Traditional Chinese medicine (53) gathered around lung anti-asthma gingko nuts

 

 

 

 

 

"Chinese pharmacopoeia" : ginkgo

Ginkgo medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Bai Gu ǒ

[English] by the GINKGO

"Alias" white nuts

【 origin 】 this product is a Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba plants (maidenhair tree, sun tree), Ginkgo biloba l. dry mature seeds. Autumn seed harvest when mature, remove the meat testa, wash and a little after steaming or slightly boiling, drying.

【 characteristics 】 this product is slightly oval, and slightly pointed at one end, and the other end is blunt, 1.5 2.5 cm long, 1 ~ 2 cm wide, about 1 cm thick. The surface yellowish-white or pale tan, smooth, with 2 ~ 3 ridge. Seed coat (shell) in bone, hard. In seed coat membranous, seeds ovoid or oblong, wide end light brown, the other end of the golden yellow, cross-sectional outer yellow, colloid, the inner light yellow or light green, powder, a gap in the middle. Odourless, taste sweet, bitter.

[identify] take this product powder 10 g, add 40 ml of methanol, heating reflux for 1 hour, filtration, the filtrate zhenggan residue 15 ml water dissolving, by a small amount of cotton filtration, the filtrate by polyamide column (80 ~ 100 mesh, 3 g, diameter 10 ~ 15 mm), 70 ml water elution, eluent 2 times were extracted with ethyl acetate vibration wave, every 40 ml, combined acetic acid ethyl ester liquid, dry, residual methanol 1 ml to dissolve, as the test solution. Another take ginkgo lactone A and C reference substance, add methanol made each 1 ml contains 0.5 mg mixed solution, as A reference substance solution. According to thin layer chromatography (appendix Ⅵ B) test, each 10 mu l learned these two solution, each point in the same containing 4% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium acetate solution as adhesive of silica G thin layer plate, toluene, ethyl acetate - acetone - methanol (10:5:5:0.6) as an agent, and taken out, dry spray with acetic anhydride, in 140 ~ 160 ℃ heat for 30 minutes, can be examined under a uv lamp (365 nm). In the chromatogram of the test, in the position of accordingly with reference substance chromatography, show the same color of the fluorescent spots.

[up] white nuts: take ginkgo, removing impurities and scale, when dolly.

Fried white nuts: pure white nuts, according to stir-fried method (appendix Ⅱ D) to have fragrance, when dolly.

Sweet, bitter, astringent, sexual flavour 】 【 flat; Poisonous.

"To the" lung.

The folding of the lung function of attending 】 【 anti-asthma, check with muddy, narrow. Used for phlegm asthmatic cough, grasps gonorrhea, enuresis frequency.

【 usage and dosage 】 4.5 ~ 9 g.

【 note 】 raw food is poisonous.

【 note 】 (1) overdose poisoning, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, seizures, limb rigidity, big blue skin, pupil, weak pulse and disorderly, even in a coma. Rescue methods: gastric lavage, catharsis, take egg qing, activated carbon, and symptomatic treatment, such as skin blue can give oxygen or artificial respiration; A convulsion can give sedative, in case of coma can inhale ammonia, injected stimulant.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

The Chinese medicine dictionary: gingko nuts

Ginkgo medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Bai Gu ǒ

"Alias" spiritual eyes (" taicang "), the Buddha nails (annals in zhejiang), Buddha refers to mandarin (" a hold of and ").

【 origin 】 the daily material medica

【 origin 】 for ginkgo biloba plants ginkgo biloba seeds. 10 ~ 11 month ripe fruit harvested, piled up on the ground, or immersed in water, decompose fleshy testa (or dao to testa), rinse and dry.

