Side of traditional Chinese medicine (71), water detumescence kelp

Sexual flavour to the

【 sex flavor 】 : salty; Cold; Non-toxic.

Material medica: (1) the Wu Pu acid salt, cold, non-toxic.

(2) "new materia medica", taste bitter, cold, non-toxic.

[to the] : liver, stomach and kidney meridian.

(1) the agent to medicine points: into the stomach.

(2) "new materia medica", into the spleen.

Efficacy function

Sputum elimination soft firm; The water detumescence. The main scrofula; The thyroid; Choke diaphragmatic; Crashing (Ed) hernia foot edema. Used to gallae, scrofula, testicular swelling, sputum water swelling.

(1) "don't record" : the twelve edema, gall, coalescence, impotent sores.

(2) the medicinal theory: the waterway, go to face is swollen, to evil sores rat fistula.

(3) "compendium gleanings" : the egg is swollen.

(4) Cui Yuxi feed the sutra: nine fistula wind hot, despair an illusion of hot, hands and feet ache bi, to live with her glory.

5. "Ben tong xuan" : the main choke diaphragm.

6. Yao can into the food material medica: surimi, the main women leucorrhea with red, wet dream man essence.

7 "jade Chinese catalpa medicine solution" : drain to wet, broken product soft firm. Heat, water, gas drum up water swelling, scrofula gall, epilepsy hernia evil sores, and work with seaweed, kelp.

Today: modern practical Chinese medicine treat oedema, disease, wet beriberi. And treat goiter, chronic bronchitis, cough.

Folding editor this period of efficacy

The anti-oxidation, anti-cancer effect strongly basic 】 【.

【 sexual flavour to the salty, cold. Liver, stomach and kidney meridian.

Soft firm attending function 】 【 fights, eliminating phlegm, and water. Used to gallae, scrofula, testicular swelling, sputum water swelling.

【 usage and dosage 】 6 ~ 12 g.

【 storage 】 dry place.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

Use attention

Do not taken wet person taste xu han yun.

Material medica: (1) the diet of gas, long thin people.

(2) the collection of the essence of ": the pregnancy is not suit.

(3) the medicine introduction: stomach virtual clothing.

The main value

Kelp is a kind of high nutritional value of vegetables, each hectogram dry kelp contains: crude protein 8.2 grams, fat 0 kelp

kelp

. 1 g, the 57 g sugar, crude fiber 9.8 grams, inorganic salt 12.9 grams, 2.25 grams of calcium, iron, 0.15 g, and 0.57 mg carotene, thiamine (vitamin B1) 0.69 mg, riboflavin (vitamin B2) 0.36 mg, 16 mg niacin, emits 262 calories. Compared with spinach, cole, in addition to vitamin C, the crude protein, sugar, calcium, iron content were higher than several times, and more.

Kelp is a kind of high iodine content of algae. Breeding khumbu generally 3 ~ 5% containing iodine, much as 7 to 10%. To extract from iodine and algin, widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Iodine is one of the elements necessary for human body, iodine deficiency of goiter, feed more kelp can control the disease, also can prevent arteriosclerosis, lower cholesterol and lipid accumulation.

Kelp alginic acid sodium salt has leukemia and bone pain disease prevention role; For arterial bleeding hemostatic effect, oral can reduce the radioactive element strontium - 90 in the intestinal absorption. Alginic acid sodium has antihypertensive effect. Kelp starch has a lower blood lipid. Also found an extract of kelp have anti-cancer effect. Kelp mannitol in the treatment of acute kidney function decline, brain edema, encephalitis b, acute glaucoma are effective. Spleen and stomach cold eat less.

Dry fresh kelp as dark brown, black, leathery. Kelp coarse texture and grow slowly, yet for farming. Kelp can be cooking into: "kelp boil soya bean", "kelp seaweed soup", "kelp goose intestinal soup", etc., are very delicious. Since ancient times, kelp and medicinal herbs, referring to a lot of ancient medical books, such as "huang shu" : "can kelp, salty soft firm, its sex embellish, is to go to hot fights, attending twelve edema, impotent tumor junction (goiter), impotent sores (neck sores, for a long time but not more, often the ichor)."

Pharmacological effects

1. The role of thyroid: effect is caused by contains iodine, iodide. Kelp can be used to correct caused by a lack of iodine and thyroid insufficiency, also can temporarily suppress metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and alleviate the symptoms, but not durable, can make the preparation for surgery. After iodide into the tissue and blood, still can promote the absorption of pathological products such as inflammatory exudate, and can make the collapse of the pathological tissue and dissolved, reason for active tuberculosis typically don't have to. Kelp contains iodine, the purity of iodine, potassium iodide absorbed slowly, the body retention time long, the discharge is slow.

2. Antihypertensive effect: kelp glycine (Laminine) have antihypertensive effect, kelp glycine citrate salt on rabbit intravenous anesthesia alone, can make blood pressure dropped briefly, this role is not by atropine blocked; It does not affect block two side common carotid artery or booster response caused by injection of norepinephrine; In vivo and in vitro experiments, it can inhibit the heart amplitude, but does not affect the heart rate. Has a significant inhibitory effect on smooth muscle, such as the small intestine, bronchus, etc. And to fight against acetylcholine and serotonin, cause the shrinkage of barium chloride; In vitro rat small intestine, the efficacy of papaverine against acetylcholine 0.8%. In vitro in guinea pig vas deferens can enhance the effect of norepinephrine. The role of frog rectus is very weak. Kelp glycine single hydrochloride can step-down and inhibition in vitro rabbit intestine; But for in vitro rabbit heart has a mild stimulant.

