Side of traditional Chinese medicine (61) the fingered citron with spleen and stomach

Morphological characteristics

Evergreen small trees or shrubs. LaoZhi celadon, branches slightly purple, there is short and hard thorns. Leaves alternate; Petiole short, 3 -- 6 mm long, wingless, without joints; Leaves leathery, oblong or ovoid, oblong, 5-16 cm long, 2.5 7 cm wide, apex obtuse, sometimes emarginated, base nearly rounded or cuneate, margin with shallow wavy obtuse serrate. Flower solitary, tufted or raceme; Calyx cup-shaped, 5 shallow crack, lobes triangular; Petals 5, white inside, outside the purple; Stamens numerous; In the upper room oval, narrow pointed. Hesperidium ovate or oblong, apex splitting, such as boxing, or open fingertips, the crack number represents the carpel, orange surface, rough, light yellow flesh. Seeds several, ovate, apex acute, sometimes is not fully developed. Ripeness term flowering 4-5 months, 10 to 12 months.

Ecological habit

Bergamot for tropical and subtropical plants, like the warm, humid, and sunny environment, not cold, afraid of frost and drought resistance, resistance to Yin, desert resistance, resistance to waterlogging. With adequate rainfall. The winter without freezing region is advisable.

1, temperature, the optimum growth temperature 22 ~ 24 ℃, the winter temperature 5 ℃ or more;

2, water, annual precipitation in 1000 ~ 1200 mm is the most appropriate;

3, illumination, annual sunshine hours of 1200 ~ 1800 hours advisable.

4, soil: suitable for soil deep, loose, fertile, rich in humus and drainage acid loam, silty loam and clay loam of good growth.

Distribution range

Bergamot in guangdong more than planting in 300 ~ 500 meters above sea level in the hilly plain open areas, while in sichuan throughout the foothills of the 400 ~ 700 meters above sea level, especially at the top of the hill.

grow

1, cutting numerous plants

Before cutting: cutting persons born 7 ~ 8 years of robust trees, cut to thrive, LaoJian branches without plant diseases and insect pests, cut off the leaves and tender tip at the top, cut growth 17 to 20 centimeters of cutting, cutting survival rate of over 90%, talent is also very robust growth. Every young trees or water sprout branches, is not available. Because of this kind of result is often difficult to branch plant.

Site preparation: cutting seedbed had better choose thicker sand soil, so as to take in the future. To choose the right after, deep tillage work at fine, human and animal manure, made 1.3 meters wide ridge, furrow, about 30 cm wide, about 20 cm deep.

Spring and autumn 8 ~ 2 ~ 3 month 9 month can be cutting, cutting to the autumn best. Autumn cuttings when can use, in the second year after the spring sprout grow quickly; When inserted in the strip transverse groove, groove from 23 to 27 cm; According to the planting distance 15 to 17 cm insert cutting groove, must not fall. Usually about cutting root 12000-15000 per acre. After turns the soil compaction, apex a bud exposed soil surface, soil dry to pour water.

Seedling stage management: inserted after watering irrigation at any time; Volunteer to do and to scaffolding shade, rain drainage works. Miao 7 to 10 cm tall, to remove of weak seedling, stay strong seedling of a piece of one. Timely weeding, topdressing delicate human and animal manure or ammonium sulfate 3-4 times, cultivating a year can be transplanting.

2, grafting propagation

In the spring and autumn period and the two seasons. Better with citron or lemon as the root stock. Cuttings or seed propagation is commonly used in the root stock. Grafting methods are: bergamot

bergamot

Inarching method: 8 ~ 9 month, root stock choose 2-3 cm in diam. Stem, root developed, 4 ~ 5 years living plants grow strong, cut in the bottom of the stem base branch to branch, leaving a branch, in cutting down to one side of the branch height again to some layer, then choose a year spring or autumn branches as a scion, similar to the thickness and the stock, 5-7 cm long, the side at the bottom of the scion is cut to the following parts of the cortex, and then on the cut surface of the stock on the cut surface of the scion, the two sides closed, central bound tightly with the plastic sheeting, after about a week to heal. After the cut off after the interface more than the root stock.

Cut side grafting method: in the middle of march on, will cut the root stock in 5-7 cm above the ground, with a grafting knife cut light, made smooth and partly on the slightly woody diagonal plane, 1-1.5 cm deep. Take 2-3 bud scion, 1-1.5 cm and the bottom cut into long cuneate, then the root stock and scion cut skin to straight incision, tightly inserted within the incision of the scion, tied with the plastic sheeting, general and a half months after healing and sprout out long. At this time must be digging weeding. 45 to 60 days, began to smoke tip, at this time should be the binder removal, otherwise the new tip is easy to bend.

