Side of traditional Chinese medicine (73) heat runfei siraitia grosvenorii

Basic introduction

Herbal tea from the lingnan herbalism record: climbing perennial herb. Hypertrophy of the root, spindle or nearly globose. Stems slightly thick, edge groove, yellow-brown pilose on early and black verrucous gland scale, after MAO to take off the attack or glabrous. Petiole 3-10 cm, like branches of hairy and glandular scales; Leaf blade membranous, heart, oval triangular eggs or broadly ovoid, heart-shaped, 12-23 cm long, 5 to 17 cm wide, apex acuminate or long acuminate, margin microwave, due to the small arteries and veins stretched out and small tooth, decree by destiny, a green, sparsely pilose and black verrucous gland scale, after the old gradually shedding become nearly glabrous, light green, below is a short hair and mixed black verrucous gland scale, after the old gradually fall off. Early zheng to be a bit thick, pubescent, gradients, glabrous, after two disambiguation, vortex in the bifurcation point below.

Dioecious; Male order total, 6-10 flower peanuts in the upper part of inflorescence axis, also with verrucous glandular pubescent and black scales, pedicel, calyx tube shape, and throat often have three oblong membranous scales, calyx lobes 5, triangular, apex drilling and shape of the tail, with 3 veins, arteries and veins slightly uplift, corolla yellow, black glandular dots, lobes 5, oblong, often 5 vein, stamens 5, inserted in tube near base; Two base on us, and one of separation, filaments base); Female flowers solitary or 2-5 one set at the top of the total 6-8 cm peduncle, calyx, and peduncles than male flowers with day, staminodes 5, ovary oblong, 10-12 mm long, densely yellow-brown, styles short, stout stigma 3, enlargement, sickle, 2. Fruit globose or oblong, long 6 to 11 cm, diameter 4 to 8 cm, densely yellow-brown early balance, the skin is thin, dry and brittle. Seed majority, pale yellow, suborbicular or broadly ovate, flat shape, 15-18 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, base obtuse, apex slightly narrow, two sides of the slightly concave, with radial grooves, around edge of microwave, dark brown, as a young child matures color table. Flowering in May 2 -, fruiting 7-9 months. Besides can arhat fruit of medicinal plants, herbal tea leaf, fructus momordicae root can also medicinal.

Herbal tea is one of the first medicine and food by the ministry of health rare medicinal herbs, its fructus momordicae sweet glycoside is 300 times sweeter than sugar, does not produce heat, beverage, candy, industry is the rare material, is the best substitute of sugar. Often drink arhat fruit tea, can prevent many diseases, prove that modern medicine, fructus momordicae has significant curative effect on diseases such as bronchitis, high blood pressure, or have the effect of prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), hardening of the arteries, obesity.

Morphological characteristics

The perennial grass vine, was born in the mountains, elevation 300-500 m 2 ~ 5 m long. Stem slender, dark purple. Tendrils bifurcate 2 a few of the central. Leaves alternate, petiole 2 ~ 7 cm; Blade, heart-shaped ovate, membranous, 8 ~ 15 cm long, 3.5 ~ 12 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base auricular cordate, margin entire, white pilose on both surfaces. Flowers dioecious, male flowers order total, female flowers flowers solitary; Calyx funnel-shaped, pilose, 5-lobed. Corolla yellow, 5 crack, apex acuminate, is white with brown pilose. Pepo round or oblong, pilose, with 10 ordinate, seeds pale yellow. Flowering 6 ~ 9 month, fruiting 9 ~ 11 months.

The shape of

This product is ovate, elliptic, or globose, 4.5 8.5 cm long, 3.5 ~ 6 cm in diameter. Surface brown, brown or green color, darker patches and yellow villous, sometimes there are 6 ~ 11 streaking. At the top of a style residual marks, base with stem. Light body, very brittle, skin thin, easily broken. Fruit pulp (, endocarp) in cavernous, light brown. Seeds oblate, most, about 1.5 cm long, 1.2 cm wide; Among both sides pale red to reddish brown, slightly concave, surrounded by a radial grooves, the edge has a slot. Micro and sweet taste. Microscopic identification Peel cross-sections; Epicarp of 1 column flat small skin cells, exocarp is 1 column flat small skin cells, outer cuticle, 4-12 microns thick, slightly protruding to porosity; Sometimes visible multicellular glandular hairs or belonged to the philistines residues. Mesocarp lateral column for 4 to 6 round or tangential to extend the dacron parenchyma cells; Inward for 6-9 sclereid layer, cells are round, oblong, square or irregular polygon. Clingy sclereid layer inside, to sequence the large irregular polygonal cells, slightly thick wall and wall of the hole. Its seven series wall cells often shrivel or decadent; Vascular bundle double toughening, often connected to both inside and outside the sparse distribution. Endocarp to 1 small flat ground wall cells.