3. Fall blood sugar function: kelp contains 30 ml/kg brown algae starch lavage has obvious fall blood sugar function to normal mice, dose of 100 mg/kg, after 7 hours, the blood sugar by 49%. Alginic acid sodium hypoglycemic effect is poorer, lavage is invalid, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection has obvious drop blood candy, dose of 300 m/kg, 7 hours, the blood sugar can be reduced by 38%. For four nitrogen pyrimidine hyperglycemia, brown algae starch 300 mg/kg to fill the stomach, after 24 hours 61% lower blood sugar; By intraperitoneal injection of sodium alginic acid 300 mg/kg; 39% lower blood sugar, and lavage is invalid. See article algae other role.

4. Fall hematic fat and anticoagulation: kelp polysaccharide lavage for many times, can obviously inhibit blood fat chicken serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels rise, and can reduce the chicken aortic intima formation and development of atheromatous plaque. Seaweed polysaccharide has anticoagulant effect in vivo and in vitro, in its anticoagulant activity of 7 heparin u/mg. For many patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in addition to have high cholesterol, blood is often in a state of high condensation. Therefore, seaweed polysaccharides have fall hematic fat and anticoagulant function at the same time, has certain significance on clinical.

5. Radiation resistant: 1 injections, seaweed polysaccharide can obviously improve the survival rate 900 Mr Rudd irradiation in mice, and increasing survival rate increase to dose, hematopoietic tissue irradiation can significantly protect animals. Therefore, seaweed polysaccharides for prevention of hematopoietic tissue damage caused by radiation, stimulate hematopoietic recovery and enhance the immunity of the patients with cancer, combined radiotherapy may have certain practical significance.

6. Other works: kelp seaweed liquid extract of schistosomiasis infection cercaria rabbit, protective (decoction is invalid). In liquid extract of 2 g/kg in 1 day after infection of oral, 90 days in a row, the rabbit schistosoma worm body number listed in the control group significantly reduced, especially in the liver lesions than the control group for mild, normal structure roughly save, only a small amount of eggs nodule formation, no significant fibrosis around, especially it is hard to find a new eggs. Mice oral seaweed, kelp and compound of scorpion, the centipede (carcinoma (Dan) decoction, has inhibitory effect on airy ascites carcinoma. Kelp element mesh of rat sarcoma IRE (no effect on the (ascites). From L.C loustoni M, propose the khumbu sulfate in intravenous (people) after removal of blood fat, increase of lipoprotein electrophoresis ability, change the distribution of lipoprotein are similar to those of heparin, only short duration (4 to 6 hours). No significant effect of intramuscular injection (100 mg), may be due to not enough doses. Seaweed extract of algin acid sodium, the animals of the femoral artery hemorrhage, according to the cloud have hemostatic effect.

Common choice

1, to treat gall TB, 癳 癳 swollen hard: kelp one or two (wash into taste). Dao for bulk. Each with a money to cotton wrapped in good dipped in vinegar, including pharyngeal tianjin taste sensation, which contain the again. (the holy benevolence formulae)

2, cure cervical died under the knot capsule, gradually to the into gall: kelp, seaweed uniform. At the end of the honey pill, such as apricot nuclear, ham, and a little swallow juice, four, five. (the elbow rear)

3, to treat gall gas early knot, indicates tightness in the throat, don't put the gradually enlarged: three two betel nut, algae two (wash), kelp three two washes away (salty water). At the end of the prescription, dao luo for refining honey and pellets, such as small marbles, often containing a pill to tianjin. (the holy benevolence formulae)

4, treat gall, XiongGe full plug, throat neck gradually thick: kelp two (wash salty juice), ricepaperplant pith, one or two bad two sheep (main), sea clams one or two (r), horsetail algae one or two (wash salty juice). On five tastes, honey pill like marbles, including pharyngeal juice. Avoid lettuce, hot surface, grilled meat, garlic, bamboo shoots. (the wider economic party khumbu pill)

5, hong ke gas choking can't eat: kelp (at the end of the wash, roasting,) one or two, pile head pestle fine bran a close, a total of research. Opens and closes with the old cow stripping, raw juice a match a lily, slowly stir Fried into honey to cream, and at the end of the pestle pills, such as Gordon euryale seed. Take one pill, each containing the swallow. (" st. Xavier always record the khumbu party)

6, gas, bladder to hinder, proper gas under: kelp 1 catty, rice Gan juice soak a night, wash salty, with a bucket of water, boiled to ripe, he broke three inches longer, broadly four or five points, still take worship a hold, 2 inch cut off of the brake, and cooking make more kelp is extremely bad, still under salt, trample, loosened, net weight, a Huo method, shall not make salty acid, such as ginger, orange peel, pepper at the end of the harmonic, appropriate food japonica rice rice, japonica rice porridge, seaweed also in accordance with this law, a gas, big effect, avoid is nothing. (the wider economic party khumbu Huo method)

"Chinese pharmacopoeia" : kelp

The medicine name 】 kelp

"Pinyin" K ū n Bu

[English] THALLUS LAMINARIAE/THALLUS ECKLONIAE

【 origin 】 this product is a seaweed plant kelp Laminaria japonica Aresch. Algae plants or wing kelp (lantern food) Ecklonia kurome Okam. Dry thallus. Summer, autumn season 2 dredge, dry.

【 description 】 kelp: curly fold shape, or form a put. All show dark brown or greenish brown, covered by frost. For soft expansion into a long flat strip, 50-150 cm long, 10 ~ 40 cm wide, central thicker, thinner and wave shaped edges. Class leathery, remaining flat cylindrical handle department. Xing, salty taste.

Kelp: curly shrivel into irregular clumps. All in black, thin. Water maceration is flat in the leaf, width is about 16 ~ 26 cm, about 1.6 mm thick; On both sides of the deep and pinnate, lobes long tongue shaped, with small teeth on edge or margin entire. Quality and smoothly.