【 】 the original form of ginkgo biloba, also known as: duck feet (WanLing set), sun tree (RuNa nursery history), duck palm trees. Deciduous trees, up to 40 m tall. Straight trunk, bark gray. Has two kinds of length, leaf clusters on short branches, alternate on long branch. Fan blade, 4 ~ 8 cm long, 5 ~ 10 cm wide, apex 2 middle shallow crack, base cuneate, veins parallel, fork differences; Petiole 2.5 7 cm. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; Male flowers in drooping short catkin, 4 ~ 6, was born in short branches of axillary, with the majority of stamens, anther 2 room, was born in the top of the short shank; Female flowers of the trunk every 2 ~ 3 short branches, each flower has a long handle, handle the two forks, each with 1 carpel, ovule enclosed was born, usually only 1 ovule developed. Seeds drupe, obovate or elliptic, 2.5 ~ 3 cm, pale yellow, white powdery wax; Testa fleshy, odor; The kind of skin pale, bone, on both sides of the edge; Endosperm abundant, cotyledons 2. Flowering time 4 ~ 5 months. Fruiting 7 ~ 10 months.

【 characteristics 】 the dry seeds obovate or elliptic, slightly flat, diameter 1.5 2.5 cm long, the short diameter of 1-1.5 cm. Shell (seed) white or gray, smooth, hard, edge article 2 coiling ridge, apex acuminate, base is round dot of handle. When the shell is long and flat circular seeds, peeling pale brown film at one end. Seeds pale yellow or yellow-green, inside white, powdery. Center has a gap. Near the top of the cotyledons 2 pieces or more. Micro, sweet, bitter taste. With shells and seeds, white in colour white is preferred. Most regions of the country have produced. Agriculture in guangxi, sichuan, henan, shandong, hubei, liaoning and other places.

Chemical composition 】 【 seeds contain a small amount of cyanogen glucoside, gibberellin and dynamic sample material. Also in the endosperm isolated two RNA enzymes. General form as follows: protein, fat, carbohydrate, 2.4 6.4 36%, 10 mg calcium, phosphorus 218 mg % 1 mg, iron, carotene 320 micrograms, riboflavin 50 micrograms %, as well as a variety of amino acids.

Testa containing toxic ingredients white fruit acid, hydrogenated white fruit acid, hydrogenated gingko acid and ginkgo phenol and ginkgo alcohol. Still contain asparagine, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, bitterness, including alkanol - 10, etc.

Pollen contains various amino acid, glutamine and asparagine, protein, citric acid, sugar, etc. Male flowers contain raffinose could reach 4% of fresh weight.

[toxic] ginkgo poisoning, there is a record of ancient times namely, also reported frequently in recent years. Occurs mostly in autumn gingko mature season, because of much Fried food or cooking. To children under the age of 10 multiple, into a doll as well. Most suits to eat children from 7 to 150, ranging from 40 grain to grain of 300 adults. Poisoning of time 1 ~ 12 hours after food. Give priority to with the central nervous system symptoms, characterized by vomiting, coma, lethargy, fear, convulsions, consciousness or glaze, increased body temperature, breathing difficulties, was blue, miosis or loose big, slow light, and abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc., the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils. A few cases with peripheral nerve dysfunction, the two lower extremities completeness flaccid paralysis or paresis, tenderness all disappear. The majority of patients, the treatment can recover, but there are a few dies as a result of poisoning heavy or rescue too late. Is thought to cause poisoning and the weight of the poisoning, and the landscape of the age, physical strength and swallowing how many there is a close relationship. The greater the possibility, the smaller the age poisoning is still the poisoning degree; The drug, the more the physique weaker, the higher the mortality.

[up] white nuts: jian net impurities, remove the crust. Cooked ginkgo: jian net of ginkgo, steamed, Fried or heat, to the shell.

Sexual flavour gan 】 bitter, flat, poisonous.

(1) "drink board was" : "taste bitter, non-toxic.

(2) the material medica south yunnan: "gan, ping, the cold sex."

(3) "of materia medica" : "bitter, astringent, ping." "Deli micro bitter sweet, warm, have small poison."

"To the" into the lung, kidney meridian.

(1) "of materia medica" : "into the lungs."

(2) "Ben hui said:" with lunar, sun."

(3) "new materia medica", "into the heart, lung, and kidney."

The folding of the lung function of attending 】 【 gas, asthma, and check with muddy, narrow. To treat asthma, phlegm syndromes, leucorrhea, gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, gonorrhea, urine frequency.

(1) three yuan yanshou book: "raw solution wine."

Material medica: (2) the south yunnan "DaChuang don't s, white flesh honey pill: association with steamed glutinous rice with walnut mash of cream suit, choke feed nausea, gonorrhea, cold shower; pound apply temple, check head eye pain, and apply the unknown swollen poison."

