Side of traditional Chinese medicine (85) comfortable liver-qi citron

Citron used for liver stomach and qi stagnation, chest pain, the new full, rou GUI vomiting alas, there phlegm cough.

Name: citron citron

Drug category: qi

Pinyin: XIANG YUAN

Latin: Fructus Citri

Alias: sweet circle

Medicinal part: ripe fruit

Medicinal properties: for round or oblong, 4 ~ 10 cm in diameter, 0.2 0.5 cm thick. Crosscut slice of pericarp yellow or yellowish green, wavy, rim powder has sunken point; Mesocarp thick 1 ~ 3 cm, yellowish-white, irregular reticular protrusions vascular bundles; Flesh capsule 10 to 17. Longitudinal section center column is relatively thick. Quality, and the flexible. Air fresh scent slightly sweet and bitter.

Key:

Origin: zhejiang, jiangxi, guangdong

Processing: autumn harvest fruit mature. While fresh sliced, bask in or freeze-dried. Sweet circle can be whole or for two and a half after cutting, dry or dry at low temperature.

Tunnel evolution:

Sexual flavour to the: temperature; Simba, bitter, acid; Liver, spleen, lung

Functional indications: liver and qi, and the width, the phlegm. For liver stomach and qi stagnation, chest pain, the new full, rou GUI vomiting alas, there phlegm cough.

Usage and dosage: take orally: decoct soup, 3 ~ 10 g, or the pill, powder.

Taboo: qi deficiency, Yin deficiency in clothing.

Morphological characteristics

Evergreen small trees or shrubs. Branches have short hard thorns, twig is smooth, with purple.

leaf

Leaves alternate; Shortstipitate, no traces Ye Yi or slightly, with no obvious joints between blade; Leaf blade oblong or ovoid oblong, 8-15 cm long, 3.5 6.5 cm wide, apex obtuse or short sharp pointed, base broadly cuneate, margin with sawtooth, translucent point oil glands.

flowers

Raceme, 3-10 peanut in axillary flowers; Bisexual flower or because of pistil degenerated into male flowers, shortstipitate; Calyx shallow goblet, top 5 shallow crack; Petals 5, white inside, outside pale purple; Stamens 30 to 60; Pistil 1, 10-13 ovary, ovule majority, every room style, large, persistent, stigma head shape. Long hesperidium, ovoid or nearly globose, 10-25 cm long, apex with papillae, the skin is rough or smooth, mature lemon yellow, fragrant, flesh capsule small; Seeds ovoid, smooth surface. Flowering, April 10 - November the fruitage ripeness.

Evergreen small trees or shrubs, 9 to 11 m high. Glabrous, with short spines. Leaves alternate; Petiole is pour heart wide wings, long approximately 1/3 of the blade - l / 4; Leaf blade leathery, elliptic, or oblong, 5-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, apex short and obtuse or acuminate, slightly concave, base obtuse, margin entire or with corrugated serrated, two sides glabrous, with translucent oil glands. Flowers solitary or in clusters, also have Adrian rodriguez huber -) fernando, flower, white flowers; Stamens 25 to 36; Ovary 10-11 chamber. Hesperidium oblong, round or oblate, transverse diameter 5 -- 9 cm, apex with papillae, the skin is usually rough and wrinkled or smooth, orange when mature, with aroma; Most seeds. Flowering 4-5 months, 10 - November. The fruitage ripeness.

The geographical distribution of

Area south of the Yangtze river basin and its distribution. Taiwan, fujian, guangdong, guangxi, yunnan, hunan and other provinces and autonomous regions more planted in the south. Vietnam, Laos, myanmar, India, etc.

Edible value

The tea varieties

From anxi HuQiu jinbang rides a tiger is rock. Clonal varieties. In 1986 as the tea tree improved variety of fujian province. The citron

citron

Origin: according to legend, the qing emperor kangxi twenty-nine years (1690) before and after anxi jinbang rides a tiger is rock an old monk, with tea tree and grafted on the citron.

Bergamot shrub plant type, large leafy, bud. Thin soft posture, opened branches; Leaves as big as a palm, ovoid, foliar distortion, bending of arteries and veins, leaf tooth thin, leaf color yellow green rich luster, mesophyll hypertrophy, leaves soft; Bud tip sparse fatness; Spend less and less strong. Wide adaptability, strong resistance, fewer diseases and pests, high output. Oolong tea, the thick leaves, fragrant high strong taste, unique style; Black tea, looked red thick, red leaves, and in good quality.