[identify] (1) the product thickness, water soak the inflation, slimy surface, the adhesion transparent phlegmatic. Hand twist kelp is not layered, stratified for kelp.

(2) this product about 10 g, cut up, 200 ml of water, soak for several hours, filtration, the filtrate concentrated to around 100 ml. Concentrate 2 ~ 3 ml, plus nitric acid and silver nitrate test liquid drops 1, namely emulsion precipitation generated yellow, slightly dissolve in ammonia solution, not dissolved in nitric acid.

[up] to remove impurities, rinse, slightly dry, wide cut and dry.

【 sex flavor 】 salty, cold.

"To the" liver, stomach and kidney meridian.

Soft firm attending function 】 【 fights, eliminating phlegm, and water. Used to gallae, scrofula, testicular swelling, sputum water swelling.

【 usage and dosage 】 6 ~ 12 g.

【 storage 】 dry place.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

The Chinese medicine dictionary: kelp

The medicine name 】 kelp

"Pinyin" K ū n Bu

"Alias" (compendium of material medica) Wu Pu nylon cloth, sea kelp (shandong traditional Chinese medicine).

【 origin 】 the Wu Pu material medica

【 origin 】 for kelp seaweed plants, algae plants or wing kelp, wakame thallus. Summer, autumn harvest, by take it out in the sea, to dry.

(1) the original form 】 【 kelp

Kelp, perennial plant matures into a strip, up to 6 meters. Fixation device thick fibrous roots, composed of rhizoid rounds of fork of differences, rhizoid have smoking a dish at the end. For cylindrical short shank, 5 ~ 15 cm long. Handle for the thallus, the top of the thallus was long ovoid, after gradually stretch into a strip, flat, 2 ~ 6 meters long, 20 ~ 50 cm wide, thick, leathery, central slightly thick, on both sides of thin, wavy ruffle. In reproductive sporangium thallus two sides.

In a cold ocean, many in dry and wet below 1 ~ 3 meters deep in the rocks. Distribution in shandong province, liaoning coastal areas. There are farmed.

The root of this plant fixation devices (kelp root) also for medicinal, another article detailed designed.

(2) the kelp, also known as: face it, black kelp, lantern.

Perennial kelp. Root fixation apparatus is composed of dendritic and shape rhizoid, overlapping rounds into cone, 5 ~ 15 cm in diameter. Petiole cylindrical or slightly oblate, implementing, 8 ~ 100 cm long and 10 ~ 15 mm in diameter, mucus of irregular ring cavity, scattered in the cortex. Thallus flat, leathery, small shrinkage, dark brown, thick 2 ~ 3 mm, 1 ~ 2 feather back deep cleft, two side lobes long tongue shape, base cuneate, margin usually coarsely serrate. Sori borne formed in the surface of the thallus, 9 ~ 11 month swam spores.

Born in low water line near the rocks. Distribution in fujian, zhejiang and other coastal areas.

(3) wakame (yao into a compendium of material medica) food

Kelp, perennial body length of about 1 ~ 2 m, up to 1 m wide. Fixation apparatus of fibrous roots, forked branch, on the lower end of the handle whorl. Short shank, nearly flat cylindrical, 10 ~ 15 mm in diam. Thallus flat, tan, soft leathery; With obvious uplift in the central main ribs, on both sides of the thin, usually forms the majority of feather soft lobes, lobes margin incision, sometimes is not divided, tends to ovate; Spread many small black spot, comprehensive densely mucous glands. Spring in the handle on both sides of the black fungus, thick and rich in overlapping creasing of the colloid, the enclosed sori hemispheroid, produce most spores.

Born in low water below 1 ~ 4 meters deep in the rock. Distribution of zhejiang, fujian, liaoning and other coastal areas.

【 description 】 (1) dry kelp thallus, curly fold, or bound form. All a green brown or dark brown, surface with frost. For soft expansion into flat ribbon, 50-150 cm long, 10 to 50 cm wide, thicker, central wave shaped edges thinner. Thick, leathery and stick-slip. Hand twist of stratification. Remaining flat cylindrical handle department. Have gamey smell, taste salty.

From shandong, liaoning and other places.

(2) dry kelp thallus, crimp shrinkage into irregular clumps. All in black, with white frost surface, thin. Water maceration is flat in the leaf, width were 15 to 26 cm, about 1.5 mm thick. On both sides of the feather deep cleft, lobes long tongue shape, with small teeth on edge. Qualitative soft, stripping for second hand twist. Have gamey smell, taste salty.

Produced in fujian province.

(3) the morphology of wakame and kelp are similar, but all are brown, thin and kneel, has broken. After soaked soft expansion flat in the leaf, the central one reinforced rib, and dissolution sample such as AGAR, lots of easy to stripping to second floor. Xing, salty taste.

Produced in zhejiang province.

The above three are as neat, qualitative thick, no impurity is preferred.

Kelp is a rich source of chemical composition 】 【 polysaccharide composition and kelp algin acid, mannitol, inorganic salt. Inorganic materials are one of 20 ~ 35%, water soluble salt contains potassium hydroxide 0.27 ~ 0.72% to 40%, iodine, calcium by about 1.06%, cobalt about 22 micrograms of 1.89 P.P.M. %, fluorine, and contained 0.042 0.77% of carotene (one), 1.229 ~ 1.710% (sold), riboflavin 810 micrograms of % %, 940 micrograms (two copies of one), still contain vitamin C, protein, proline and other amino acids.

Kelp contains algin acid 25.6%, crude protein 9.97%, 7.21%, ash 26.03% mannitol, iodine, potassium, 4.92% to 0.28%.