(3) collection of the essence of ":" heat of cooked food, check frequency to urinate."

(4) "medical introduction" : "clear lung and stomach's polluted air, phlegm asthma, cough."

(5) "of materia medica", "deli wen lung qi, asthma, narrow, check gonorrhea; raw phlegm reduction, insecticidal sterilization and (dao) besmear nose surface brothers, go 皶 bubble, 皯 dark, Cun wrinkle and malnutrition scale unseen, crab louse."

6 "new materia medica", "air compensating yangxin, kidney Yin, cough except vexed, raw meat, abscess, pull the itch carbuncle sore elimination tumor."

7 "compendium will read" : "the folding of the lung cough inverse, downward phlegm dampness saliva."

Was "modern practical medicine", "nucleolus breathing, dizziness, tinnitus, chronic drench turbidity and woman down. Pulp dolly as patch agent, the foaming effect; vegetable oil immersion, more than one year for tuberculosis."

Pet-name ruby "shandong traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)", "treat spermatorrhea, enuresis."

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 1.5 ~ 3 money; Dao juice or the pill, powder. External use: apply.

【 note 】 do not taken a real evil person.

Material medica: (1) the daily feed more indicates "pneumatic wind. Children eating faint huo, hair surprised cause malnutrition. Eel fish food with light wind."

(2) "of materia medica" : "feed more crack is expanding."

【 compound 】 (1) cure shrews asthma: gingko 21 (shelled smashed, Fried yellow), ephedra, three money two money, Perilla licorice a money, coltsfoot flower three money, almond money five points (peel tip), mulberry three money (honey), radix scutellariae money five points (fry), legal pinellia three money (if no, liquorice decoction using seven times, umbilical use). On the water for three minutes, fry 2 minutes, made two suits, each take one clock, informality. (keep fit all the nostrum anti-asthma soup)

(2) to treat wet dreams: ginkgo three grains. Cooking wine, even four or five days. (" hunan drugs ")

(3) to treat red leucorrhea, yuan under virtual vigilant: ginkgo, lotus meat, polished glutinous rice every five money. Silky fowl for the end of one, to intestinal sheng medicine, hollow food. (" faces the lake set JianFang ")

(4) to treat infantile diarrhea: gingko, two eggs. Will go to the end of the bark, gingko eggs break a hole, loading at the end of the ginkgo, burn cooked food. (the new doctor of Chinese herbal medicine therapy data yindong) in Inner Mongolia

(5) for all im wind dirty poison: ginkgo 49. To shell membrane, bad research, the best medicine decoction, at the end of the pill as marbles. Take three pills each, hollow thin chew rice drink. (the card to treat gist ")

6 cure tooth worm dew: ginkgo, chewing a after each food, good. (" always kind of eagle party ")

All landowners treat nasal surface wine 皶 : ginkgo, wine 酻 worse. With chewed, night TuDan wash. (" cure a wood set to ")

End up leading cure ringworm sores: raw white nut cutting, wipe perlocutionary frequency. (" secret experience party ")

Pet-name ruby bottom malnutrition cure sore: gingko, pestle, coating. (" lifesaver XianFang)

Attending to treat breast carbuncle gangrene: ginkgo half jins. To the four research of wine and two to four two research apply. (" emergency yi fang)

Clinical application of treatment of tuberculosis: 】 has some effect to improve symptoms. After taking part of the patient's fever, night sweats, cough, asthma, coughing up blood, loss of appetite, etc., different degrees of improvement. Usage: on the eve of the Mid-Autumn festival, will be half green with yellow ginkgo biloba (select appearance intact large particles) remove, wash, water is not to handle, immediately immersed in the salad oil, dip can be used in the full 100 days. Take 1 capsule a day early, middle and late (reduction) pediatrics, anteprandial take, depending on the disease take 1 ~ 3 months

[from] the Chinese medicine dictionary

"The Chinese material medica: gingko nuts

Ginkgo medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Bai Gu ǒ

"Alias" duck feet and spiritual eyes, nails, Buddha refers to mandarin

【 origin 】 from 1. The daily material medica.

