Side of traditional Chinese medicine lung abscess of platycodon grandiflorum (91)

The medicinal value of

Basic medicine information

 

Platycodon grandiflorum is bulk seed medicinal materials which can be used as medicine and food, is a production cycle and a variety of market cycle is particularly evident, has always been a popular varieties and unwilling lonely hot spot. Characteristics of consumption is very big also, mainly for the leisure side dishes, is also one of the main medicinal materials for export. Platycodon medicine dosage is about more than 5000 tons, the total amount will also achieve -.

Platycodon grandiflorum in September to produce new, general growth cycle for 2 years, but may be the reason for the varieties of degradation or land use for a long time, now the largest region of tai li xing has become a perennial, the longest can grow over 6 years, and lignification was found, and kept the chifeng 2 years. Platycodon grandiflorum not vulnerable to natural disasters, the growth adaptability is very strong, can be cultivated, north of the Yangtze river is the main factors influencing the production of market price. However, the characteristics of field management and processing takes work, in the current rural migrant workers and labor cost increase of historical period, also became the main factors that influence and limit production. The cost of production should be reassessed. Platycodon grandiflorum in long-term storage should be stored in a refrigerator.

Characteristics of the market in the past five years has risen by more than 10 times, this huge opportunity will deep in people's mind, the next production peak were formed and the market downturn, still will attract a large number of capital and personnel to enter, next time can be considered to use for investment sentiment.

Specifications and quality: the northeast Inner Mongolia cargo is slightly better, scraped by hand for the best.

Origin: taihe LiXing Town, bozhou in anhui, Inner Mongolia chifeng cattle camp; Shandong zibo zibo ChiShang Town and yiyuan sancha village and shaanxi shangluo, shahe bakeries, yi village, zhang village as the traditional region; There are many other times region may form, need to pay attention to.

Introduction to the

For campanulaceae plants of platycodon grandiflorum dry root, bitter taste, sheen, lukewarm. In the lung. Can the expectorant cough and releasing lungs, abscess. The tender stem leaf and root are available for foods. Is rich in northeast China, is the Korean specialties.

Huang di reference:

Efficacy of classification: the antitussive, expectorant. [1]

Related medicinal materials: Er source earth platycodon grandiflorum, platycodon grandiflorum reed head.

Return the: lung.

Efficacy: releasing lungs, expectorant, pharynx, abscess, and fill up the five internal organs, and five law, relating.

Indications: cough phlegm, sore throats, pulmonary abscess spit pus, chest filled with pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, your breath sores, red swelling pain, urine retention of urine.

Efficacy and role

On releasing lungs, expectorant abscess. Exogenous cough, sore throat, lung carbuncle vomit pus, chest filled with pain, diarrhea abdominal pain.

(1) "this sutra: main chest pain like a knife, belly full, bowel faint, panic nervous.

(2) "don't record" : the five zang-organs intestines and stomach, blood gas, in addition to the fever, wind bi, the temperature gets valley, cure throat sore throat.

(3) the medicinal theory: under flow field, broken blood, pneumatosis, accumulation, saliva, sputum primary lung heat presses inverse, in addition to the stomach pain, cold evil in the Lord and pediatric chronic ulcerated.

Material medica: (4) the solar corona child under all gas, stop cholera twitch, heart pain, five law, relating, in addition to evil monarch, tonify deficiency phlegm elimination, remove lump, nourishing blood abscess, internal leakage and throat polioplus partners.

5. "Ben yan yi" : pulmonary abscess.

6 "pearl capsule" : cure sore throat, lung qi, to treat nasal congestion.

7 "of materia medica" : the main breath of sores, red eyes and sore.

End "of the traditional Chinese medicine form experience identification method: breast feeding.

Use attention

Long Yin deficiency syndromes do not taken, reversed flow of qi and coughing up blood.

(1) the huang notes: fear and white, longan, gentian.

(2) the medicine is good for ": avoid pork. Oysters, polygala therapy does anger; Stone, plaster therapy cold to disappear.

(3) "this through on the original" : Yin deficiency syndromes is unfavorable use, with its tong Yang frustrated also.

The character rises. Every person on the inverse shouts, vomiting, cough, dizziness, Yin fire, coughing up blood, should not be used; Gastric and duodenal ulcers in clothing. Excessive dosage of easy cause nausea and vomiting.

Adverse reactions:

1. The goods after can stimulate the gastric mucosa, dose is too big, can cause mild nausea, or vomiting. Gastric and duodenal ulcer with caution, dose also shoulds not be too big.

2, the goods platycodon grandiflorum saponins have stronger hemolytic effect, so the only appropriate oral, cannot be used for injection; The hydrolysis of platycodon grandiflorum saponins in the digestive tract after oral and damage, namely no hemolysis.

3. To mice subcutaneously, minimal lethal dose of 770 mg/kg.

Note: white lisianthus particularly precious!

Legend has it that

The legend of platycodon grandiflorum happiness blooms

Legend, platycodon grandiflorum blossoms represent happiness comes again. But people can seize happiness, some people are destined to it, can't catch it, can't stop. So platycodon grandiflorum has double meanings, eternal love and with no hope of love...

A, platycodon grandiflorum and miko

In more than 500 years ago, in this world there are four soul of jade of the pure and holy jade, it is the goal of many monsters for. A beautiful but lonely miko has been guarding it, then she only exist purification, healing, in addition to the demon. Until one day, she and a half to steal jade demon fell in love. Two lonely, also need caring heart to comfort each other. They agreed to use four soul of jade makes half demon into a human, and together forever.

But then another monster heart of envy, provoke them, make them mutual mistrust and misunderstanding. Finally miko left half demon seal, himself with four soul of jade and resentment heart died following half demon.

Miko reincarnation later came to now and unfinished stumbles that girls were returned to half demon seal after 50 years, again meet with half a demon, and solved the seals. In the fight against the devil and half demon fight together in the process, they know each other, love each other. But then the devil use wu woman raise miko resentment. A resentment, suppress the heart of love, a brave but love is only, finding a man who cannot take two overlapping the shadow, let half demon cannot choose.

After clean up the monster, miko reached half demon, as your spirit force and the power of the four soul of jade let him become a human. He came to modern times, with the girl lived a happy life. Wu female soul also returned to the reincarnation of the girl's body, false body has gone. Girl I feel at this moment, miko the resentment of the heart already does not exist, there is only the love of half-and-half demon has never changed. The wu's name is called - platycodon grandiflorum.