Bergamot within the cultivation, a small amount of yongchun introduction, putian bianfudong, xianyou of fujian, northern lionized Ann, also introduced a small amount of mindong mastery of the county. More than 1990 cultivated area of 20000 mu. Has a long history, profound cultural connotation and background, gold Buddha hand into poetry scholars show, express the blessing, good fortune, joy of harvest. In qing dynasty classical masterpiece SanXia WuYi, "wrote Rosa multiflora love to eat finger citron GeDa wine. Also can be used to make linen Ci.

Nutritional purposes

Dietotherapy role

Citron fruit flavor, slightly bitter, acid, temperature; Belong to the liver, lungs, spleen by; Fragrant air line, can rise to fall;

With liver qi, wide chest phlegm, desiccant and;

Attending the chest pain, cough, phlegm, the new pain, rou GUI inverse hysteresis ou, edema, beriberi.

Practice guidance

1. Every liver pathogenesis, chest pain, about can and fragrance, the compatibility of radix curcumae, radix bupleuri, etc, to qi depression.

2. Every taste, food product, and wet resistance, so that often new bloating, belching vomiting, and wood, amomum villosum, acid-insoluble ash, atractylodes, such as compatibility, with spleen qi, and the inverse.

Medicine medicinal

Main ingredients

Cedrat ripe fruit containing hesperidin (hesperidin), citrate (citric acid), malic acid (malic acid), pectin, tannic acid and vitamin C, etc. Fruit oil of 0.3% to 0.7%, peel oil by 6.5% to 9%, oil contains Mang bulls drunk acetate (geranyl acetate), linalool acetate (linalyl acetate), dextral limonene (limonene), citral (citral), water dropwort (phellandrene), lemon oil (citropten) and so on. Young fruit contains succinic acid, succinic acid). Seeds contain cortex phellodendri ketone (obacunone), cortex phellodendri lactone (obaculac - tone). Still contain beta sitosterol in fruit (beta sitosterol), daucosterol (daucosterol) and terpene bitter principle: citric bitter (citrusin). And terpene bitter principle: citric bitter (citrusin).

Cedrat ShiMing 】 【 also called bergamot. Belong to orange, orange, and so on. Li shizhen said: it lingnan, tree like zhu Luan, long pointed leaves, branches a sting. Easy to live in near the paddy field. Fruit is shaped like the hand of the, is refers to, so commonly known as bergamot. Has a foot four or five inches long, skin like orange, pomelo, thick knit lines and luster. The color of the fruit like melons, no mature is green and ripe after they are yellow. That faint scent tastes sweet and bring sheen.

Sexual flavour flavor 】 simba, gump, non-toxic. Attending the efficacy indications 】 【 gas, in addition to heart spit water. Cooking wine to drink, nitrogen cure a cough. Fried water, put to heart under gas pain. The root skin is the same. For round or oblong, 4 ~ 10 cm in diameter, 0.2 0.5 cm thick. Crosscut slice of pericarp yellow or yellowish green, wavy, rim powder has sunken point; Mesocarp thick 1 ~ 3 cm, yellowish-white, irregular reticular protrusions vascular bundles; Flesh capsule 10 to 17. Longitudinal section center column is relatively thick. Quality, and the flexible. Air fresh scent slightly sweet and bitter.

Medicinal material identification

identification

1, rafter as round or oblong, 3 -- 10 cm in diameter, about 2-5 mm thick. A transverse edges are slightly wavy, exocarp yellowish green or light orange, scattered has sunken into the point; Mesocarp thick 1.5 3.5 cm, yellowish-white, a coarse, irregular mesh more bumps (bundle). Flesh capsule 11-16 disc, sometimes visible palm red cell shrinkage of juice residue; Seeds 1 or 2. Axis, to 1.2 cm wide. Quality, and the flexible. Delicate fragrance and sweet and bitter taste. Grows with a package huangbai, aroma is preferred.

2, sweet circle for spherical or circular lamellar, 4 -- 7 cm in diameter. Surface sage green or yellow brown, rough, densely sag is a small point, the top has the style to the mark and the circle shape ring, xi said "money link", a fruit stalk marks at base. Qualitative hard, a transverse edge point, mesocarp thick 0.5 cm, flesh capsule 9-12 disc, brown or light brown, with yellowish-white seeds. Sweet, sour and bitter taste. With a big, skin coarse, dark green, fragrance thick is preferred.

Microscopic identification

Peel a transverse: citric skin to 1 column cells, outside is corneous layer, porosity. Mesocarp cells class round, loosely arranged, the lateral has large oil chamber in 1-2 columns, oil for circular, radial, 450-1060 microns long, cut to length 130-650 microns. Vascular bundle vertical and horizontal spread. Calcium oxalate Fang Jing mu long to 17 m.