Seeds cross-sections: epidermis in seed flat to the upper and lower parts, 1 column palisade cells, 205-280 microns long, 12-30 microns wide, left and right sides of the skin cell sticky liquid, its a tangential extended layer of parenchyma. In below a layer of palisade cells thick wall fiber and large stone cell layer, near the seeds cyclization. Within the epidermis to 1 column flat small cell. 1-2 column endosperm cells. Cotyledon cells fat droplets.

Chemical composition

Containing fructus momordicae glucoside (esgoside), 300 times more sugar sweet; The other containing fructose, amino acids, flavonoids, etc. Fruit contains the sweet taste of sugar composition, main is triterpenoid glycosides, fructus momordicae glucoside (mogroside) Ⅴ and Ⅳ, glucoside Ⅴ sweetness is 256-344 times of sucrose (srcrose), about 126 times of sucrose sweetness of glycoside Ⅳ, does not have glucoside Ⅳ not sweet; The minor is D - mannitol (D - mannitol), its sweetness is 0.55 0.65 times of sucrose. Also contains a large number of glucose (glucose), fructose (fructose) accounted for 14%. And manganese, iron, nickel, selenium, tin, molybdenum, iodine and other 26 kinds of inorganic elements, protein, vitamin C (vitamin C), etc. Are: the fatty acids in seeds containing fat 41.07%, linoleic acid, linoleic acid), oleic acid (oleic acid), palmitic acid, palmitic acid), stearic acid (stearic acid), palmitoleic acid (palmitoliec acid), myristic acid, myristic acid), lauric acid, lauric acid), decanoic acid (decanoic acid).

Benevolence in loop. Within the epidermis to 1 column flat small cell. 1-2 column endosperm cells. Cotyledon cells fat droplets.

Growth habit

1, fructus momordicae growth habit: siraitia grosvenorii cool, big temperature difference between day and night siraitia grosvenorii

Siraitia grosvenorii

, frost-free period is long. Not resistant to high temperature and the temperature 22 to 28 ℃ vines grow rapidly, 34 ℃ higher than the growth of plants, 15 ℃ below the plants stop growing.

2, fructus momordicae flowering habit: fructus momordicae mother after she shed on visual management at different levels, be in commonly 2 ~ 4 lateral shoots, level 4 side shoots flowering, the temperature from 22.5 ℃ to 22.5 ℃, 7 ~ 8 month female and male flowers at 6 and a half to seven in the morning, June, September temperature slightly low, flowering time delay to 7 ~ 9 in the morning. Rainy day delay to 9 ~ 10.

3, siraitia grosvenorii fruit growth habit: fructus momordicae after pollination, the ovary significantly expands on the third day, young fruit rapid growth, 8 ~ 20 days after 30 days stop volume enlargement, assumes the circular or elliptic, mature fruit mature period from Xie Hua to 65 ~ 75 days.

Siraitia grosvenorii shorter crop, daily only 7 ~ 8 hours of light and joy wet fog, air relative humidity 75 ~ 85%, abundant rainfall, uniform, annual rainfall of 1900 mm or so, avoid water under waterlogging. Appropriate loose fertile and well drained, deep and wet soil.

The biological characteristics

(1) the requirement of environmental conditions:

Siraitia grosvenorii distributed in southern China's guangxi, guangdong, hunan province, at an altitude of 300 ~ 300 mia tropical mountain forests, wet areas along the river, or the bush, in the long-term individual development, the environmental conditions have certain requirements. Hainan province have grown.

Humid: of siraitia grosvenorii (1) the humidity temperature, temperature difference between day and night big environment, not high temperature resistant, just cool cream.

(2) lighting: very bright light and not resistant to strong light, there are seven to eight hours of sunlight every day will be able to meet the needs of its development.

(3) : the wide spreading of fructus momordicae, plant nutrition area is large, long flowering and GuaGuo, need to absorb a large number of moisture from the soil.