Historical records

Bergamot, also known as citron, snow pear. Bergamot has cultivated in China's song dynasty, the poem "bergamot flower" poems said "Dan yuan's lamb paint fine jasmine floating, pale light row refers to sample soft. Table sweetmeats net bottles of anshun, but also the others don't." Suitable for bedroom desk. Legend for twenty-nine years of the reign of emperor kangxi (0690), anxi jinbang rides a tiger is rock an old monk, with tea tree and grafted on the citron and (see ZhuangCanZhang anxi tea industry survey). Kangxi 43 years (in 1705), the incoming series of Po village lions peak. Tea, oolong tea, the tight knot, fatness, curled in hao dry, embellish of black of colour and lustre arenaceous green, high sweet taste, looked, orange, clear, yellow, green, bright leaves, and unique style; Black tea, looked red thick, red leaves, and in good quality. Bergamot is classified as tea tree improved variety of fujian province in 1996. Anxi cultivation is less, now producing of yongchun county, fujian mindong, northern has a small introduction.

Application value

Ornamental value

Red pine gold Buddha hand ornamental value is different from general bonsai flowers. Bergamot bergamot flowers white, aroma, and a bunch of a bunch of open and very attractive. The fruit mature period, its shape is like a finger, hand clenched form, finger and hand set of hand form... Such as manpower, perfectly. Mature gold Buddha hand color golden, and can always overflow fragrance. GuaGuo time is long, there are 3-4 months, or longer, to watch for a long time.

Medicinal value

Red pine gold Buddha hand the whole body is treasure. Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit can be used as a medicine, sheen, bitter, sweet, warm, non-toxic; Into the liver, spleen and stomach, qi phlegm, anti-nausea bulge, the liver spleen and stomach, and other medicinal function. Bronchitis and asthma of the aged has obvious relief; For the average person indigestion, tightness in the chest and abdominal distention, have more significant effect. Akamatsu gold Buddha hand can be made into many kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, long suit has the role of health life. [1]

The economic value

Because red pine gold Buddha hand has high ornamental value and medicinal value, bergamot its economic value is relatively high. Made of gold Buddha hand various medicinal liquor, fragrant, GanChun beauty, many times by expert affirmation; Made of gold Buddha hand health care tea, won the national patent, the tea quality supervision, inspection and test center identification by ministry of agriculture, Buddha hand health care tea contains many kinds of amino acids, vitamins and trace elements necessary for human, is a new excavation of the motherland heritage treasure house of Chinese herbal medicine; With a gold Buddha hand fruit, bark, leaf extract aromatic oil, has been internationally advanced cigarette flavor as an important raw material. Experts say, the use of bergamot made from processed foods, beverages, bergamot wine has very broad prospects.

bergamot

Bergamot medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Fo the Sh ǒ u

[English] FRUCTUS CITRI SARCODACTYLIS

"Alias" bergamot, hand mandarin

【 origin 】 this product is rutaceae plants of the genus Citrus bergamot Citrus medica l. var. Sarcodactylis Swingle dry fruit. Autumn fruit has not yet become yellow or turn yellow when the harvest, the vertical slice, dry or dry at low temperature.

【 characteristics 】 this product is a kind of elliptic or ovate, often shrivel or curly. 6 ~ 10 cm long, 3 ~ 7 cm wide, 0.2 0.4 cm thick. Slightly wider at the top, often have 3 ~ 5 finger shaped crack disc, base slightly narrow, some visible stem. Skin yellow or orange, with wrinkles and point. Yellow white flesh, scattered with uneven line or dot vascular bundles. After qualitative hard and brittle, be affected with damp be affected with damp flexible. Fragrant and sweet taste bitter.

[identify] (1) this product powder light tan. Mesocarp parenchyma is numerous, irregular or classes of cells are round, uneven wall thickening. The skin epidermis cell surface of irregular polygon, accidentally see kind of circular hole. Calcium oxalate Fang Jing piece exists in parenchyma cells of polygon, a polyhedral shape, lozenge or double cone.

(2) apply the powder 1 g, add 10 ml, anhydrous ethanol ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, filtration, the filtrate to concentrate, and anhydrous ethanol 0.5 ml to dissolve, as the test solution. Another finger citron contrast medicinal materials 1 g, with the legal system into a controlled medicine solution. According to thin layer chromatography (appendix Ⅵ B) test, each 2 mu l learned these two solution, each point in the same silica G thin layer plate, cyclohexane - ethyl acetate (3:1) as developing agent,, remove and dry, can be examined under a uv lamp (365 nm). In the chromatogram of the test, chromatographic corresponding to the position, show the same color of the fluorescent spots.

Simba, bitter, acid, sexual flavour 】 【 temperature.

"To the" return to liver, spleen, lung.

【 function attending 】 comfortable liver-qi, and stomach pain. For liver stomach and qi stagnation, chest pain, the diagnosis the new full, eat less vomiting.

【 usage and dosage 】 3 ~ 9 g.

【 storage 】 a cool and dry place, mouldproof, moth-proofing.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"