Powder characteristics:

1, citric reseda

Which kind of rectangular or polygonal epidermis cells, stomatal class round, diameter is about 22 mu m, accessory cell 5-6-9, arranged in radial.

(2) the mesocarp cells class round 6 to 18 microns thick capsule (not heating measurement) (3) crumb rectangle epidermis cells, slightly thick wall.

(3) calcium oxalate Fang Jing easily see, 8-17 microns.

(4) thread or reticulate vessel 8 to 20 microns in diameter.

(5) the oil chamber pieces.

2, sweet circle pale tan.

1 the epidermal cells are polygonal or irregular rectangle, 6-16 microns long, thin wall. Pore diameter of 20 to 27 mu m, 5-8 accessory cells.

(2) the cell walls of mesocarp thick 3 to 10 microns.

(3) calcium oxalate Fang Jing 6-28 mu m long.

(4) catheter Lord for thread or pitted.

(5) the oil chamber size, radial, 360-1170 microns long, cut to length 195-520 microns.

Drugs used to identify

Orange peel are qi phlegm elimination effect, with wet phlegm indicates sheng, gas on the inverse of the cough. But citron flat, warms as orange peel, and the depression of liver stomach gas. Orange temperature dry sex is stronger, the phlegm effect is better than citron, attending spleen lung qi and wet blue card.

Drug name

Citron equivalents 】 【

"Pinyin" xiang yuan

"Alias" cedrat, dry hook edge, fragrant bubble tree, citron mandarin cedrat, sweet circle.

[English] Citron Fruit

Source of medicinal material base

Of rutaceae plants cedrat Citrus medica l. or sweet round Citrus wilsoniiTanaka dry ripe fruit.

Medicinal properties is discussed

Qi drug efficacy classification 】 【 Chinese herbal medicine - citron

"Sexual flavour to the" sheen; Bitter; Acid; Wen. Belong to the liver; Lung; The spleen.

Efficacy attending 】 【 chest tightness; Side rib pain; Cough phlegm.

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 3-6 g; Or the pill, powder.

Yin contraindication 】 【 blood dry and qi deficiency pregnant women who take carefully.

"Each discourse"

1. "Ben gleanings" : to gas, in addition to heart spit water.

2. "drink board was" : gas, under the open XiongGe.

3. "Ben tong xuan" : Richard on coke gas, anti-nausea inverse, eating, spleen.

4. "this through on the original" : gas indicates cough.

5. The medical code to Lin: weiwantong, qi in the wide, open.

6. "new materia medica" : flat ShuYu liver, lung qi, menstruation benefit water, waist beriberi.

7. "Ben for the original" : in addition to the long xiao.

8. "Ben tong xuan" : sweet circle neutralization, multi-purpose also damage of vital qi, alone with the cords,, no bad also.

9. "the classics on the original" : mandarin rafter is bergamot, citron, sexual flavour similar, regardless of reason "of materia medica" mix theory. Citrus bergamot also cover, rafter citron also, sputum and broken water, modern gas indicates, cough also take Chen. Remove the pulp with kernel, ordinary acid free charge.

10. "Ben will read:" sweet round leather, gas sputum elimination, under the width of the diaphragm. Although no temperature of orange peel, and investigate of sweet dry goods, Yin deficiency of blood dry when still disable ear.

Medicinal compatibility

1. Change the chest, a pain. The goods can come loose, bitter can drain, into the liver meridian and can move reorganization and the pain. Cure liver depression chest pain, often used to identify radix bupleuri, radix curcumae, bergamot. The goods work with bergamot, but the effect is.

2. And often abdominal distension painful. The goods fragrant air amuse oneself, XinHang bitter, into the spleen and stomach to wide qi. With cure spleen and stomach often abdominal distention and pain, belching swallow acid, ou akujiki, and wood, amomum villosum, used to identify it.

3. Cough phlegm retention, XiongGe adverse. The goods is dry drainage with phlegm cough, XinHang into the lung and spleen wide chest. With cure phlegm, cough, chest tightness, etc., often compatibility, pinellia, ginger poria cocos, etc.

Medicinal effect

Contains volatile oil has mild stimulation to the gastrointestinal tract, can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and secretion of digestive juice, remove intestinal pneumatosis, and expectorative effect.

Anti-inflammatory effect: 1.