(4) this is not very strict to the requirement of soil, in addition to the sand, clay, yellow soil, black soil were appropriate, especially for containing humus soil deep as well. Appropriate choice on the southeast forest, bamboo forest of hillside slope as well.

(2) growth and results habits:

(1) growth habit: herbal tea for the climbing vines herbaceous plants, its tubers hypertrophy, grow for many years.

(2) flowering habit: fructus momordicae is dioecious, from bisexual flower in morphology to unisexual flower development, from the gender to one sex of evolution.

Results the habits: herbal tea into the results sooner or later, with varieties, cultivation management level and the methods of breeding.

Distribution range

Herbal tea on the growth environment is a special order, only in northern guangxi to grow in China. LongSheng County, yong fu county in guangxi, China in the map of rongan county, guangxi county is the four big producer of fructus momordicae, 90% of the world's total output, including LongSheng County, yong fu county is the country of origin. At present, in this global annual production is only around 100 million pieces.

Value is introduced

Main ingredients

Nutrients: protein 7.2%, crude protein 9% (slightly different because of different origin 蠌). Glucose and fructose by about 14%. D - mannose (0.08% fresh content). Siraitia grosvenorii glucoside Ⅳ no sweet.

Medicinal active ingredients: fructus momordicae glucoside Ⅴ (Mogroside Ⅴ), namely Mogro? - 3 - o -? Beta - D - g? Ucopyranosy? (1 to 6) - beta - D - g? Ucopyranoside - 24 - o -. C60H102O29 o2H2O, 256 ~ 344 times sweeter than sugar. Siraitia grosvenorii glucoside Ⅵ (Mogroside Ⅵ) sweeter than sugar 125 bus. A variety of vitamins. [9]

Medical value

Herbal tea is unique precious cucurbitaceae plants in our country, known as the fruit medicine. Fruit is rich in glucose, fructose and a variety of vitamins, wide range of USES, best-selling domestic and foreign markets, in the international market enjoys a high siraitia grosvenorii

Siraitia grosvenorii

Reputation.

Toxicity: acute toxicity test showed that the toxicity of siraitia grosvenorii fitness tea is smaller.

Sexual flavour is categorized by: cool, taste sweet. Belong to the lung, large intestine.

Usage and dosage: 9 ~ 15 g.

Storage: dry, mouldproof, moth-proofing.

Functional indications: heat runfei, cough, pharynx, slippery bowel aperient. Used for lung fire dry cough, swallow the loss of the sound, intestinal dry constipation.

Pharmacological effects:

1, cough: D - mannitol has a cough. And can be used for brain edema, can enhance blood osmotic pressure, reduce the intracranial pressure, dehydration effect is stronger than urea, and long duration. Can also be used for large area burn and scald edema, disease prevention and treatment of acute renal failure and reduce pressure in the eye, the treatment of acute glaucoma and substitute for sugar for diabetics sweet food or flavoring agent.

2, the role of bowel loops: fructus momordicae fitness tea (inclusive of our 77.5% fructus momordicae, inclusive of our 15% tea, containing 7.5% herbal preparation) of rats in vitro intestinal spontaneous activity had no obvious effect, but can strengthen the rabbit and dog spontaneous activity in vitro small intestine. Intestinal canal caused by acetylcholine and barium chloride tetanic contraction have antagonism effect, make the bowel flabby and spasmolysis; Bowel flabby caused by adrenaline also has the role of antagonism, restore spontaneous activity to bowel loops. Showed that fructus momordicae fitness tea have two-way adjustment function of bowel movement function.

3, other effects: herbal tea health tea on normal rabbit stomach bioelectricity no effect, which will not affect the normal gastrointestinal motor function. Siraitia grosvenorii fitness tea for anesthesia dog lavage, blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ecg) had no significant effect.

Appropriate crowd

According to the effect of herbal tea herbal tea, the following six groups in particular:

1, smoking, drinking, often need to wash the lung, protect liver, nourishing the stomach and colonics clear waste.

2, actors, teachers, broadcasters, such as the assistant to protect the articulator.

3, night work overtime, easily lose, detoxification ability to reduce.

4, long sit office, less than outdoor fresh air affect lung function.

5, outdoor activities, exercise more, the body water lost easily.

6, at the feast, for health gifts have a headache.

