papaya, my unit is mainly used for the propagation of the greening seedlings.

Wood lee: agriculture in shandong, henan, jiangsu. Due to the medicinal effect is poor, and below 2003, the national bureau of drug ban medicinal. This shows that wood lee no purposes, in terms of medicinal and edible aspects for wood lee, also is a rare tree species, tree good, fewer pests, sell better for afforestation.

3. MAO leaves papaya (Chaenomeles cathayensis Schneid)

Don't peach trees. Native to southwest China area. Deciduous shrubs to small trees. Fruit ovoid or nearly cylindric, apex with bumps, 8 ~ 12 cm long, yellow blush, taste sweet. 9 ~ 10 month. Fruit is used as a medicine, not edible. As wrinkled skin and light skin papaya papaya tolerance to cold.

Agriculture is yunnan, guizhou, guangxi, sichuan, hubei mound. Area of up to tens of thousands of acres, production must kg. Due to its dry, also has the obvious wrinkles, wrinkled skin papaya were sold, medicinal true papaya is counterfeit. What's more, some manufacturers and the true papaya as peach wood, wood lee; Put the peach wood, wood lee is said to be "real" papaya misattribution, real ones. Mass demand, low price, high price to sell. Greedy for profit, disrupted the market, farmers grow true papaya income is low, hit the enthusiasm of farmers to grow true papaya, restrict the improvement of the quality of medicinal papaya!

Application value

"Compendium of materia medica" explanation: "tianjin embellish flavor no wood for papaya. Circle is less than the papaya, taste of peach wood and boggy acerbity. Like papaya without nose, greater than for wood lee peach flavour is acerbity, also pear wood, namely Ming this and and mariko". Chinese medicine information: "papaya (alias: wrinkled skin papaya, quince). Peach (alias: MAO leaves papaya, papaya haitang). Wood li (alias: wood pears, Ming this, light skin papaya). Load again:" papaya (wrinkled skin papaya) thin skin, yellow color, fragrance and is acerbity acerbity, his son to the lining the tip, on the one hand, the food of the yi people "." With a mariko, color light yellow, thick, its small circle, bitter salty, hurt more gas. Have a son, tiny, taste unique acerbity, unbearable. Screw driver with soil, taste unique bitter, such as hand oil hemp, the bait is acerbity, more red muscle pain also. "dongtai ning road papaya tree tree

Dongtai ning road papaya tree tree

So develop papaya, must according to the actual situation, adjust measures to local conditions, according to the reasonable use planting, to plant papaya achieve the goal of getting rich. Development of papaya, preferred "medicine food" combination of mengshan wrinkled skin papaya varieties, high yield, good quality. Widely used in demand. Don't blindly growing wood lee, peach; Wild, managed a wrinkled skin papaya. Lee, peach wood wood, half a wooden results. Not food processing; Medicinal effect is poor.

Physical characteristics

Mengshan papaya, alias wrinkled skin papaya, papaya belongs to the rosaceae deciduous shrubs, elliptical leaves, leaf, sharp edge try square fine honey, and suitable for planting (2 x 1 mu 220 strains, suitable for intercropping does not affect the growth of other crops) pollinate the flowers, no DaXiaoNian phenomenon, branches grayish brown, early April flower, flower clusters, flowers before leaves, flowers red yan, moths was spectacular, very spectacular. The aromas, it good cultivation management, don't choose the soil, hardy drought-tolerant, strong adaptability, antibacterial disease-resistant ability, extensive management, has in recent years in guangxi, guizhou, xinjiang, shaanxi, gansu, zhejiang, hebei, Beijing, nanjing, shengli oilfield such as planting test success! Super high yield! 1 year after the plant flowering fruit, three years into the season. General can be put into yu jin per mu.

papaya

(remarks) plant name 】 【 papaya

Different from native Chinese papaya: from China's a kind of deciduous shrubs or small trees, rosaceae, oblong fruit, yellow color and fragrance, after cooking or honey stains for food. Papaya as a result of the bear is the tree "melon", also known as the "papaya", but for the sake of distinction, often add a "remarks". Is papaya papaya. The most simple method of distinguish is papaya plant only the trunk, stem not branch. The fruit cut into, if it is papaya, seeds are a lot of. And papaya cross section, the situation is similar to apple crosscutting, seed distribution in room 5 respectively, because papaya belongs to the rosaceae with apple, pear, apple subfamily of plants.