Wakame containing iodine, bromine, calcium by about 1.8%, algin acid, 1, 4 - thiazine - 3 - carboxylic acid S - oxide, and riboflavin % 210 ~ 1000 micrograms (second one), vitamin B12-0.7 micrograms % (sold), alanine, glycine, proline, don't isoleucine such as amino acids, organic acids by about 1.6%. Is isolated from the methanol extract oil plant linolenic acid methyl ester, alcohol, palmitic acid, fucus sterol, big brown sargasso sterol, friedelin, ryegrass lactone, mannitol.

Also isolated from Laminaria angustata and Ecklonia cava sea with glycine and were also found in a variety of algae in the sea with glycine.

[pharmacological action] (1) of the thyroid function

Its effect is caused by contains iodine, iodide. Kelp can be used to correct caused by a lack of iodine and thyroid insufficiency, also can temporarily suppress metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and alleviate the symptoms, but not durable, can make the preparation for surgery. After iodide into the tissue and blood, still can promote the absorption of pathological products such as inflammatory exudate. And can make the collapse of the pathological tissue and dissolved, reason for active tuberculosis typically don't have to.

Kelp contains iodine, the purity of iodine, potassium iodide absorbed slowly, the body retention time long, the discharge is slow.

(2) analysis,

Kelp glycine have antihypertensive effect, kelp glycine citrate salt on rabbit intravenous anesthesia alone, can make blood pressure dropped briefly, this role is not by atropine blocked; It does not affect block two side common carotid artery or booster response caused by injection of norepinephrine; In vivo and in vitro experiments, it can inhibit the heart amplitude, but does not affect the heart rate. Has a significant inhibitory effect on smooth muscle, such as the small intestine, bronchus, etc. And to fight against acetylcholine and serotonin, cause the shrinkage of barium chloride; In vitro rat small intestine, the efficacy of papaverine against acetylcholine 0.8%. In vitro in guinea pig vas deferens can enhance the effect of norepinephrine. The role of frog rectus is very weak. Kelp glycine single hydrochloride can step-down and inhibition in vitro rabbit intestine; But for in vitro rabbit heart has a mild stimulant.

(3) smooth wheezing cough

Kelp root crude extract of guinea pigs with asthma (histamine), sulfur dioxide method (0.59%) of rat, cat (electrical stimulation on laryngeal nerve method) has certain cough cough. Give the toxic dose can reduce animal movement, side in a coma and even death, different from codeine.

(4) other role

Kelp seaweed liquid extract of schistosomiasis infection cercaria rabbit, protective (decoction is invalid). In liquid extract 2 g/kg in 1 day after infection of oral, 90 days in a row, the rabbit body schistosoma worm number listed in the control group significantly reduced, especially in the liver lesions than the control group for mild, normal structure preserved, roughly only a small amount of eggs nodule formation, no significant fibrosis around, especially it is hard to find a new eggs. Mice oral seaweed, kelp and compound of scorpion, the centipede (carcinoma (Dan) decoction, has inhibitory effect on airy ascites carcinoma. Kelp element mesh of rat sarcoma IRE (no effect on the (ascites). To kelp polysaccharide, its low levels of sulfate compound (0.62 per glucose unit sulfuric acid root) and heparin are similar, there are clear blood lipid, but no significant role in blood, can be used in patients with atherosclerosis. From L.c loustoni M, propose the khumbu sulfate in intravenous (people) after removal of blood fat, increase of lipoprotein electrophoresis ability, change the distribution of lipoprotein are similar to those of heparin, only short duration (4 ~ 6 hours). No significant effect of muscle injection (100 mg), may be due to not enough doses. Seaweed extract of algin acid sodium, Yin of arterial hemorrhage in animals, according to the cloud have hemostatic effect. Other see article "seaweed" role.

Pick up 】 【 to impurities, use water net, wire cut into wide, dry.

【 sex flavor 】 salty, cold.

Material medica: (1) the Wu Pu acid salt, cold, non-toxic. ""

(2) "new materia medica", "taste bitter, cold, non-toxic.

[to the] (1) "to medicine points" : "into the stomach."

(2) "new materia medica" : "into the spleen through."

Soft firm, functional attending 】 【 water line. Scrofula, gall, choking diaphragmatic, edema, testicular swelling, taken down.

(1) "don't record", "main twelve edema, gall, coalescence, impotent sores."

(2) "medicinal theory", "channel, to face is swollen, to evil sores fistula of the rat."

(3) "compendium gleanings" : "Lord eggs swollen."

(4) Cui Yuxi "food", "despair an illusion of nine fistula wind hot, hot, hands and feet ache bi, to live with her glory."

5. "Ben tong xuan", "main choke diaphragmatic."

6. Yao into a compendium of material medica: food "wakame, main women leucorrhea with red, wet dream man essence."

7 "jade Chinese catalpa medicine solution", "drain to wet, broken product soft firm." "Clear heat, water, gas drum up water swelling, scrofula gall, evil sores, epilepsy hernia with seaweed, kelp work."

Today "modern practical medicine", "edema, disease, wet beriberi. And treat goiter, chronic bronchitis, cough."

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 1 ~ 3 money; Or the pill, powder.

【 note 】 do not taken wet person taste xu han yun.

Material medica: (1) "diet" under the gas, long thin people."

(2) the collection of the essence of ":" pregnancy nor take."

(3) introduction to medicine ", "gastric virtual clothing."