2. "of materia medica" : ginkgo, native jiangnan, victory is in xuancheng, tree high, three zhangs, leaves thin, ZongLi just like duck palm, have notched, face green back light, February flower clusters, bluish white, two more flowering, and then landed, people are rare. A few of the form such as persimmon, the frost is ripe, rotten meat to take nuclear for fruit, its nuclear pointed at both ends and its kernel green when young, long yellow.

3. "along with interest in eating spectrum" : ginkgo in poison, fainting, such as drunk, gingko nuts shell or solution of a kind of preserved fish head cook the soup. Food or too much, don't even save, it is necessary to know the living also.

4. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in sichuan province

【 origin 】 medicinal material base source: ginkgo biloba seeds of ginkgo biloba plants.

Latin animal plant mineral name: Ginkgo biloba L.

Harvesting and storage: qiu seeds mature after harvest, remove the meat testa, washed, dried, when breaking seeds.

【 】 the original form of ginkgo biloba, deciduous trees, up to 40 m. Branches have long branch and short branch, wintry light gray bark brown, shallow longitudinal crack, old beige, deep slit. Ye Zaichang branches scattered, spiral in a short branches 3-5 (8) tufted; Handle 3-10 cm long; Fan blades, pale green, glabrous, with 2 fork tied for the most fine vein, top 5 -- 8 cm wide, shallow wavy, sometimes the shallow crack or deep cleft. Dioecious, flowers unisexual, dilute homologous strain; Was born in short branches at the top of the cone within a scaly leaf axils; Male cone into catkin shape, drooping; Female cone has long stem, stem end points 2 forks, each fork a red disc beads, each bead born one ovule, only a develop into seeds. Seeds drupe, elliptic to nearly globose, 2.5 3.5 cm long, ca. 2 cm; Testa fleshy, white powder, when light yellow or orange; Seed in bone, white, 2-3 edges; In the seed coat membranous, is rich in the endosperm. Flowering 3-4 month, October 9 - seed maturity.

Ecological environment habitat division 】 【 : born in an altitude of 500-1000 - m acidic soil, good drainage area of natural forests.

Resource distribution: distribution in shenyang north, south of guangzhou, east east China, southwest to guizhou, yunnan has cultivated.

【 cultivation 】 1. Biological characteristics The warm and humid climate, cold resistant and drought tolerant, xi Yang, avoid waterlogging. In 10-18 ℃, annual average temperature is not lower than the absolute lowest temperature in winter minus 20 ℃, annual rainfall of 600-1500 - mm of climate and soil deep sandy soil to grow well. Should not be in the slope, water, or salt is too heavy to planted in soil.

2. The cultivation techniques With seeds, plant breeding and grafting. Seed breeding Seeds after the autumn harvest, the seeding or the following spring, spring to sand sprouting, seeding rate per 1 hm600-675 kg, horizontal ditch, ditch from 25 to 30 cm, 4 cm deep, every 10 cm 1 seed sowing, 3-4 cm, turns the soil when miao 25 -- 30 cm tall, autumn leaves after transplanting. Points in plant breeding Select and remain from the old female parent tree root rice seedlings strong 4-5 plants strong seedlings, high 1 m or so when transplanting. Grafting reproduction Born in 30 years, growing strong and high yield female plant choose 2-3 years branches as a scion, root stock by seed reproduction of the west, with grafting or subcutaneous grafted scion grafting method. Engraftment, general early spring planting, plant spacing 5-6 cm or 7-8 m, before engraftment saplings size open hole, hole depth of 40 to 50 cm, 60-70 cm wide, such as seedling after taproot is too long, can be a little trim. Hole, filling water, then earth up into a mound. Configuration according to 5% of the total number of male trees, male tree according to the direction of the wind scattered planting, and pollination.

3. The field management Weed seed germination after 4 to 5 month, can topdressing human and animal manure or nitrogen fertilizer seedlings. After July and October each weeding topdressing human and animal dung manure water or soil. After engraftment after each year before the germination of spring and the autumn leaves, in 60-100 cm away from the trunk open ring groove, 1 time in the human and animal manure. Branch grafting after four to five years, such as too much too close, need appropriate clip, and growth.