Second, platycodon grandiflorum and the girl

"Balloon" of the Korean alphabet is called a "lucky". In Korean folklore tathagata lachey is a girl's name, local Lord rob her foreclosed, her lover angrily hacked to death the landlords, the result was put into prison, girl die of grief, dying for boys chopping up sticks on the mountain road was buried in youth. The following spring, on her grave a purple flower, people call it "lucky".

"Chinese pharmacopoeia" : platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Ju G ě n ɡ

[English] RADIX PLATYCODONIS

"Alias" baggage flowers, bell when flowers, lucky

【 origin 】 this product is a campanulaceae plants characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) a. d. c. dry root. Excavation of spring, autumn season, wash and remove hair root, while fresh stripped skin, skin or not dry.

【 characteristics 】 this product is cylindrical or slightly assumes the spindle, the lower gradually thin, some have branch, slightly distorted, 7 ~ 20 cm long, 0.7 ~ 2 cm in diameter. On the surface of white or yellowish white, not to skin surface yellow brown to brown; With longitudinal and torsional wrinkles ditch, lenticels and cross a long sample spot and the root. The upper horizontal stripes. Some of the top is not obvious, or has a shorter roots several half moon stem scars. Very brittle, cross section is not flat, cambium ring, brown skin class white, there are cracks, yellowish white wood. Odorless, bitter after taste sweet.

[identify] : (1) of this product this cork cell survival, sometimes don't go to cork layer of skin, cell contains calcium oxalate crystal edges. Narrow cortex, common crack. Slightly thicker phloem breasts are scattered in the nest of tubes, wall, containing fine granular yellow-brown. Cambium the ring formation. Xylem conduit single scattered or several together, radiate out in. Parenchyma cells contain inulin.

(2) of this product, sliced, with rare glycerine filling piece, microscope, visible fan or class round of inulin crystallization.

(3) take the product powder 1 g, with 7% sulfuric acid ethanol - water (1:3) mixture 20 ml, heating reflux 3 hours, put the cold, two were extracted with chloroform vibration wave, every time 20 ml, merge chloroform liquid, 30 ml water washing, refuse to wash, chloroform liquid with anhydrous sodium sulfate dehydrate, filtration, the filtrate zhenggan residue add 1 ml dissolved methanol, as the test solution. Another 1 g of platycodon grandiflorum control medicinal material, with the legal system into a controlled medicine solution. According to thin layer chromatography (appendix Ⅵ B) test, each 10 mu l learned these two solution, each point in the same silica G thin layer plate, chloroform (1:1) - ether as expansion agent, and taken out, dry spray with 10% ethanol solution of sulfuric acid in the 105 ℃ heating to the spot color is clear. In the chromatogram of the test, chromatographic corresponding to the position, the same color spots.

[up] to remove impurities, washing, nourishes, cut thick slices, dry.

This product is a inclined oval or irregular flakes, skin have to remove or occasional residues. Cutting face pale yellowish white, narrower; Cambium ring, hazel; Xylem width, have more fractures. Very brittle and easily broken. According to the content of [with] method under determination, including the total saponins shall not be less than 5.5%.

Bitter, sexual flavour 】 【 simba, ping.

"To the" lung.

Xuan lung function attending 】 【, pharynx, expectorant, abscess. Used for cough phlegm, bosom frowsty, sore throat, sound dumb, pulmonary abscess vomit pus, ulcers pus into does not collapse.

【 usage and dosage 】 3 ~ 9 g.

【 storage 】 ventilated, dry place, moth-proofing.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

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The Chinese medicine dictionary: platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Ju G ě n ɡ

"Alias" operator 蔰, baiyao, eg, grass, such as (material medica) "Wu Pu, figure, wil 苨 (" don't record"), bitter terrier (Dan brook method), bitter platycodon grandiflorum (of materia medica), big medicine (jiangsu plant medicine journal).

【 origin 】 this sutra"

【 origin 】 for campanulaceae plants platycodon root. Spring and autumn season two harvest, and as the autumn mining weight quality, quality is better. After harvest to net seedling leaves, wash the dirt, namely immersion, scrape off the skin, dry. In case of rain shall dry.

【 】 the original form platycodon grandiflorum, also known as: baggage flowers, four leaf vegetables, rape, mountain bell.

Perennial herbs, 30-90 cm tall, smooth and glabrous. Roots fleshy, cylindrical, or branch. Stems erect, simple or branched. Leaves nearly sessile, in stem, lower leaves opposite or 3 ~ 4 piece whorl, upper stem leaves sometimes alternate; Leaf blade lanceolate, oval 3 ~ 6 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate or subrounded, margin with sawtooth. Flowers solitary on apex of stem, or flower into a scanty unripe raceme; Calyx bell shape, apex 5-lobed; Corolla bell-shaped, violet, diameter 3 ~ 5 cm, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; Stamens 5, filaments short, base expanded, anther around the stigma around; Ovary half lower, 5 room, stigma 5-lobed, revolute, white villous. New moon fruit obovoid, when the top 5 disc. Seeds ovoid, three edges. Flowering 7 ~ 9 months. Fruiting 8 ~ 10 months.

Wild habitat division 】 【 in slope in the grass. Most of our country have distribution. Across the country were made. Agriculture is anhui, henan, hubei, liaoning, jilin, hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places.

【 description 】 dry root long fusiform or cylindric. Lower gradually thin, sometimes slightly curved, apex with rhizome (reed), there are many half moon stem scars (reed bowl). Total length of 6 ~ 30 cm, diameter is about 0.5 ~ 2 cm. Surface is white or pale brown, shrinkage, the upper horizontal stripes, connect body to have longitudinal groove, lower part, especially with white or pale brown lenticels sample root mark, lateral slightly longer. Strong fragile, easily broken, section classes white to brown, slightly granular, radial crack, of a narrow, cambium significantly, light brown, white wood classes, the pulp. No, slightly sweet and bitter taste. With a uniform thick, solid, white, taste bitter is preferred. The uneven, broken hollow, grey color is inferior quality.