(1) to treat gall compound 】 【 gas TB, 癳 癳 swollen hard: kelp one or two (wash into taste). Dao for bulk. Each with a money to cotton wrapped in good dipped in vinegar, including pharyngeal tianjin taste sensation, which contain the again. (the holy benevolence formulae)

(2) to treat neck under single knot capsule, gradually to the into gall: kelp, seaweed uniform. At the end of the honey pill, such as apricot nuclear, ham, and a little swallow juice, four, five. (the elbow rear)

(3) to treat gall early gas knot, indicates tightness in the throat, no treatment is gradually enlarged: three two betel nut, algae two (wash), kelp three two washes away (salty water). At the end of the prescription, dao luo for refining honey and pellets, such as small marbles, often containing a pill to tianjin. (the holy benevolence formulae)

(4) to treat gall, XiongGe full plug, throat neck gradually thick: kelp two (wash salty juice), ricepaperplant pith, one or two bad two sheep (main), sea clams one or two (r), horsetail algae one or two (wash salty juice). On five tastes, honey pill like marbles, including pharyngeal juice. Avoid lettuce, hot surface, grilled meat, garlic, bamboo shoots. (the wider economic party khumbu pill)

5 diaphragm gas choking can cure food: kelp (at the end of the wash, roasting,) one or two, pile head pestle fine bran a close, a total of research. Opens and closes with the old cow stripping, raw juice a match a lily, slowly stir Fried into honey to cream, and at the end of the pestle pills, such as Gordon euryale seed. Take one pill, each containing the swallow. (" st. Xavier always record the khumbu party)

6 gas, bladder to hinder, proper gas under: kelp 1 catty, rice Gan juice soak a night, wash salty, with a bucket of water, boiled to ripe, he broke three inches longer, broadly four or five points, still take worship a hold, 2 inch cut off of the brake, and cooking make more kelp is extremely bad, still under salt, trample, loosened, net weight, a Huo method, shall not make salty acid, such as ginger, orange peel, pepper at the end of the harmonic, appropriate food japonica rice rice, japonica rice porridge, seaweed also in accordance with this law, a gas, big effect, avoid is nothing. (the wider economic party khumbu Huo method)

Each paper 】 【 (1) "huang shu" : "can kelp, salty soft firm, its sex embellish, can remove thermal fights, so the main twelve edema, gall, coalescence, fistula sores. East through cloud: gall nut as stone, not this not, is salty, the work can be soft firm also. Detailed its odor treatment performance, roughly the same with seaweed."

(2) "compendium", "male sex of kelp, seaweed, choking of constant use, take its remove old phlegm."

[from] the Chinese medicine dictionary

"The Chinese materia medica", "Chinese medicine dictionary: kelp

The medicine name 】 kelp

"Pinyin" K ū n Bu

[English] Kelp, Tangle

"Alias" nylon cloth, sea kelp

【 origin 】 from the Wu Pu material medica.

Compendium of materia medica: according to the compendium of material medica nylon cloth Wu Pu a kelp, "erya" so-called black silk ribbon like nylon, will have a of the east China sea, namely, kelp also. Nylon sound off, and hair ribbon, and accurate for ear. Tao hongjing... with nylon for the moss, laver, refers to groups of kelp. Hide again call black silk ribbon, Chen group is two kinds of algae, so different. Kelp thein, lai, rub such as ropes, fujian, zhejiang, big leaf vegetables. Cover all the food in the sea, sexual flavour, primary treatment is consistent, is slightly different, is no different.

【 origin 】 medicinal material base source: for kelp (kelp) plant algae plants black kelp, kelp and wing wakame thallus.

Latin animal plant mineral name: Laminaria japonica Aiesch. [L.o chotensis Miyabe]; Ecklonia kurome Okam.; Sur, Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.).

Harvesting and storage: summer, autumn harvest, by take it out in the sea, to dry.

1. The original form 】 【 kelp olive brown algae body, to dark brown when dry. Mature leathery strip, generally 2-6 m long, 20 to 50 cm wide, walking in the middle of the blade with two parallel longitudinal, two groove and thicker part is "in", the thickness of about 2 to 5 mm, on both sides of the edge gradually thin, and there are wave creases, leaf blade base cuneate, thick into phase is oblate, a cylindrical or oblate under the short shank, 5-15 cm long, inside the handle and blade are composed of pith, cortex, and the epidermal layer. Outer cortex with mucus cavity, cavity with secretory cells, can secrete mucus to leaf surface, form glial layer, make the algae body stick-slip and protection. The marrow is composed of many kelp silk, kelp silk tubular cells end stigmas horn. Algae body young period, glossy, small kelp period leaves appear bump phenomenon. Annual algal lower blade body, often can see sori borne plant growth, show nearly circular patches; Biennial of algae in almost all leaves grow sori borne. Fixation device for forked branches of rhizoid. Spores mature autumn.

2. Black khumbu algae body is dark brown to dark brown, leathery, 30-100 cm or more. Central thallus flat wide, slightly thick, on both sides since its one or two back to pinnate deep cleft, lobes long tongue or longer, slightly wrinkled, edges are usually coarsely serrate. Petiole pedicled, and cylindrical or slightly flat, 4-12 cm long, 3 -- 8 mm in diameter. Algae body cavity of cortex cells of mucus, rings, for 1 to 2 layers. The marrow from the variable to the horn tube of silk. Swim sori borne in mature thallus central part and lateral lobes surface formation. Fixation apparatus is composed of two branch fork rhizoid. Sporangium formation, summer spores mature autumn.

3. Wakame High algal tan body, soft leathery, 1-2 m, 50-100 cm wide, thallus flat, have obvious uplift in the central rib, on both sides of the thin, soft, form the majority of pinnate lobes, or is not neat to the size of the incision, but no sawtooth. Leaves scattered many small black spots, the skin opening for the mucous cells. Matured, petiole below two side have black fungus sporophyll of overlapping fold, stick-slip flesh thick, densely on the sporangium. Petiole bottom for forked branches of rhizoid fixation apparatus.

Ecological environment habitat division 】 【 : 1. The general growth Yu Dagan tide line 1-3 m on the rocks below.

2. Grew up in sewage sludge, low water flow in line or the line gets boom to 7-8 m in the depth of the rocks.

3. The growth in the wind and waves is not too big, water quality, the fertile bay, gets tide line 1 to 5 m on the rocks.