The goods of hesperidin in guinea pigs caused by a lack of vitamin C and the eyes of the conjunctival blood vessels within the cells condensed and could improve the capillary resistance decrease, can reduce the coagulation of blood. And embolism (Thrombogenic) and atherosclerosis to feed feed or common feeding rats, can prolong the survival time of rats. Can stimulate the growth of a lack of vitamin C of guinea pigs, increase the guinea pig adrenal gland, spleen, and vitamin C content in white blood cells.

2. The antiviral effect:

Hesperidin join vesicular stomatitis virus before, put in the fiber cells in mice in 200 mu g/ml of hesperidin in advance hatching process, can protect cells against the virus about 24 hours. Hela preconditioned can prevent flu virus infection. But its antiviral activity can be eliminate by hyaluronidase.

3. Other effects:

Hesperidin can prevent frostbite and inhibit the lens of the aldehyde reductase in rats. Ketone of cortex phellodendri has enhanced in vitro rabbit intestinal tension and the effect of amplitude.

The prescription of extracts

(1) cure ballooning: citron a (pulp), Chen big walnut meat 2 (the skin), shrinkage amomum villosum two money (citron

citron

To the film). The calcined to save sex for powder, sugar mix. Hollow suit. (" this through on the original ");

(2) syndromes: citron fritter (nuclear) thin slice, with the wine into the sand in the bottle, with the boiled, the faint to five more degrees, mix with honey. When aroused in sleep, with a spoon to pick clothing. (" for illness ramble ");

(3) reversed flow of qi is not cure into the diet or ou Hui: two extremely citron, Chen's three two (heart) fritillary bulb, angelica 125 money Fried (black), white ricepaperplant pith (drying) one or two, Chen watermelon skin one or two, three money sweet platycodon grandiflorum. At the end of the porphyrization, splitting broken concentrated juice with sandalwood incense for pills, such as seed of tung tree is big. Take three money, each under the boiled water to send. Big virtual action. (the citron "new medvedev prescription pills).

Clinical research

With every 10 g of citron, monkshood, evodia rutaecarpa, divine comedy 20 g, water decoction, the treatment of superficial gastritis, 280 cases, cure the recovery is 95% (journal of practical internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine, 1994, 2:4); With stomach ning (dangshen, five faeces, atractylodes, dried tangerine or orange peel, citron, bergamot) treatment because of stomach and duodenum caused acute and chronic inflammation, cramps, ulcer weiwantong 120 cases, the total effective rate was 98% (shaanxi traditional Chinese medicine, 1995, 7:1995); Syndrome differentiation treatment clinical observation, the stomach precancerous lesion PCL68 patients of pixu (spleen deficient) and qi with citron definite tonga subtraction operation (citron peel, bitter orange, atractylodes, radix paeoniae alba, dried tangerine or orange peel, etc.), the results of clinical efficiency more than 90% (Beijing traditional Chinese medicine, 1994, 3:16).

Sources of research

Comes from the medica figure sutra: citric, such as small melon, if orange peel, and cute, the meat is very thick, such as carrots, although flavour is short and sweet atmosphere, win citrus and so on. Tao cloud warm and pleasant, seclusion in fujian, wide, Jiang Xijie, another man but of citron, or will be, also expensive. "Of materia medica" : citric, between fujian and widely. Wood, like zhu Luan and tip long branches, plant near water is a raw, in fact, like people, have pointed out that the common call of bergamot; Have long 'four or five ", such as orange, pomelo and thick, wrinkled and gloss, color such as melons, raw green ripe yellow, its fine, its taste is not well and attacks.

Citron cultivation history in China for more than two thousand years. When the eastern han dynasty Yang Fu foreign volunteers (the late 1st century AD) called citron. After the tang, song, called a citron.

Clinical application:

1. Citron pill (YiZong Jin Jian) reversed flow of qi vomiting, poor diet, abdominal distension belching: Chen citron 50 g, 50 g unibract fritillary bulb, 30 g, Fried angelica ricepaperplant pith of 20 g, 15 g, Chen watermelon skin for fine at the end of the sandalwood incense split water frying pan pill, take 10 g each, 2 times a day. Party of citron comfortable liver-qi, wide, phlegm, for your medicine.

2. Introduction: cough: citron, adequate system for the coarse powder, water thoroughly, with refined honey mix into a paste. Sleep in syndromes, two spoonfuls each. Party of citron comfortable liver-qi, wide, phlegm, for your medicine.

3. This product can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, expectorant, inhibit thrombosis.

4. In southwest yunnan bai, yi, naxi ethnic minorities such as the family courtyard with citron trees as greening tree species, after the citron fruit mature picked through simple processing made from sugar boiled citron preserves, into the pot after sealing can save one or two years' time, is the local people at the feast the weddings diners are entertaining a exquisite dessert.