Nickname 】 【 Chinese papaya, pumpkin, melon, fruit, milk melon, wood wax gourd, pawpaw, flower 28-volume, milk 28-volume, mas ā np not (yunnan frontier minority)

[Latin name] CaricapapayaLINN.

Genera classification 】 【 papaya division (Caricaceae) papaya (Carica)

Papaya is a character description 】 【 papaya papaya genera soft wood small trees, up to 8 meters, have milk. Stem not branch, have big leaf scar. Leaves large, crowded stem tip, and petiole, hollow; Leaves alternate, palmate deep cleft. The part that flower all the year round, unisexual, dioecious. Berries, oblong, deep orange; Thick, yellow flesh.

】 【 origin distribution is native to southern Mexico and Central America neighboring district, is mainly distributed in east South Asia in Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, myanmar, Indonesia and India and Sri Lanka. , South America, west Indies, the United States of Florida, Hawaii, Cuba, and Australia. In our country are mainly distributed in guangdong, hainan, guangxi, yunnan, fujian and Taiwan provinces (area).

【 purpose role 】 papaya fruit, seeds, leaves can be medicine. Fruits contain moisture 90%, 5 ~ 6% sugar, a small amount of tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, etc. Seeds contain 25% fatty oil. Leaves containing papaya papaya alkali and glucoside, choline, etc.

Nutritional value 】 【 every 100 grams of papaya (carica papaya) contained 92.2 g of water, protein 0.4 grams, 14 mg isoleucine, leucine, 20 mg, 9 mg lysine, phenylalanine and mg, tyrosine 6 mg, threonine 11 milligrams, 17 mg valine, aspartic acid 157 mg, 38 mg glutamic acid, glycine 17 mg, arginine 6 mg, 18 mg of histidine, glycine and mg, alanine 17 mg, proline 9 12 mg mg, serine, 7 grams carbohydrates, 0.3 grams of fat. In addition, also contains papaya protease, rennet, provitamin A and B, C, D, E and other vitamins, papaya alkali, etc.

Summer, autumn collection using processing 】 【 ripe fruit, raw or cooked, or slice, dry and set aside. Leaves year-round recoverable, fresh or dry and set aside. In addition, papaya can be processed into papaya fruit sugar, jam, preserved fruit and canned. Holly's milk is rich in papaya enzyme, the digestion of protein function, extremely versatile in industry. Papaya from transplanting to result only about six months, its single pole upright, perennial constantly bear fruit weight of 1 ~ 3 jins, a year of a piece of fruit 70 jins, the highest yield fruit, 130 jins, papaya flesh thick, strong aroma, sweet and delicious, rich nutrition, its special papaya enzyme can nourish the lungs will also help digestion and cure stomach trouble, papaya alkali have antitumor effect, its unique to the cells of lymphoid leukemia has strong anticancer activity, papaya, suitable to nature for 1 ~ 2 month after harvest, fruit production early, and the first year yield per mu yield more than 2000 jins, planted 250 acres of plants.

"Nutrition analysis"

1. The spleen: papaya papaya protease, can decompose the fat into fatty acids; Modern medicine found that papaya contains a kind of enzyme, can digest proteins, is beneficial to the body for digestion and absorption of food, it is the work of the spleen.

2. Disease resistance insecticidal: papaya alkali and papain have fight bacteria and parasites such as tapeworm, roundworm, whipworm, amoeba, so it can be used to kill insect resistant tuberculosis.

3. Lead to breast cancer: papaya of rennet has the effect on milk, papaya alkali resistance lymphoid leukemia, so used to milk, and treat lymphatic sex leukaemia (hematic cancer).