Resource distribution: 1. The distribution range of natural growth, our country is limited to two liaodong and shandong peninsula rich sea area. Artificial breeding has been extended to zhejiang, fujian, guangdong and other places along the coast. But for the cold temperate species.

2. Distributed in zhejiang, fujian coastal in China. To warm temperate species.

3. China's crony lai can be divided into two type: the north sea type (forma distans Miyabe et Okam.) algal more slender body, pinnate crack in near rib, there are quite a distance from sporophyll leaf department. Growth in dalian, shandong coast. The type of the south China sea (forma typica Yendo), to the contrary, the body is shorter, pinnate crack of shallow, sporophyll close to the leaf. Shengsi islands waters grow naturally, that belong to this type.

"Culture" biological characteristics Originally khumbu LengShuiXing algae. The growth temperature of 0 ~ 13 ℃, the optimum temperature for 2 ~ 7 ℃. Kelp have enough light energy for photosynthesis, and absorb the nutrition from the water, because water cloudy or transparency, suitable for growth of water also has depth, deep in the greater than the tide line 2 ~ 3 m, shallow deep under the surface of the lm (in seawater topdressing nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer can increase production of kelp). Growth velocity of large sea area is good, and growth is slow and easy dyeing disease. Average flow velocity in the 50-80 cm/s is suitable.

Kelp is a kind of plant that has obvious alternation of generations, algal treasure ascus released zoospores, gametophyte is formed after germination, sacs and seminal vesicle of gametes combine to form a zygote, zygote germination young sporophyte generation, young sporophyte by asexual reproduction is the kelp.

Breeding technology Although there are many kinds of kelp seedling, but 6 ~ 7 month summer seedling cultivation, is the main MiaoYuan kelp breeding in China. At the end of kelp breeding sea area choose rocks, pollution-free area to build a refrigeration system, pumping water from the sea, purifying water supply system, and can adjust light glass house structure of seedling. The north and the south the temperature difference is bigger, so should be in June to August, 23 ℃ water temperatures to rise to adopt good before spores. Straight blade in from the sea, large, thick, strong, color dark brown, spore soup and more moderate maturity, no decay of the individual as a kind of kelp, continue to move to indoor water cultivation. Keep the water temperature at 13 ~ 18 ℃, between the natural light, 400 mg/m3 topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus 520 mg/m3, sori borne by 14 d leaf surface. In order to make it a lot of tossing in spore, kinds of kelp hang dry in the shade shade can be 2 ~ 4 h, into the pool, the water temperature is 20 ~ 22 ℃ and stimulate the tossing out spores, and can be attached to the use of bamboo or on the growth of coir rope production base, and then to cultivate. Cultivate water temperature under 10 ℃, daily maintain at least 10 h illumination time, according to the different growth stages by adjust the volume of light shading devices, from 500 lx to 3000 lx. Early seedling period fertilizer rate, nitrogen 3 xl0 6, p 0.15 x10 6, 4 x middle nitrogen l0 a 6, p 0.2 x l0 a late n 5 x 10 6, p 0.15 x l0 a 6. Regular replacement part of the sea, and maintain a certain velocity, the change of water per hour can reach 1/6 ~ 1/3, keep the water clean. By about 100 d, seedlings grow to 1 ~ 2 cm long, temporary have moved to the sea, should be timely the barrier, fertilization and adjust water layer, make the seedlings to 10 ~ 15 cm long when can clip blade, adopt the method of "big wave" pull after singling seedlings, clip miao miao rope in 1.5 ~ 2 m long. Single tree seedling distance of 2.5 to 3 cm, clip 2 ~ 3 clusters tree seedlings for a cluster, cluster from 5 to 7 cm, then MiaoSheng hung on the raft, can use the vertical support, support, cant keep three forms.

Diseases and pests prevention and control of seedling stage Mainly include green rotten disease, white rot disease and other diseases, through mastering proper spores adhesion density (too much), improve the lighting, strengthen the washing, soaking with 0.05% or 0.01% ammonium sulfate, can play a control effect. Early during the raising, dense, long to 1 m or so sparse, according to the different growth period, kelp used to adjust light intensity, wash mud, splashing ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, such as chemical fertilizers, regulating water, measures such as prevention and control, and green, and white dot white rot disease.

【 description 】 identification (1) the khumbu curled fold or bound form. All a green brown or dark brown, surface with frost. Launched into a long flat strip after soaked with water, 50-150 cm long, 10 -- 40 cm wide, the thicker, thinner and wave shaped edges. The remaining class leathery, petiole flat cylindrical. Xing, salty taste.

(2) black khumbu ovate or oblate, 1 to 2 times pinnate deep cleft, lobes long tongue shape, with sparse teeth on edge or margin entire. Xing, salty taste. Water immersion, hand twist stratification.

(3) wakame department 1 pinnate deep crack, the central uplift of the rib. Xing, salty taste. In the big, thick, the color green is preferred.

Quality flag of the People's Republic of China pharmacopoeia 1995 edition rules: in terms of dry goods, kelp iodine (I) shall not be less than 0.35%, black kelp iodine (I) shall not be less than 0.20%.