Chemical composition 】 【 root contains saponins, polygala acid known its composition, platycodon grandiflorum saponins yuan and glucose. And containing spinach spinach sterol, alpha phuong - beta - D - glucose glucoside, Δ 7 - bean steroid enol, birch, fatty alcohol, and inulin, characteristics of chitosan. And from the three characteristics of triterpene class material: platycodon grandiflorum acid A, B, and C.

Take coffee acyl delphinium element - 2-3 rutin sugar - 5 - glucose glucoside.

[pharmacological action] (1) expectoranting action

Anesthetic dogs oral decoction after 1 g/kg, airway mucus secretion volume significantly increased, strength can be compared with ammonium chloride. Another reports that its effect is stronger than polygala and inferior to the vision, and the use of phenol red excretion measurement, the role of weaker than polygala. Cat of anaesthesia and promote the role of airway mucus secretion. Expectoranting action is mainly caused by which contains saponins, small doses can stimulate the gastric mucosa, causing mild nausea, thus increased bronchial secretion in reflection. According to the comparison of hemolysis effect strength, think wild platycodon grandiflorum is better than the effect of cultivation, not much better than the effect of peeling skin, slightly bigger than a white role of alfalfa, the strongest growth for 2 years, and the 1 years times, the effect of 3 years minimum. Compared with polygala, platycodon grandiflorum were weaker.

(2) other role

Rabbit internal and characteristics of water or alcohol extract can make blood sugar drops, rabbit caused by alloxan diabetes, more significant the effect of lowering blood sugar, liver glycogen reduced after the medication can be restored. Platycodon grandiflorum saponins can reduce the liver of rats bladder sterol content and increase the secretion of sterol and gallic acid, thus have an effect on cholesterol metabolism. In vitro test of water infusion of flocculent skin tinea bacteria have inhibition.

[toxic] platycodon grandiflorum saponins have hemolytic effect, cannot be used for injection, oral after hydrolysis in the digestive tract damage, i.e. no hemolysis. To the mice subcutaneously, minimal lethal dose of 770 mg/kg.

Pick up 】 【 net impurities, remove reed head and wash out, nourishes the sliced, dry.

(1) the theory of tripterygium wilfordii cannon main: "whoever makes platycodon grandiflorum, sharp has two or three points to go head, and two side branches, smooth file, with a v water lily. When Lu, dry with slow fire boil. Two, each about four born with five points, lily dao for cream dipping into the water."

(2) "of materia medica" : "platycodon grandiflorum, today but scrape FuPi. Used for processing drugs soak overnight, Fried slice micro."

【 sex flavor 】 cosin, ping.

(1) "the classics", "xin, lukewarm."

(2) "don't record" : "bitter, have small poison."

(3) "medicinal theory" : "bitter, flat, non-toxic.

"To the" into the lungs, stomach, through.

(1) the soup liquid material medica: "into the feet shaoyin, hand lunar."

(2) the collection of the essence of ":" line of foot lunar."

(3) "huang shu" : "lunar and less cloudy, and into the meridian of yangming foot."

Open releasing lungs function attending 】 【 gas, expectorant abscess. Exogenous cough, sore throat, lung carbuncle vomit pus, chest filled with pain, diarrhea abdominal pain.

(1) "the classics", "main chest pain like a knife, belly full, bowel faint, panic nervous."

(2) "don't record" : "the five zang-organs intestines and stomach, blood gas, in addition to fever, wind bi, the temperature gets valley, cure throat sore throat."

(3) "medicinal theory", "rule dysentery, broken blood, to pneumatosis, accumulation, saliva, sputum primary lung heat presses inverse, in addition to the stomach pain, cold evil in the Lord and pediatric chronic ulcerated."

Material medica: (4) the solar corona child "under all gas, stop cholera twitch, heart pain, five law, relating, in addition to evil monarch, tonify deficiency phlegm elimination, remove lump, nourishing blood abscess, internal leakage and throat polioplus partners."

5. "Ben yan yi", "cure pulmonary abscess.

6 "pearl capsule", "treatment of a sore throat, lung qi, stuffy nose."

All landowners Gao lee: "XiongGe, (treated) gas indicates and throat pain, broken lag gas and block, (except) lung hot wind, clear leader, intruders."

End "of materia medica", "the Lord of breath of sores, red eyes and sore."

Pet-name ruby "of the traditional Chinese medicine form experience identification method" : "lactation."

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 1 ~ 2 money; Or the pill, powder.

【 note 】 long Yin deficiency syndromes do not taken, reversed flow of qi and coughing up blood.

(1) the huang notes: "white terror and, longan, gentian."

(2) the medicine to ", "avoid pork. Oysters, polygala therapy does anger; stone, plaster therapy cold to disappear."

(3) Zhu Zhenheng: "under virtual and anger rose shouldn't."

(4) "the classics on the original" : "long Yin deficiency syndromes should not be used, with its tong Yang frustrated also."

【 compound 】 (1) to treat lung carbuncle, cough and chest, cold pulse number, dry throat, not thirsty when the turbidity salivary so long spit pus like rice porridge: platycodon grandiflorum one or two, licorice two two. In two flavours, with three litres of water, boil a liter, points to suit warm, purulent blood also vomit. (synopsis of platycodon grandiflorum soup)

(2) cure phlegm syndromes asthma nasty uncertainty: platycodon grandiflorum a two and a half. Dao is scattered, with the boy half a liter of urine, Fried mixture, to the chamber temperature. (" briefly dhi all the parties ")

(3) to treat throat bi and gas: the characteristics of the two. Three litres of water, boil a liter, take the meal. (the daughter))

(4) cold compaction and chest, no hot license: platycodon grandiflorum, crotonic one point (peeled, heart, through the black, such as fat), fritillaria three points. On the three as the loose, white kimono, strongman Bi half money, this is reduced. Disease on the diaphragm will spit, and shall, under the diaphragm, into the hot cup of porridge more than, into the cold porridge a cup. White powder) (" treatise on febrile diseases ", which

(5) typhoid mass at the right hypochondrium, chest full of dying: platycodon grandiflorum and hovenia dulcis) (main, would be the one or two. File such as the big rice bean, half a litre of water, cook by half, to the chamber, two suits. (Sue Shen Liangfang hovenia dulcis soup)

6 YaGan smells rotten cure: platycodon grandiflorum, fennel, etc. Burning research apply. (" health easy JianFang ")

All landowners chest full of pain. With platycodon grandiflorum, orange etc. Fried 2 cups of water, into a cup, warm clothing.