4. Supplementary nutrition, improve the disease resistance: papaya contains a large number of moisture, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and a variety of essential amino acids, which can effectively supplement the body's nutrients, strengthen the body's resistance to disease.

5. Antispasmodic: papaya pulp containing papaya alkali relieve spasm and pain, has obvious treatment effect to gastrocnemius muscle spasm.

Papain, fruit contain rich vitamin C, B, and calcium, phosphorus and minerals, the nutrition is rich, the fruit contains a large number of rich carotene and protein, calcium salt, protease, lemon enzyme etc, has the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure, nephritis, constipation and digestion, cure stomach trouble, promote metabolism and anti-aging effect to human body, there is beauty to raise colour the effect.

Appropriate crowd

In the general population are edible

1. Suitable for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, lack of maternal milk bones and muscles ache, rheumatism, twisting the trauma patients, indigestion and obese patients

2. Not suitable for pregnant women, allergic constitution.

Cooking guide

Cure with xuan papaya, papaya, north of papaya and wrinkled skin, unfavorable table; Eating papaya papaya is produced in the south, can be eaten raw, also can be used as a vegetable and meat stewed together.

1. Tendons supple. Used for body JuLuan pain caused by wet bi, this product can remove the origin, the solution JuLuan, relaxes the body. Often twotooth achyranthes root, radix clematidis.

2. Wet and stomach. The product gas aroma can amuse oneself and the stomach, can acid fluid air tendons, often used in the treatment of gastric estrangement drop vomiting, pain, and diarrhea.

Medicinal value

Song dynasty famous doctor Xu Shuwei in the skill is recorded by an interesting story: anhui GuangDe go out in the gouin, occasional pain in the legs and feet, unable to walk, he had to go back home by boat. In the ship, he put both feet in a pack of loading on the bag, when the boat suddenly much better find their legs and feet swelling pain, I feel very surprise, ask IP bag pack is what? IP answer is papaya. The gouin returned home, just bought some papaya slices, packed in bags, daily put feet above, soon, he developed the disease was cured the legs and feet. The record shows that papaya have magical effect for the treatment of rheumatism pain certification.

And, of course, the above said is a kind of medicinal papaya, also known as pear iron foot, for our country characteristic of wild fruit, because it originated in anhui xuancheng (called xuanzhou), referred to as "xuan papaya". And usually eat papaya, papaya fruit shop, because of its native to tropical America, import, our habits will say words, abroad since ancient times, whose native language so named it as "papaya", the major domestic produced in guangdong, hainan, Taiwan, etc. Xuan papaya and papaya original plant species are completely different, therefore, their sexual flavour, efficacy is not the same, shall be the difference.

papaya

【 origin 】 "modern practical Chinese medicine"

F ā n pinyin name 】 【 Mu Gu ā

"Alias" stone (collection of the essence of "), pawpaw (zhaoqing government record), fruit, milk melon (" lingnan miscellanea "), pumpkin (plant name there are800,000 monographs exam), papaya (Taiwan plant lists), guangxi papaya, wood wax gourd (compendium of material medica) Mr. Lu.

【 origin 】 for secco plant papaya papaya fruit. Summer, autumn fruit when ripe.

[original form] papaya, also known as: wax gourd tree (the luo

County annals "). Trees, up to 8 meters, not branched or sometimes in lesions drew sections; Dry mass is soft, have big leaf scar. Leaves large, suborbicular, 7 ~ 9 deep crack usually palmate, up to 60 cm in diameter, each lobe to split pinnate; The handle hollow, 60 cm long or too, male flowers sessile, arranged in a long, drooping, for up to 1 m panicle, crowded, straw yellow, corolla tube vulnerability, ca. 2 cm long, stamens 10, was born in corolla; A few female flowers sessile, solitary or several arranged in the umbrella inflorescence, petals yellow-white, lanceolate, knobs, separation, ovary superior, 1 room. Fruit oblong or nearly globose, deep orange, 10 ~ 30 cm long; Thick, yellow flesh, the lining of the majority of black seeds. Flowering throughout the year.

】 【 habitat distribution in guangdong, guangxi, yunnan, fujian, Taiwan and other places have cultivated. Guangdong, guangxi and other places.