4. The prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests Seedling stem rot, be in commonly occurs after the rainy season. Disease seedlings base tan plaques early, phloem decay after fracture, the seedling of water. Method of prevention and cure, the summer should build charmilles, branches or keep moisture from row cover grass, shade. Put natural enemies pests have longicorn, hunted by manual or swollen legs bee for biological control. Camphor silkworm to shave their winter tree overwintering eggs, July 6 - remove silkworm chrysalis, and use the marathon at the beginning of 1000 times liquid spray hatching larvae. Otherwise verdigris beetle, black chest termite harm.

[character] properties identification Remove the testa seeds ovate or elliptic, 1.5 3 cm long, 1-2.2 cm wide. Shell (seed in bone, smooth, the surface yellowish-white or pale tan, base with a round dot protuberant, edge each have 1 the ridge, I see three ridge. The seed coat membranous, reddish brown or yellowish brown. Seeds spheroid, pale yellow, endosperm thick, opaque, there are gaps among; embryo minimal. No gas, tiny sweet, bitter taste. With shell color yellow and seeds, broken face yellow is preferred.

2. The microscopic identification Powder characteristics Yellowish brown. (1) starch grains of single grain round, round or ovoid, 5-18 microns long umbilical point dotted, cracks, head of a bird or fork, large visible lines. (2) the stone cell round, oblong or scalloped, 61-322 microns long, 27-125 microns in diameter, wall thickness, the pit and the hole groove, visible lines, some cell containing yellow brown or reddish brown. (3) in seed coat parenchyma cells square, rectangular or polygonal. (4) endosperm cell class round or oblong, contain starch grains. More than 5 bordered pit tracheid broken, 33-72 microns in diameter, end acuminate or obtuse.

Seeds contain toxic ingredients, chemical composition 】 【 4 - O - methyl pyridoxine (4 - O - methylpyridoxine), called ginkgo toxin (ginkgotoxin). Also contain 6 - (8-15 carbon alkenyl) - 2, 4 - dihydroxy benzoic acid [6 - (pentadec - 8 - enyl) - 2, 4 - dihy - droxybenzoic acid], 6-13 alkyl - 2, 4 - dihydroxy benzoic acid (6 - tridecy - 2, 4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid), waist acidity (anacaridc acid and potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper and other 25 kinds of element). Seeds contain protein, fat, carbohydrate, sugar, etc.

[pharmacological action] 1. Antibacterial effect White pulp, white juice, ginkgo phenol, especially white fruit acid in vitro test of mycobacterium tuberculosis and bovine TB has inhibitory effect. Ginkgo extract 150-200 mg/kg/day to fill the stomach of one type of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of guinea pigs have obvious therapeutic effect. Has also reported that white juice, white flesh, ginkgo phenol, acidity, in vivo test (treatment) mice and guinea pigs, no significant curative effect, or toxicity is too big. Of oil-immersed ginkgo fruit pulp contains antibacterial ingredients for some kinds of gram positive and negative bacteria have a role (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria bacillus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus subtilis, e. coli, salmonella typhi, etc.), and extremely significant effect on bacteria. The components by 85 ℃ heat lose effect on escherichia coli, and by 100 ℃ for 30 minutes for TB stand still has inhibitory effect. Ginkgo water immersion (1:2) in vitro of violet, Mr MAO versicolor bacterium ang's small buds versicolor bacterium, star slave dog bacterium and other 7 kinds of skin fungi show the bacteriostatic action. Ginkgo fruit skin antibacterial force is strong.

2. On the function of the respiratory system Ginkgo by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol extract to mice, can make the respiratory tract of phenol red shedding increases, like a dosage-effect relation. The in vitro performance has a weak guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle relaxation effect.

3. The role of circulation system Ginkgo phenol 2 500 mg/kg of rabbit has a short antihypertensive effect. Capillary permeability increase, the guinea pigs in the most obvious, and the second is the rat and rabbit, rat limb perfusion experiment showed that ginkgo phenol with histamine release function, causes the capillary permeability increase, cause oedema, against this action and chlorpheniramine maleate.