End of typhoid abdominal distension (rift) Yin and Yang. With characteristics of three money, pinellia, dried tangerine or orange peel, ginger five, and two cups of water, into a suit. The name "characteristics of pinellia decoction".

Pet-name ruby sore throat. Take licorice soup first, if not more, take platycodon grandiflorum soup again.

Attending your breath sores. The above treatment.

⑾ decayed tooth sore. With platycodon grandiflorum and job 's-tears, divided into, at the end of the drink.

⑿ trough the wind (sore gums). With platycodon grandiflorum porphyrization, with Chinese date into meat balls, such as honeylocust fruit. Wrapped in cotton, upper and lower teeth biting. Commonly used herba schizonepetae decoct soup mouthwash.

[13] eye pain, black eye. With platycodon grandiflorum a kilo, black petunia first three two, total porphyrization, add honey pill, such as the child. Take forty pill, each under the warm water. Taken twice a day. The party says "platycodon grandiflorum pill".

[14] nosebleed. With platycodon grandiflorum porphyrization, add water to make. Take a teaspoon, each taken four times a day. Add raw chip rhino horn can be medicine.

Blood ⒂ vomiting blood. The above treatment.

Has displayed injured blood stasis. By the end of platycodon grandiflorum, take a few, each under the rice water to send.

⒄ method in the blood (such as chicken liver blood color, a large number of discharge, illness is hot risks). With platycodon grandiflorum porphyrization, each take one teaspoon, wine to send. Take this medicine three times a day. The early must be liquid. About seven days later, the blood check. Can eat pork liver soup filling body. Also can add horns in medicine, dosage and the characteristics of uniform.

⒅ evil (heart suddenly big pain) in pregnancy. With characteristics of one or two, file is fine, plus three slices of ginger. A glass of water decoction.

Each paper 】 【 (1) "of materia medica", "zhu gong" the book of the living "chests are the new full of pain, platycodon grandiflorum, shell, take its tong lung was under the diaphragm gas; zhang zhongjing treatise on febrile disease cure chest cold compaction, the with platycodon grandiflorum, fritillaria, croton, take its temperature, valley, broken product also; and cure pulmonary abscess salivary pus, with radix platycodi, radix glycyrrhizae, take its bitter XinQing lung, GanWen purging fire, purulent blood, internal leakage and make-up. Its cure sore throat shaoyin card 2, 3, also with platycodon grandiflorum. Licorice, take the bitter cold, gump PingChu hot, and use of, can not also. Later renamed GanJie soup, treat throat breath all disease. Movable and herba schizonepetae, windproof, forsythia, hence the name like the soup, the test also. By the king of the ancient medical base YuanRong carried the quite detailed, cloud aphonia myrobalan, sound out and pinellia, gas on dried tangerine or orange peel, stripping plus rhizoma anemarrhenae, fritillaria, cough thirsty plus five tastes, these add kudzuvine root, less gas and ginseng, ou pinellia, ginger, salivary purulent blood and phlegm, lung impotent to add gelatin, XiongGe adverse to add orange, mind the new full and acid-insoluble ash, red eyes and gardenia, rhubarb, face is swollen with poria cocos, astragalus, the skin is very hair spot with wind, herba schizonepetae, plague rat poison and stick son, rhubarb, can not sleep and gardenia."

(2) "huang shu) :" platycodon grandiflorum, view the main disease, should be hard GanPing, lukewarm non-toxic. Typhoid evil "chest side, then pain like a knife, evil in medium, the belly is full and bowel faint, xin fu, bitter drainage and, then the evil and gas and, all CARDS from the back. Its main panic nervous gas, mist qi and blood deficiency, now this card, the bushing in the medicine, through the power of the ascended, thought the boat loaded with, this make job also." don't record "the five zang-organs intestines and stomach, blood gas, the cover is refers to the evil solution since and viscera intestines and stomach, and blood gas from birth also. In addition to the fever bi wind, temperature, flow under the throat sore throat, method of poison, all evil to detoxify through the valley of the work. Also eliminate valley, with the sun be the spirit of the rise, make the medium without sinking sun be the spirit of long floating in the spleen, and the valley feed vanish. ZhenQuan to under flow field, and to promote, lung heat heat evil reason also. Set to from evil monarch wen, lung abscess, as the ancient to the know-how in addition to the lung hot wind, clear leader, pharynx Ai XiongGe lag gas and pain, in addition to congestion, into the lung development and the work of reconciliation."

(3) "Ben tong xuan" : "platycodon grandiflorum, only into the lung, lung is given priority to the dirty gas, therefore, can make the gas drops, secular mud as the rise of agent cannot downward, loss of its use."

(4) "compendium advocates the" : "platycodon grandiflorum, Yang side less pain, obstruction of the upper energizer, bowel, medium of the belly full of energy. Jing is on the air again, fear the gas, the nervous is moving, is characteristics of gas per medicine can treat also 3."

(5) "compendium" pursuing: "platycodon grandiflorum, according to the book both load will lead the upward, and can carry the following gas, in his righteousness? Cover flange XiongGe zang-fu organs, your general interest, there is a cold evil block, qi, it lies in the lungs, or as adverse, sputum and see indicates palpitations congestion; in the Yang Ming, or wind hot muscle, and the saw tooth pain; the shaoyin, for cold closed fire yu, and see the eye red throat sore throat certification; over fire depression in lung, see aphtha lung carbuncle dry cough; fire depression on coke, see XiongGe tingling; lung fire yu e., the abdominal pain diarrhea, stomach bowel. Always are cold depression in lung, closed its know-how, is not upward, turbidity due to not drop ear. Characteristics of lung qi in medicine, for the boat, carried the buoyancy, will lead a bitter drainage agent under the strict, as for the success of the highest points, and give clear both have to rise, the polluted air from g is reduced, reasons things out the root of gas so."

6 "medicine sign" : "platycodon grandiflorum, attending turbidity salivary swollen pus also, beside the remedy for a sore throat.... that xiao yue: sore throat, with liquorice decoction, less Chai and platycodon grandiflorum soup. Also is is licorice, urgent also slow their poison, and muddy spit pus, Lord of licorice, so its not Chai, and platycodon. Therefore, a sore urgent soup of platycodon grandiflorum, muddy spit pus much pus soup."