【 characteristics 】 the fruit oblong or suitable shape, surface yellow brown or deep yellow, have ten shallow longitudinal groove, 15 ~ 25 cm long, 7 ~ 12 cm in diameter, pericarp fleshy, with white pulp. Most seeds oval, outsourcing have much pulp, pale yellow aril, 6 ~ 7 mm long, 4 ~ 5 mm in diameter, seed coat tan, with mesh swelled.

Fruit containing papaya alkali chemical composition 】 【, papain, rennin; In the pale yellow fruit containing cryptoxanthin, butterfly MeiHuangSu, beta carotene, the delta carotene and cryptoxanthin epoxide pigment etc. Is still in the red fruit contains tomato hydrocarbon. The seeds contain isothiocyanate benzyl ester glucoside, papaya.

[pharmacological action]

1) anti-tumor effect (2) the antibacterial and resisting parasites (3) the effect of protease

(4) other intravenous injection of papain can cause histamine release, to extend the time of blood coagulation, shock. Protein from pulp material no matter in vitro test or the whole test all have significant anticoagulant effect, when anticoagulant dosage (dog, 2 mg/kg), has no obvious effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory system, large dose have a direct inhibitory effect on the heart. Caused by allergies and ileum convulsion, is still restricted for therapeutic applications.

Papaya alkali can cause blood pressure to drop, on rabbit of frog heart in vitro and rabbit heart cause expansion stops, the frog legs vasoconstriction, rabbit auricular, kidney, intestine and coronary vasodilatation.

Papaya alkali restrain bowel loops (cats, rabbits and guinea pigs) and tracheal smooth muscle (guinea pig), the gravid uterus (rabbits and guinea pigs) and normal uterus (guinea pig), a small amount of excitement, a lot of paralysis, paralysis of skeletal muscle is made.

Glucoside and mustard seeds containing papaya enzyme, the former and mustard glucoside, hydrolysis to produce irritating volatiles. The pulp of the fruit of guinea pig uterus has obvious effect, strengthen according to seed clouds have abortion effect, have been used as emmenagogue and stimulants.

[toxic] papaya alkali on central nerve paralysis effects, in mice and rabbits in the late poisoning cause mild spasm, poisoning death mainly respiratory paralysis and heart disorders.

Acid, sexual flavour 】 【 temperature. Liver, spleen by.

[efficacy] dehumidification, bi, the priorities and tendons, xiaoshi, cure beriberi.

(1) "of materia medica" : "bitter, flat, non-toxic.

(2) yao can into a compendium of material medica: food taste sour bitter, non-toxic. ""

(3) compendium of material medica: Mr. Lu "taste, micro cold."

【 function attending 】 for stomachache, diarrhea, poor mainland, bi, the wind rotten feet.

(1) "of materia medica", "main heartache, decoct juice to wash the wind certification."

(2) yao into "food materia medica" : "the main gas, stagnant blood, cure heartache, antipyretic depression."

(3) the lingnan herbalism record: "fruit juices, used for insect repellent and preservatives.

(4) "modern practical medicine", "unripe fruit liquid, cure stomach indigestion, as well as nourishment, and nurse agent for hair. Ripe fruit, kore urine, also can treat red and white diarrhea."

(5) compendium of material medica: Mr. Lu "extremities paralysis, far in rotten feet."

6 the: "new materia medica papaya, flavour acid, temperature, non-toxic. With the lunar, fa jue Yin ". Gas can be solid, and can and. Flat stomach to zi spleen, benefit lung and moisture, help the valley gas, adjustable RongWei, in addition to cholera, twitch, dispelling the athlete's foot, water conservancy. But can I, can make, and not think. Is the product of the liver yi jin, nourishing blood pulse of flavour, who is the most appropriate, with ginseng, return, familiar with, the living safeguard.

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, fresh person 1 ~ 2 two; Research at the end of the 5 ~ 8 points; Or wring juice drink. External use: Fried washed.