1. Chemical composition 】 【 kelp polysaccharide compounds, there are mainly three kinds: one kind is alginate (alginate), department of algin (alginic acid) and its sodium, potassium, hinge, such as calcium salt, algin is the combination of beta 1, 4 - D mannose uronic acid (D - mannuronic acid) and alpha 1, 4 L - ancient luo uronic acid (L - guluronic acid) polymer; Followed by fucus on polysaccharide (fucoidan), containing sulfuric acid root, fucose (fucose) and other components of polysaccharide compounds; The third is the kelp starch (laminarin), beta glucan, (beta glucan), linear polymers. Also contain fat polysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide) and three water soluble arsenic of sugar. Contains amino acid composition: kelp (laminine), amino acid glutamic acid (glutamic acid), aspartic acid (aspartic acid), proline (proline), alanine (alanine), histidine (histidine), tryptophan (tryptophane), methionine (methionine), etc. Also contains the mannitol, mannitol, taurine (taurine), eicosapentaenoic acid (eicosapentaenoic acid), palm acid (palmitic acid), oleic acid (oleic acid), linoleic acid, linoleic acid), gamma linolenic acid (gamma linolenic acid), 18 carbon four acid (octadecatetraenoic acid), arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid), fucus sterol (fucosterl), etc. 另含挥发油,内含主成分:荜澄茄油烯醇(cubenol),还含己醛(hexanal),(E)-2-己烯醛[(E)-2- hexenal],(E)-2-己烯醇[(E)-2-hexenol],己醇(hexanol),二甲苯(xylene),1-辛烯-3-醇(1-octen-3-ol),(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛[(E,E)-2,4-heptadienal],丁基苯(butylbenzene),(E)-2-辛烯醛[(E)-2-octenal],(E)-2-辛烯醇[(E)-2-octenol],(E,E)-2,4-辛二烯醛[(E,E)-2,4-octadienal],(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛[(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal],(E)-2-壬烯醛[(E)-2-nonenal],α-松油醇(α-terpineol),β-环柠檬醛(β-cyclocitral),β-高环柠檬醛(β-homocyclocitral),(E)-2-癸烯醇[(E)-decenol],(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛[(E,E)-2,4-decadienal],β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone),十五烷(pentadecane),表荜澄茄油烯醇(epicubenol),以及肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid),ω-十六碳烯酸(ω-hexadecenoic acid),植物醇(phytol),二丁基-2-苯并[C] 呋喃酮(dibutylphthalide)。 And contain carotene (carotene), vitamin B1, B2, C, P and s, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, aluminum, phosphate root, root carbonate, sulfate and so on.

2. Black kelp contains sodium alginic acid and its salt, seaweed, starch, mannitol, vitamin, halide, sulfate, phosphate, iodine and other trace elements. Also contain polysaccharide has the effects of blood components: poly fucoidin sulfate (fucan sulfate) - Ⅰ, B - Ⅱ B, C - - Ⅱ Ⅰ, C. And include the fibrinolytic enzyme diphenyl double evil (dibenzo - 1, 4 - dioxin) derivatives: lantern phenol (eckol), 6, 6 '- double lantern dish of phenol (6, 6' - bieckol), 8, 8 '- double lantern dish of phenol (8, 8' - bieckol), two geese feet dish of phenol (dieckol), phloroglucinol fucus lantern dish of phenol (phlorofucoeckol). A, 2 - O - phloroglucinol base lantern food phenol (2 - O - phloroeckol), 2 - O - phloroglucinol base 2 lantern dish of phenol (2 - O - phlorodieckol), 2 - O - phloroglucinol base - 6, 6 '- double lantern dish of phenol (2 - O - phloro - 6, 6' - bieckol).

3. Wakame The algal polysaccharide compounds, mainly algin, kelp polysaccharide starch and lipid. Also contain volatile oil, its main component is cubeb oil enol and beta ionone. And containing lipids, phospholipids accounted for 80%, 40.6% ~ 42.9% of phospholipids of phosphatidyl choline (phosphatidylcholine); Contains another irritant effect of phagocytic cells of two galactose base two acylglycerol (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), single galactose base 2 acylglycerol (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), sulfonic group different rat lee sugar-based two fat acylglycerol (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and lipid of arsenic. Also contain sterols components, mainly is 24 - methylene cholesteryl (24 - methylenecholesterol), cholesterol (cholesterol), fucus sterol (fucosterol), big brown sargasso sterol (saringosterol). And degradation of the suppression in adipose tissue insulin ingredient: eye crystal acid (ophthalmic acid) is the gamma - L - glutamine - L - alpha amino butyl acyl glycine (gamma glutamyl - L L - alpha aminobutyrylglycine), to a eye crystal acid (norophthalmic acid) is the gamma - L - glutamine - L - propylene ammonia acyl glycine (gamma glutamyl - L L - alanylglycine). Also in the land of Ji lactone (digiprolactone), friedelin (friedelin), plant (pnytol)], N '- methyl niacinamide (N' - methylnicotinamide), vitamins (vitamin B12) 3.2 mu g / 100 g. And contain linolenic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids and halide, sulfate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and other trace elements.

[pharmacological action] 1. The role of thyroid: effect is caused by contains iodine, iodide. Kelp can be used to correct caused by a lack of iodine and thyroid insufficiency, also can temporarily suppress metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and alleviate the symptoms, but not durable, can make the preparation for surgery. After iodide into the tissue and blood, still can promote the absorption of pathological products such as inflammatory exudate, and can make the collapse of the pathological tissue and dissolved, reason for active tuberculosis typically don't have to. Kelp contains iodine, the purity of iodine, potassium iodide absorbed slowly, the body retention time long, the discharge is slow.

2. Antihypertensive effect: kelp glycine (Laminine) have antihypertensive effect, kelp glycine citrate salt on rabbit intravenous anesthesia alone, can make blood pressure dropped briefly, this role is not by atropine blocked; It does not affect block two side common carotid artery or booster response caused by injection of norepinephrine; In vivo and in vitro experiments, it can inhibit the heart amplitude, but does not affect the heart rate. Has a significant inhibitory effect on smooth muscle, such as the small intestine, bronchus, etc. And to fight against acetylcholine and serotonin, cause the shrinkage of barium chloride; In vitro rat small intestine, the efficacy of papaverine against acetylcholine 0.8%. In vitro in guinea pig vas deferens can enhance the effect of norepinephrine. The role of frog rectus is very weak. Kelp glycine single hydrochloride can step-down and inhibition in vitro rabbit intestine; But for in vitro rabbit heart has a mild stimulant.