# 7 the chongqing essays: "platycodon grandiflorum, and open lung qi, yu xuan a better mousetrap, the upper energizer medicine also. Lung qi open house gas flux, also under treat abdominal pain, yesterday people have drop is refers to the rise in. But after all litres of medicine, disease belong to the upper energizer and empirical medicine disease-free, and is also available; if the hardness in Yin deficiency and floating fire is easy to move, when be cautious. Although the disease can be found in the upper energizer, but from medicine, particularly the forbidden agent. Yesterday said of the boat, the most easily person by mistake. His light smell of medicine, are put to the upper energizer, loaded on the boat, has much. Qualitative thick heavy taste of medicine, cure and hardness, above the line, more is meaningless. It is not only lower disease is not available, namely the upper energizer disease, but also played the bi in lung, qi depression in the heart, the knot in Yang points is available in the beginning of. Such as throat phlegm syndromes, but cold outside will keep appropriate. Yin not only internal injuries for the drug, namely fire poison rise should be clear cut, is also unavailable."

[from] the Chinese medicine dictionary

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"The Chinese material medica: platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Ju G ě n ɡ

[English] Platycodon Root

"Alias" operator 蔰, baiyao, eg., grass, Lu Ru, figure, wil century, bitter, bitter platycodon grandiflorum and big medicine, sowthistle root

【 origin 】 from the cold-induced febride.

1. Tao hongjing... : platycodon grandiflorum, a faster route everywhere. Leaf name, 7) 2, born in March, can cook. Common side with this, is the name of wil 苨. Today don't have wil 苨 to antidote to the poison, is the so-called disorderly ginseng, not the platycodon grandiflorum, and leaf is very similar, but wil 苨 leaf under sliding ze glabrous to different light, Ye Sheng as ginseng relative person again.

2. "tang materia medica" : ginseng plants like five plus broadly short, stems round, three or four fork, fork head has five leaves. Tao led wil 苨 ginseng, quite. And wil 苨, platycodon grandiflorum, and poor interoperability, also have three, four pairs of leaves, all on a straight stem, leaf is disorderly, but concerned with the root

【 origin 】 medicinal material base source: platycodon root of campanulaceae plants.

Latin animal plant mineral name: Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) a. DC. [Campanula grandiflora Jacq.]

Harvesting and storage: two years or cultivation in autumn sowing, excavation of cut stem, dig out the root, wash the dirt, fresh with a bowl or heavy pieces by scrape off the skin, 2 to 3 h, put clean water waves, dry; Or go to reed slice, dry.

"The original form" platycodon grandiflorum Perennial herbs, 30-120 cm tall. All plants have white milk. Taproot fusiform, long branch less. Stems glabrous, usually upper branch or a branch. Leaves 3 or 4 pieces of whorl, opposite or alternate; Sessile or very short shank; Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 2-7 cm long, 0.5 3 cm wide, apex acute, base cuneate, margin with sharp blade, the following is a white powder. 1 to several flowers flowers solitary stem top or integrated in thin raceme; Calyx bell shape, lobes 5; Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 4-6 cm in diameter, blue or purple, lobes 5, triangular; Stamens 5, filaments base width, densely covered with fine wool; Ovary inferior, styles 5-lobed. Capsule ovoid, when the top 5 disc crack. Seed the majority and brown. Flowering in September 7 -, fruiting 8-10 months.

Ecological environment habitat division 】 【 : on mountain slopes, forest margins, or culture.

Resource distribution: distribution in various areas.

"Culture" biological characteristics Like cool climate, hardy, like sunshine. Appropriate cultivation at an altitude of 1100 m below the foothills, clothing and Yang in the sandy loam, with rich under neutral clip sand better growth, seed longevity for one year, under the low temperature storage, can extend the life of the seeds. 0 to 4 ℃ dry seed storage for 18 months, the germination percentage 3.5 4 times higher than that of normal temperature storage. 70% of the seed germination rate and the temperature 18 to 25 ℃, have enough temperature, seeding 15 d after emergence.

Cultivation techniques In seed breeding, live and seedling transplanting method. Live, with warm water before planting seed 24 h, or with 0.3% potassium permanganate soaked with 12 h. Spring and autumn sowing, good for autumn sowing. Deep drilling, spaced 20-25 cm, 3-5 cm, GaiHuo ash after seeding, watering a crackdown. Emergence of about 2 weeks. Stay miao about 5 cm high, scarification, can in dense or delicate seedlings, seedling 10-15 cm high, according to 10 cm planting distance singling. Seedling raising method, in the arid region, is used when no irrigation condition. Make 150 cm wide strip, drilling, spaced 5-10 cm, 1-1.5 cm, turns the soil to keep the soil moist. About 2 weeks emergence. Seedlings seedlings after pulling a cipher, and scarification weeding, transplanting field to next April.

Field management 1 has left and right sides, after transplanting seedlings from 5 to 10 cm, combined with the row weeding fertilizer 1, 15000 kg per 1 hm2 shi light human and animal manure. 6 to 7 months before flowering, per hm2 calcium superphosphate 150-225 kg, 1 red to topdressing human and animal dung liquid one. After winter plant wither analysis, heavy ShiDong fat, give priority to with human and animal dung and manure. Due to the characteristics of flowering time is longer, the growth and development of flower consume a large amount of nutrients, remove flower fruit, reduce the consumption of nutrient, can improve the output of the root. Coated spray in 1 x 10-3 ethephon 1 time, basically achieve the purpose that divide a flower. Smoking stems from budding to ridging after indicates the root, in case of lodging.

Diseases and pests prevention and cure of diseases have ring spot and the spot blight Ye Sheng. The early onset of spray 1:1:10 0 bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid. Root rot, but out in the early onset of strain, still can use bacteria, 50% wettable powder 500 times liquid infusion. Pests have proposed to armor, platycodon root, available 90% trichlorfon 800 times 800 times liquid or 50% zinc sulphur phosphorous liquid spray. And starscream, cutworms, aphids, food insect harm.

[properties] identification Root cylindric or fusiform, lower gradually thin, some branches, 6-20 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter. Surface yellowish white, slightly shiny, shrinkage, distortion of longitudinal groove, and a transverse skin 孔玟 marks and the root mark, sometimes visible not scrape the yellow brown or grey brown cork; The upper roots (reed) 0.5 4 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter, half moon stem scars, section plate shaped. Hard brittle and easily broken, broken slightly uneven surface, visible radial crack, skin class white, cambium ring brown, pale yellow wood. Micro, sweet, bitter taste.