4. The free radical scavenging effect: water-soluble ingredients can remove from exopleura of ginkgo bbiloba l. in the presence of aerobic xanthine oxidase system to produce the super oxygen free radicals, inhibit chemiluminescence. Elderly mice oral 12 days later, can prevent the spleen tissue of senile pigment grain to form, and make the particles pigment dispersion, decrease in the number.

In 5. Other works: fresh ginkgo ginkgo phenol, to retiring rabbit intestinal paralysis effects, make uterine contractions in vitro, the frog heart had no effect. Gingko seeds contain nitrogen free neutral compounds, mice subcutaneously 6 mg/g, after half an hour can cause convulsions, bulbar paralysis, immediately stop breathing, heartbeat, and die. Central monarchy which contain hydrocyanic acid, can cough and poisoning, but failed to check the presence of hydrocyanic acid; Also have said no proof that ginkgo cause convulsions of the substances contained in mice. White pulp is convergent.

"Toxic" with "white nuts in a neutral crystalline composition, of mice and convulsions, and then failed to confirm containing such substances, for animal feeding with ginkgo in great quantities, also do not have any special poisoning. Have "testa contains cause dermatitis ginkgo poison (Ginkgotoxin), similar to cantharidin. After the juice, africans tend to cause skin irritation symptoms such as peeling, tenderness, oral produce strong intestinal irritation. Give a feeding mice with a large number of white fruit powder or daily to guinea pig gastric crude extractings from white pulp acid composition is 150-200 mg/kg, a total of 60 days, and loss of appetite, weight loss, degree of liver damage, glomerulonephritis, and even death. White fruit acid has hemolysis effect, nuts contain neutral elements, mice subcutaneously 6 mg/kg and cause convulsions and death.

[up] 1. White nuts: jian net impurities, remove the crust.

2. Cooked ginkgo: pick a net of ginkgo, steamed, Fried or heat, to the shell.

Sexual flavour gan 】; Bitter; Astringent; Flat; Small poison

[to the] lung; Kidney meridian

The folding of the lung function of attending 】 【 set out; Check with urine. The main asthma phlegm syndromes; Leucorrhea. Gonorrhea; Spermatorrhea; Frequency; Unknown swollen poison; 皶 nose; Ringworm sores

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 3-9 g; Or juice. External use: right amount, dao fu; Or biopsy.

【 note 】 1. Do not taken a real evil person. Raw or Fried food can cause excessive poisoning, particularly common pediatric mistake poisoning.

【 compound 】 anti-asthma soup "keep fit all the nostrum"; When yi's "Fu Qing main women's";

1. Each paper 】 【 "of materia medica" : ginkgo, the song name as the original, but fix materia medica, not close also when the formulas. Its thin thick taste, astringent and closed, profit lung qi, asthma, and narrow, insecticidal sterilization. Eat much is closed too, but a crack gas indicates bulge out. So "ginkgo can intoxicate plant-based phase feeling", and "three yuan yanshou book said yesterday, have a hungry man with ginkgo for meals full, all die the next day. Deli wen lung qi, asthma, narrow, check gonorrhea; Raw phlegm reduction, disinfection insecticidal; (dao) with nasal surface brothers, go to rash, bubble Cun wrinkle and mange malnutrition, crab louse.

2. Three yuan yanshou book: raw food therapy.

3. The compendium of material medica: south yunnan DaChuang less s white pulp with glutinous rice steamed honey pill; With walnut mash of cream suit, choke feed nausea, gonorrhea, cold shower; Mash apply temple, check head eye pain, and apply the unknown swollen poison.

4. The collection of the essence of ": heat the cooked food, check frequency to urinate.

5. The medicine introduction: clear lung and stomach's polluted air, phlegm asthma, cough.

6. "new materia medica" : tonifying qi yangxin, kidney Yin, cough except vexed, raw meat, abscess, pull the itch carbuncle sore elimination tumor.

7. "Ben was reading" : the folding of the lung cough inverse, downward phlegm dampness saliva.

8. "modern practical medicine" : nucleolus breathing, dizziness, tinnitus, chronic drench turbidity and woman down. Pulp dolly as patch agent, foaming effect; Vegetable oil immersion, more than one year for tuberculosis.

9. Journal of shandong traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) : spermatorrhea, enuresis.

[from] the Chinese material medica