[from] the Chinese big dictionary"

Planting cultivation

1. Choose to sunny, fertile soil, soil preparation, and chosen moist cultivation and well drained, also can use a headland, sloping fields, planting behind the house, into cultivation, according to plant 1 m x 2 m open hole spacing, each hole applying into 5 ~ 10 kilograms of farmyard manure and soil mixed basal of cooperation. Seedling to appropriate chooses loose fertile sandy loam, basal farmyard manure shi 3000 kilograms per mu, the commune 25 cm, farming, the fine leveling made 1.3 meters wide strip.

2. The breeding methods Major in plant breeding, cuttings and seed breeding is also available.

(1) plant breeding papaya root soil into shallow, tillering ability, from the roots can grow many shoot every year. To old plant prior to march around the initiation of shoot with a plane. Smaller can be planted into the nursery to first, after 1-2 years of cultivation, and sizes of engraftment; The head can colonize directly. It blooms early, method is simple, the survival rate is high.

(2) cutting propagation 2-3 months before germination, shearing and the tender branches, robust and cut into 15 to 20 cm long segments, according to the plant row spacing within 10 cm x 15 cm inclined in seedbed, appropriate shade, often moist, after being to grow new root, transplanting seedling field continues to cultivate engraftment 1 to 2 years.

(3) seed breeding of vegetable or spring, autumn sowing in late October, papaya seeds matured, pluck fruit, remove seeds, in November, according to the strains of 15 cm x 20 cm long open hole spacing, hole 6 cm deep, every dibbling 2-3 grain, fine soil 3 cm. Spring in early march to late, first remove the seed soaking it in water for 2 days, put inside bowl, cover with a damp cloth and put in a warm place for 24 hours, according to the method of planting, autumn sowing in the second year of spring emergence, spring sowing locations in late April and early may, when the seedlings to about 1 meter long sizes of engraftment. Every hole is triangular planted seedlings 2-3 strains, turns the soil compaction, and watering. Trees in spring time as well.

3. The field management

(1) row weeding engraftment survival after the spring and autumn period and the two season combined with fertilization row weeding 2 times a year, hoe to loose soil, remove all the weeds. Winter 10 am to ridging, antifreeze.

(2) according to the spring flowering fertilizer 1 time before. First open loop around the tree gully, each into the focal marl and we each 5 kg, or faecal matter about 10 kg, in order to promote growth and blossom.

(3) training training had a great influence on papaya flower, should be in December to next march. Adult tree pruning 1 time every year, cut off branches and twigs, old branches and dense branches, to keep the tree inside the hollow cylindrical, and flowering, results. For old has amounted to more than 10 years, tree potential already feeble old plants should be updated. But before freezing, the aboveground all cut down to make the old root grow seedlings, cultivation into new strains.

Processing method

1. Raw drying method will pick papaya longitudinal cut in two, and then the cement on exposure, green coffees which are generally need to 15 ~ 20 days to dry. Sun, began to 2 ~ 3 days to cut in the face of the sun, there is no water leakage after any ted. In order to guarantee product quality, should be the sun night dew, dried on the back of finished products shall be without cyan, and a purple or brownish red, with irregular deep wrinkles and fine lines. If encounter rainy weather during the process, in order to prevent mildew, cross section can be put in a barn will be cut down with micro fire roasted, looking out of the sun.

2. Cooked drying method to cut the papaya longitudinally into two, and then put papaya according to the batch size in boiling water for 7 ~ 8 minutes, small for 5 ~ 6 minutes, with papaya just cooked every advisable. Cooked, remove to drain the surface moisture, and in a timely manner on the cement on exposure, green coffees which are not damage on the surface of fine leather. Save work medium drying method than raw drying method to save time, usually 8 ~ 10 days can be dried, but the quality is slightly lower.

Either processing method, and its after processing the finished product is: the half-open oblong, 4 ~ 8 cm long, 2.5 4.5 cm wide, 0.5 ~ 1 cm thick, the edge of the profile inside the volume, on the back of the purple or brownish red, irregular deep wrinkles and fine wrinkles, the top has a concave nest, qualitative solid.