With root hypertrophy, white, mass enrichment, bitter taste is preferred.

Microscopic identification Residual root transverse section: cork layer sometimes; Wooden gun cells small Fang Jing accidentally containing calcium oxalate. Window of cortex. Sometimes phloem is broad, the lateral fissure; The outer phloem ray gradually bend; Screen nest of tubes and nest of tubes associated, radial hash, breast wall slightly thick, with yellow brown granules. Cambium the ring formation. Xylem conduit single scattered or several together, a magnificent pattern; Wood ray wide. Parenchyma cells contain inulin.

Powder characteristics: beige. (1) the inulin is numerous, with cold water and chloral liquid device, parenchyma cells of inulin briquette fan. (2) the milk pipe for nodal coupling milk, 14-25 microns in diameter, with pale yellow oil droplets and particles. (3) scalariform, checker and bordered pit catheter 16-72 microns in diameter. (4) wood parenchyma cells and longitudinal surface view rectangle, microwave shape bending end wall. Did not go to net visible cork cells of the skin, light brown, some contain tiny calcium oxalate crystal.

Root contains a variety of chemical composition 】 【 saponins, has so far share of 18 kinds of triterpenoid saponins, they are; Platycodon grandiflorum saponins (platycodin) A, C, D [1], D2, D3, to celery sugar-based platycodon grandiflorum saponins (deapioplatycodin) D, D3, and 2 - O - = acetyl platycodon grandiflorum saponins (2 - O - acetylplatycodin) D2, 3 - O - acetyl platycodon grandiflorum saponins (3 - O - acetylplaty - codin) D2, polygala saponins (polyglalacin) D, D2, 2 - O - acetyl polygala saponins (2 - O - acetylpolygalacin) D, D2, 3 - O - acetyl polygala saponins (3 - O - acetylpolygalacin) D, D2, platycodon grandiflorum methyl glucoside acid - A (methyl platyconate - A), 2 - O - methyl methyl glucoside acid - A platycodon (methyl - 2 - O - methyplatyconate - A), platycodon grandiflorum glucoside acid - A lactone (platyconic acid - A lactone) [2], the main component is characteristics of saponins D, platycodon grandiflorum saponins A, also known as 2 - O - acetyl saponins platycodon D, platycodon grandiflorum saponins C also known as 3 - O - acetyl saponins platycodon D. A variety of mixed saponins produced by the complete hydrolysis of saponins yuan are: platycodon grandiflorum saponins yuan (platycodigenin) [3], polygala acid (polygalacic acid) [4], and A small amount of platycodon grandiflorum acid (platycodigenin) [3], polygala acid (polygalacic acid) [4], and A small amount of platycodon grandiflorum acid (platycogenic acid) A, B, C [5]; 如混合皂甙进行部分水解，则得到8种次皂甙（pros-aponin），它们在分离过程中是以甲酯形或分得的：3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基远志酸甲酯（methyl 3-O-β-D-glucpyranosyl polygala-cate，3-O-β-昆布二糖基远志酸甲酯（methyl 3-O-β-laminaribiosyl polygalacate），3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基桔梗皂甙元甲酯（3-O-β-D=glucopyranosyl platycodigenin methyl ester）3-O-β-龙胆二糖基桔梗皂甙元甲酯（3-O-β-gluctinobiosylplatycodi-genin methyl ester），3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基桔梗酸A内酯甲酯（3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl platycogenin A lactone methyl ester）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基桔梗酸A二甲酯（dimethyl 3-O-β-D-glu-copyranosyl platycogenate A）,2-O-甲基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基桔梗酸A 二甲酯（dimethyl 2-O-methyl-3-O-methyl-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl platycogenate A）[6].根还含白桦脂醇（betulin）,α-菠菜菜甾醇（α-spinasterol），α-菠菜甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙（α-spinasteryl-β-D-gluco-side）[2]。

[pharmacological action] 1. Expectorant and antitussive effect: anesthetic dogs oral decoction 1 g/kg, can significantly increase the secretion of respiratory tract mucous quantity, its strength can be compared with ammonium chloride. Cat also have obvious dosage-effect relation of anesthesia. Reports of platycodon grandiflorum saponins expectoranting action is stronger than polygala, inferior to the vision (Poygala senegaL.). The method of phenol red in mice weak Yu Yuanzhi test results. Platycodon grandiflorum contains saponins of throat when oral mucosa and caused some degree of gastric mucosal stimulation, reflection to cause respiratory tract mucous hypersecretion, dilute sputum, prompting them to discharge, crude radix platycodi saponins have a cough. By intraperitoneal injection of guinea pigs and cough median effective dose of 6.4 mg/kg.

2. Fall blood sugar function: rabbit lavage platycodon grandiflorum water or alcohol extract 200 mg/kg can make blood sugar to drop, the curve of the water extract and lavage 25 to 50 mg/kg a sulfonated butyl urea is similar. Water and alcohol extracts of 500 mg/kg for four days to fill the stomach, the experimental alloxan diabetic rabbit also have fall blood sugar, reduce the liver glycogen, see recovered after the medication, and can inhibit the food rise in blood sugar, the effect of alcohol extract relatively strong water extract.

3. The inhibitory effect of gastric juice secretion and antiulcer: crude saponins in less than 1/5 of platycodon median lethal dose of dose often inhibit gastric secretion and peptic ulcer in rats. 100 mg/kg dose, almost can completely inhibit gastric secretion caused by pyloric ligation in rats. Rats duodenal injection 25 mg/kg of crude radix platycodi saponins, can prevent the formation of peptic ulcer, its role and the subcutaneous injection l0mg/kg atropine, but 100 mg/kg lavage for the prevention of stress ulcer than subcutaneous injection atropine 10 mg/kg twice as weak, the ulcer model of rats caused by acetic acid, crude radix platycodi saponins can significantly reduce the coefficient of the ulcer, and the curative effect of 25 mg/kg daily group than licorice extract FM100 daily 200 mg/kg group.