3. Fall blood sugar function: kelp contains 30 ml/kg brown algae starch lavage has obvious fall blood sugar function to normal mice, dose of 100 mg/kg, after 7 hours, the blood sugar by 49%. Alginic acid sodium hypoglycemic effect is poorer, lavage is invalid, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection has obvious drop blood candy, dose of 300 m/kg, 7 hours, the blood sugar can be reduced by 38%. For four nitrogen pyrimidine hyperglycemia, brown algae starch 300 mg/kg to fill the stomach, after 24 hours 61% lower blood sugar; By intraperitoneal injection of sodium alginic acid 300 mg/kg; 39% lower blood sugar, and lavage is invalid. See article algae other role.

4. Fall hematic fat and anticoagulation: kelp polysaccharide lavage for many times, can obviously inhibit blood fat chicken serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels rise, and can reduce the chicken aortic intima formation and development of atheromatous plaque. Seaweed polysaccharide has anticoagulant effect in vivo and in vitro, in its anticoagulant activity of 7 heparin u/mg. For many patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in addition to have high cholesterol, blood is often in a state of high condensation. Therefore, seaweed polysaccharides have fall hematic fat and anticoagulant function at the same time, has certain significance on clinical.

5. Radiation resistant: 1 injections, seaweed polysaccharide can obviously improve the survival rate 900 Mr Rudd irradiation in mice, and increasing survival rate increase to dose, can noticeably protect hematopoietic tissue of animals. Therefore, seaweed polysaccharides for prevention of hematopoietic tissue damage caused by radiation, stimulate hematopoietic recovery and enhance the immunity of the patients with cancer, combined radiotherapy may have certain practical significance.

6. Other works: kelp seaweed liquid extract of schistosomiasis infection cercaria rabbit, protective (decoction is invalid). In liquid extract of 2 g/kg in 1 day after infection of oral, 90 days in a row, the rabbit body listed Numbers in the schistosoma worms than the control group significantly decreased, especially in the liver lesions than the control group for mild, normal structure roughly save, only a small amount of eggs nodule formation, had not significant fibrosis, especially new eggs are hard to find. Mice oral seaweed, kelp and compound of scorpion, the centipede (carcinoma (Dan) decoction, has inhibitory effect on airy ascites carcinoma. Kelp element mesh of rat sarcoma IRE (no effect on the (ascites). From L.C loustoni M, propose the khumbu sulfate in intravenous (people) after removal of blood fat, increase of lipoprotein electrophoresis ability, change the distribution of lipoprotein are similar to those of heparin, only short duration (4 to 6 hours). Intramuscular (100 mg), the effect is not significant, probably because the dose was not enough. Seaweed extract of algin acid sodium, the animals of the femoral artery hemorrhage, according to the cloud have hemostatic effect.

[toxic] kelp glycine LD50 in mice, intravenous injection of 394 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection of 2.98 3.57 g/kg. Alginic acid sodium mice celiac injection of LD50 to 1013 mg/kg. Kelp extract of brown algae and brown algae powder starch sulfate mice celiac injection of LD50 were 980 mg/kg and 689.8 mg/kg. To take three times a day, every time 330 MNG, even served two months, no toxic and side reaction. Toxicity: intraperitoneal injection of seaweed polysaccharide, the LD50 in mice was 158.5 + / - 67.0 mg/kg.

[identify] take 10 g, cut up, add distilled water, 200 ml, 4 h, filtrate concentrated to 1/2. Take concentrate 2 ~ 3 ml, add 1 drop of nitrate, silver nitrate solution few drops, produce yellow emulsion precipitation, slightly soluble in ammonia water, not dissolved in nitric acid. (check the iodine)

Pick up 】 【 to impurities, use water net, wire cut into wide, dry.

【 sex flavor 】 salty; Cold; non-toxic

To the liver 】; The stomach; Kidney; The spleen by

Sputum elimination function attending 】 【 soft firm; The water detumescence. The main scrofula; The thyroid; Choke diaphragmatic; Crashing (Ed) hernia foot edema

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 5-15 g; Or the pill, powder.

【 note 】 do not taken wet person taste xu han yun.

【 preparation 】 kelp eye drops.

1. Each paper 】 【 "huang shu" : kelp, salty soft firm, with sex embellish, can remove thermal fights, so the main twelve edema, gall, coalescence, fistula sores. East through cloud: gall nut as stone, not this not, is salty, the work can be soft firm also. Detailed its odor treatment performance, with roughly the same algae.

2. "Ben hui" : the sex of kelp, seaweed, male choke of constant use, take its remove old phlegm.

3. The doctors don't record: master twelve edema, gall, coalescence, fistula sores.

4. "medicinal theory" : the channel, to face is swollen, to evil sores rat fistula.

5. "Ben gleanings" : the egg is swollen.

6. Cui Yuxi feed the sutra: nine fistula wind hot, despair an illusion of hot, hands and feet ache bi, to live with her glory.

7. "Ben tong xuan" : the main choke diaphragm.

8. Yao can into a compendium of material medica: food crony, advocate women leucorrhea with red, wet dream man essence.

9. The jade Chinese catalpa medicine solution: drain to wet, broken product soft firm. Heat, water, gas drum up water swelling, scrofula gall, TUI hernia evil sores, and work with seaweed, kelp.

10. "modern practical medicine" : edema, disease, wet beriberi. And treat goiter, chronic bronchitis, cough.

【 from 】 "of Chinese materia medica", "Chinese medicine dictionary