Usage guidance

1, treat throat lost the sound. Siraitia grosvenorii 1, section, water frying, after being cold, YinFu frequently.

2, heat treat lung Yin deficiency phlegm cough not great and tuberculosis patients. Siraitia grosvenorii 100 grams, loquat leaf 150 grams, 150 grams, nansha characteristics of 150 grams. Boiling water for 2 times, merging decoction, filtration, the filtrate silence for 24 hours, the right amount of clear fluid to concentrate on, add sugar dissolved, then concentrated to 1000 ml, quick. Oral 10 ml each time, 3 times a day.

3, phlegm-heat type. Cough phlegm, dry throat dry mouth, fructus momordicae, half dried tangerine or orange peel 6 grams, lean pork 100 g. Soak the dried tangerine or orange peel, scrape off the white, then boil with herbal tea, lean meat, and cooked to herbal tea, dried tangerine or orange peel, drink soup carnivorous.

4, to treat acute and chronic bronchitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, constipation. Siraitia grosvenorii 15 to 30 grams, boiling, when tea. [1] 5. Can do fruit tea, porridge, soup.

Healthcare value

Sexual flavour: herbal taste sweet, cool;

By: for lung, spleen,

Features: clear lung, pharynx, phlegm cough, runchang purge.

The Lord cure: the phlegm fire cough, sore throats, injury were thirsty, intestinal dry constipation.

Reference: it contains a large number of glucose and a material is 300 times sweeter than sugar (triterpenoid glycosides). The latter is associated with the therapeutic effect of this product.

Purpose: lung hot cough, whooping cough, sore throat or follow-up sessions; The intestinal hot, constipation.

Usage: cook the soup, boiling water boiling bubble etc.

Attached to the party:

1, fructus momordicae broth: fructus momordicae 30 ~ 60 g, pig lean lean, 100 g. Herbal tea break, pork slices, add water right amount, cooked, a little salt to taste. From the lingnan herbalism record ". His own siraitia grosvenorii clear lung dryness, cough, pig lean lean tonify deficiency beneficial blood. For long lung empty heat or phthisis cough cough.

2, fructus momordicae persimmon soup: fructus momordicae 30 g, 15 g dried persimmon. Boiling water to drink soup. His own have clear heat runfei, cough, the role of the pharynx. Used for whooping cough, cough, dry throat, sore throat.

Herbal tea for heat runfei, slippery bowel aperient. Used for lung fire dry cough, swallow the loss of the sound, intestinal dry constipation.

This product is a cucurbitaceae plants siraitia grosvenorii Momordica grosvenori Swingle fruit. British) a Corsvenor Momordica Fruit

Quality, and the vine plants form: perennial grass, 2 ~ 5 m long. Stem slender, dark purple. Tendrils bifurcate 2 a few of the central. Leaves alternate, petiole 2 ~ 7 cm; Blade, heart-shaped ovate, membranous, 8 ~ 15 cm long, 3.5 ~ 12 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base auricular cordate, margin entire, white pilose on both surfaces. Flowers dioecious, male flowers order total, female flowers flowers solitary; Calyx funnel-shaped, pilose, 5-lobed. Corolla yellow, 5 crack, apex acuminate, is white with brown pilose. Pepo round or oblong, pilose, with 10 ordinate, seeds pale yellow. Flowering 6 ~ 8 months, fruiting 8 ~ 10 months. Born in an altitude of 300 ~ 500 m mountain area; There are cultivated. Attending production in guangxi, jiangxi, guangdong.

Fuel: change from green to dark green fruit picking, autumn clothes a few days later, dry at low temperature.

Properties: fruit ovate, elliptic, or globose, 4.5 8.5 cm long, 3.5 ~ 6 cm in diameter. Surface brown, brown or green color, darker patches and yellow villous. At the top of a style residual marks, base with stem. Very brittle, skin thin, easily broken. Fruit pulp sponge, light brown. Seeds oblate, most, about 1.5 cm long, about 12 cm wide, pale red to reddish brown. Sweet taste. Chemical composition: containing fructus momordicae glucoside (esgoside), 300 times more sugar sweet; The other containing fructose, amino acids, flavonoids, etc.

Sexual flavour: cool, taste sweet.

Functional indications: heat runfei, slippery bowel aperient. Used for lung fire dry cough, swallow the loss of the sound, intestinal dry constipation.