4. The anti-inflammatory effects of a thick, platycodon grandiflorum saponins have anti-inflammatory effect, pouring the median lethal dose of 1/10-1/5 doses hind limbs of rat carageen glue swollen feet and acetate swelling has anti-inflammatory effect. Less than 1/10 half lethal dose lavage dose, 1 times a day, continuous dosing, on rat granuloma induced by cotton ball also has significant inhibitory effect, and also effective for adjuvant arthritis of rats. This preparation can reduce allergic reaction, the capillary permeability of mice. In mice body torsion induced by intraperitoneal injection of platycodon grandiflorum saponins and abdominal cavity effusion, lavage same saponins can produce inhibition. Platycodon grandiflorum no direct antibacterial effect, but its water extract can enhance the phagocytosis of macrophage, strengthen the neutrophil sterilization force. To improve the activity of lysozyme.

5. The role of the circulation system: rats with crude saponins intravenous platycodon, visible temporary drop in blood pressure, heart rate slow down and respiratory depression. High concentrations of the ear in vitro guinea pig heart, when the negative inotropic effect. Anesthetic dogs artery injection of 200-800 mg/kg crude saponins, platycodon can reduce coronary artery and limb vascular resistance, increase blood flow, its strength can be compared with papaverine. When 4 mg/kg intravenous also can increase the coronary artery and the flow of blood to the hind limbs and accompanied by a temporary blood pressure (hypotension). It is believed that vasodilation is foreign perivascular direct action.

6. Other effects of a thick, platycodon grandiflorum saponins have sedative and analgesic and antipyretic effect. Can inhibit the spontaneous activity of mice, extend the sleep time of cyclohexanol pentobarbital sodium. But for electric shock and e four nitrogen convulsion without protection. Platycodon grandiflorum saponins can decrease the content of cholesterol in the liver of rats, increase cholesterol and bile acid excretion, and resistance against acetylcholine and histamine effect, can restrain the acetylcholine and histamine contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro. Rats lavage characteristics of 2 g/kg, the bilateral jugular vein ligation congestive edema caused by inhibition and diuretic effect. In vitro test showed that this decoction "has inhibitory effect to the flocculent skin ringworm fungi, this product contains betulin 400 mg/kg of rats, Z56 muscle tumor injection system (SWA16) have antitumor activity of the edge.

[toxic] platycodon grandiflorum saponins have hemolytic effect, cannot be used for injection, oral after hydrolysis in the digestive tract damage, i.e. no hemolysis. To the mice subcutaneously, minimal lethal dose of 770 mg/kg.

Mice gastric platycodon grandiflorum decoction of median lethal dose of 24 g/kg, rabbit lavage decoction 40 / kg, five rabbit all died within 24 hours, dose of 20 / kg, are all alive, platycodon grandiflorum the hemolytic effect of saponins have very strong the hemolytic index and source fixed number of year of the origin and growth, collecting time, processing methods, such as from 1 to 0 to 1, 1000, hemolytic effect as the essence of phloem of 4.4 to 6.5 times that of not peeling of platycodon grandiflorum were slightly bigger than the peeling of platycodon grandiflorum. So the characteristics of injection drug delivery. Mice subcutaneously minimal lethal dose of 770 mg/kg. Crude radix platycodi saponins of mice and rats lavage median lethal dose of 420 mg/kg respectively and people at 800 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection were 22.3 mg/kg and 14.1 mg/kg. Lavage high-dose platycodon grandiflorum saponins, can reflex sexual excitement vomiting center, can cause nausea and vomiting.

[identify] physical and chemical identification of powder or slice of alpha purple violet naphthol thick alcohol test solution.

Pick up 】 【 net impurities, remove reed head and wash out, nourishes the sliced, dry.

1. The theory of tripterygium wilfordii cannon main: platycodon grandiflorum, sharp 23 points in the third to go head, and two Banks with branches, smooth file, use water lily a volt. Lu out, slow fire boil dry. Two, each about four in the lily five points, dao for cream dipping into the water.

2. "of materia medica" : platycodon grandiflorum, today but scrape FuPi. Used for processing drugs soak overnight and micro Fried with slice.

【 sex flavor 】 bitter taste; Sheen; Sex is flat

"To the" to the lungs; The stomach

Xuan lung function attending 】 【; Eliminating phlegm; The swallow; Abscess. The main cough phlegm; Sore throat; Pulmonary abscess spit pus; Cell, a pain; Diarrhea abdominal pain; Urine retention of urine

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 3-10 g; Or the pill, powder. External use: right amount, burning ash at the end of the study apply.

【 note 】 long Yin deficiency syndromes do not taken, reversed flow of qi and coughing up blood.

1. Song Zhenheng: the virtual and anger rose is unfavorable.

2. "this through on the original" : Yin deficiency syndromes is unfavorable use, with its tong Yang frustrated also.

【 compound 】 (1) to treat lung carbuncle, cough and chest, cold pulse number, dry throat, not thirsty when the turbidity salivary so long spit pus like rice porridge: platycodon grandiflorum one or two, licorice two two. In two flavours, with three litres of water, boil a liter, points to suit warm, purulent blood also vomit. (synopsis of platycodon grandiflorum soup) (2) the cure phlegm syndromes asthma nasty uncertainty: platycodon grandiflorum a two and a half. Dao is scattered, with the boy half a liter of urine, Fried mixture, to the chamber temperature. (" dhi briefly the party ") (3) to treat throat bi and gas: the characteristics of the two. Three litres of water, boil a liter, take the meal. (the daughter) (4) to treat cold solid chest, no hot license: platycodon grandiflorum three points, one crotonic (peeled, heart, through the black, such as fat), fritillaria three points. On the three as the loose, white kimono, strongman Bi half money, this is reduced. Disease on the diaphragm will spit, and shall, under the diaphragm, into the hot cup of porridge more than, into the cold porridge a cup. White powder) (" treatise on febrile diseases ", which (5) to treat typhoid mass at the right hypochondrium, chest full of dying: platycodon grandiflorum and hovenia dulcis) (main, would be the one or two. File such as the big rice bean, half a litre of water, cook by half, to the chamber, two suits. (Sue Shen Liangfang hovenia dulcis soup) 6 YaGan smells rotten: platycodon grandiflorum, fennel, etc. Burning research apply. (" health easy JianFang ")

1. Each paper 】 【 "of materia medica" : zhu gong "the book of the living" chests are the new full of pain, with platycodon grandiflorum, bitter orange, take its tong lung was under the diaphragm gas; Cold compaction and chest, zhang zhongjing "treatise on febrile diseases", which with radix platycodi, fritillaria, croton, take its temperature, valley, broken product also; And cure pulmonary abscess salivary pus, with radix platycodi, radix glycyrrhizae, take its bitter XinQing lung, GanWen purging fire, purulent blood, internal leakage and make-up. Its cure sore throat shaoyin card 2, 3, also with radix platycodi, radix glycyrrhizae, take the bitter cold, gump PingChu hot, and use, can not also. Later renamed GanJie soup, treat throat breath all disease. Movable and herba schizonepetae, windproof, forsythia, hence the name like the soup, the test also. By the king of the ancient medical base YuanRong carried the quite detailed, cloud aphonia myrobalan, sound out and pinellia, gas on dried tangerine or orange peel, stripping plus rhizoma anemarrhenae, fritillaria, cough thirsty and five tastes, these add kudzuvine root, less gas and ginseng, ou pinellia, ginger, salivary purulent blood and phlegm, and lung impotent to add gelatin, XiongGe adverse to add orange, mind the new full and acid-insoluble ash, red eyes and gardenia, rhubarb, face is swollen with poria cocos, astragalus, the skin is very hair spot with wind, herba schizonepetae, plague rat poison and stick son, rhubarb, can not sleep and gardenia.

2. "huang shu" : platycodon grandiflorum, view all the main disease, should be hard GanPing, lukewarm, non-toxic. Typhoid evil "chest side, pain like a knife, Evil in medium, the abdomen is full and bowel faint, xin fu, bitter drainage and, then the evil and gas and, all CARDS from the back. Its main panic nervous gas, mist qi and blood deficiency, is now nov.17, fill the heart medicine, through the power of the ascended, thought the boat loaded with, this make job also. "Don't record" the five zang-organs intestines and stomach, blood gas, the cover is refers to the evil solution since and viscera intestines and stomach, and blood gas from birth also. Except the fever bi wind, temperature, flow under the throat sore throat, method of poison, all evil to detoxify through the valley of the work, valley, also in the sun be the spirit of the rise, make the medium without sinking sun be the spirit of long floating in the spleen, and valley food from extinction. ZhenQuan to under flow field, and to promote, lung heat heat evil reason also. Set the child used to except the evil monarch wen, pulmonary abscess abscess; As the ancient to the orifices except lung hot wind, clear leader, pharynx Ai XiongGe lag gas and pain, in addition to congestion, into the lung development and the work of reconciliation.

3. "Ben tong xuan" : platycodon grandiflorum, only into the lung, lung is given priority to the dirty gas, therefore, can make the gas drops, secular mud as the rise of agent cannot downward, loss of its use.

4. "Ben advocates the original" : platycodon grandiflorum, Yang side less pain, obstruction of the upper energizer, bowel, medium of the belly full of energy. Again surprised on the gas, fear of the gas, the nervous is moving, is characteristics of gas per medicine can treat also 3.

5. "Ben" pursuing: platycodon grandiflorum, according to the book both load will lead the upward, and can carry the following gas, the meaning of live? Cover edge of viscera XiongGe, this expensive, there is a cold evil block, qi, it lies in the lungs, or as adverse, sputum and see indicates palpitations congestion; In the Yang Ming, or wind hot muscle, and the saw tooth pain; Its in shaoyin trapped cold closed fire, then depression, and see the eye red throat sore throat certification; Long and depression in lung fire, see aphtha pulmonary abscess dry cough. Fire depression on coke, see XiongGe tingling; Lung fire yu e., the abdominal pain diarrhea, stomach bowel. Always are cold depression in lung, close the opening way, is not upward, turbidity due to not drop ear. Characteristics of lung qi in medicine, for the boat, carried the buoyancy, will lead a bitter drainage agent under the strict, as for the success of the highest points, and give clear vested rise, the polluted air from g is reduced, root and lower gas reasoning.

6. The medicine sign: platycodon grandiflorum, attending turbidity salivary swollen pus also, beside the remedy for a sore throat. Xiao yue: sore throat, can with liquorice decoction, less Chai and platycodon grandiflorum soup also. Is is the licorice, the urgent of slow their poison also, and muddy spit pus, Lord of licorice, so its not Chai, and platycodon grandiflorum. Therefore, a sore urgent platycodon grandiflorum soup, muddy spit pus more pus soup.

# 7. The chongqing essays: platycodon grandiflorum, open lung qi, yu xuan a better mousetrap, the upper energizer medicine also. Lung qi is open house gas flux, therefore also treat abdominal pain, under the ever people call drop is yi in its rise. However rose, after all, medicine, disease belong to the upper energizer and empirical medicine disease-free, and is also available; If the hardness in Yin deficiency and floating fire easily movable, namely when be cautious. The disease is found in the upper energizer, but from medicine, particularly the forbidden agent. Yesterday a person boats said, most people by mistake. Light, smell of medicine, are put on coke, loaded on the boat, have sleep much. Qualitative thick heavy taste of medicine, cure and hardness, above the line, more is meaningless. If not only lower disease is not available, namely the upper energizer disease, but also evil bi in lung, qi depression in the heart, and in Yang points is available in the beginning. Such as the throat phlegm syndromes, but cold closed is appropriate. Yin deficiency not only internal injuries for the drug, namely fire poison rise should be clear cut, is unavailable.

8. "this sutra: main chest pain like a knife, belly full, bowel faint, panic nervous.

9. "don't record" : the five zang-organs intestines and stomach, blood gas, in addition to the fever, wind bi, the temperature gets valley, cure throat sore throat.

10. The medicinal theory: under flow field, broken blood, pneumatosis, accumulation, saliva, sputum primary lung heat presses inverse, in addition to the stomach pain, evil in the Lord and pediatric 癎.

11. A compendium of material medica: set the son of all gas, stop cholera twitch, heart pain, five law, relating, in addition to evil monarch, tonify deficiency phlegm elimination, remove lump, nourishing blood abscess, internal leakage and throat polioplus partners.

12. "Ben yan yi" : pulmonary abscess.

13. "pearl capsule" : cure sore throat, and lungs, to treat nasal congestion.

14. Li Gao: XiongGe, (treated) gas indicates and throat pain, broken lag gas and block, (except) lung hot wind, clear leader, Leon.

15 "of materia medica" : the breath of sores, red eyes and sore.

16. "the traditional Chinese medicine form experience identification method" : lactation.

[from] the Chinese material medica