<

  Recently, the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the Central Propaganda Department and other 22 departments issued "on the strengthening of mental health services guidance" (hereinafter referred to as "guidance"). The paper includes the full understanding of the importance of strengthening mental health services, the overall requirements, vigorously develop various types of mental health services, strengthen mental health services for key populations, establish and improve mental health service system, strengthen mental health personnel, strengthen organizational leadership and job security 7 part of the content. In order to better publicize, implement and implement the "guidance", is related to the content of interpretation.
  First, fully understand the importance of strengthening mental health services
Mental health is a kind of perfect state of human being in the process of growth and development, cognitive rationality, emotional stability, proper behavior, interpersonal harmony, adapt to change. Mental health service is the use of psychological theory and methods to prevent or reduce all kinds of psychological and behavioral problems, promote mental health, improve the quality of life, including mental health education, psychological counseling, psychological treatment, psychological crisis intervention. From the perspective of affecting the people's well-being and social harmony, put forward to strengthen the importance of mental health services.
  National Health and Family Planning Commission led the development of "guidance", the main basis are: First, General Secretary Xi Jinping in 2016 National Health and Health Conference, to increase the basic research on mental health problems, mental health knowledge and psychological well- Work, standardize the development of psychological therapy, psychological counseling and other mental health services. Second, the "National Economic and Social Development, the thirteenth Five-Year Plan" clearly put forward to strengthen mental health services. Third, "Healthy China 2030" Plan "proposed to strengthen the mental health service system and standardized management. Fourth, all localities and departments in recent years has been in their respective jurisdictions or areas of mental health services to actively explore, have a certain basis for the work.
  Strengthening mental health services, currently facing many challenges. On the one hand, with the rapid economic and social development, China's mental and behavioral disorders and the number of common mental disorders increased year by year, mental health service needs. On the other hand, the lack of policy support and guidance, the existing mental health service system is not perfect, lack of service capacity, management capacity lag, imperfect policies and regulations.
  National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2016 in conjunction with the relevant departments to carry out a number of research, seminars, listen to relevant departments, mental health professional organizations and social organizations and psychology, psychiatry, sociology and expert advice and recommendations. In the six provinces and autonomous regions (autonomous regions and municipalities), the relevant departments, professional bodies and social organizations, experts from various fields on the basis of the formation of the "guidance" of the contents of the document recently issued to 22 departments around the name.
Second, the overall goal
  (A) on the guiding ideology. Mental health services related to all aspects of social life, involving all sectors of society and every member of society, with a wide range of social and universal. The document as the first to strengthen mental health services, macro guidance documents to strengthen the government and relevant departments of mental health services, from how to provide services, services, services, etc. to strengthen top-level design, proposed to strengthen government leadership, To improve the service network, to strengthen the construction of the talent team, to serve the key people, to cultivate the mental health consciousness, to meet the people's mental health service needs, and to form the guiding ideology of self-esteem self-confidence, rational peace and positive social mentality.
  (B) on the basic principles.
  First, consider the strengthening of mental health services, we must first spread and spread of mental health knowledge, to strengthen humanistic care and life education, put forward the "prevention first, people-oriented" principle.
  Second, the emphasis on mental health services depends on the party committee and government to promote the implementation of the government, but also units, families, individuals bear the corresponding responsibility, put forward the "party and government leadership and joint participation" principle.
  Third, we should take the experience of developed countries and regions into consideration, and focus on the long-term system construction of mental health service. At the same time, we should consider the actual situation of our country and put forward the principle of "basing on national conditions and gradual progress".
Fourth, in view of the diversity of mental health service needs and individual differences, and pay attention to the scientific nature of mental health services, proposed "classification guidance, standardize the development of" principle.
  (C) on the basic objectives. According to the demand of mental health service in our country and the actual working conditions of local and relevant departments, and considering the feasibility of achieving the goal, it is proposed that by 2020, mental health education and mental health promotion will be carried out in all trades and fields, and the mental health consciousness of the whole people will be improved obviously; By 2030, in line with national conditions of the mental health service system is basically sound, universal mental health literacy to enhance the phased target.
  Third, vigorously develop various types of mental health services
First of all, for the community mass, to carry out a comprehensive mental health promotion and education. First, through a variety of forms and platforms, a wide range of popular science propaganda of mental health, especially the creation, broadcast mental health education and public service advertising boutique. Second, the use of the masses loved the form of mental health knowledge into the masses of cultural life.   Third, the use of portals, WeChat, microblogging, mobile client platform, innovation and publicity. Fourth, requires all kinds of media to establish the correct guidance of public opinion, and create a healthy social psychological atmosphere. Fifth, advocate "everyone is their first responsibility for mental health" concept, guide the citizens to actively adjust emotional distress and psychological pressure.
Second, for psychological and behavioral problems and psychological disorders of the crowd, to provide psychological counseling and psychological treatment services. First, through the guidance and support of mental health professionals to help citizens improve their personality, to resolve psychological distress, prevention of psychological problems evolved into mental illness. The second is to promote public awareness of psychological and behavioral problems and mental health effects of mental illness, psychological abnormalities to actively seek professional psychological treatment. Third, by the medical institutions or professional mental health services for patients with mental illness to provide standardized treatment services.
  Third, for all kinds of emergencies in the psychological crisis in the crowd, do psychological crisis intervention and psychological assistance. In the event of an emergency, to carry out an orderly and efficient individual crisis intervention and group crisis management. In the process of rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the incident, the ongoing high-risk groups of psychological assistance services.
Fourth, strengthen the mental health services for key populations
  (1) the general population to carry out mental health services. For the occupational groups of high pressure, high burnout ratio of the status quo, requires all agencies, enterprises and other employers to develop and implement employee psychological assistance program for staff to provide health promotion, psychological assessment, education and training, counseling and other services. Provide psychological counseling and assistance for employees who are in a particular period, position, or special event.
  (2) comprehensively strengthen children's mental health education. Mental health status of children and adolescents will deeply affect their future personality development. Therefore, the documents require preschool education institutions, special education schools, primary and secondary schools, colleges and universities at all levels and various schools to strengthen mental health education, students positive and optimistic, healthy and progressive psychological quality. In addition, the students of suicide prevention, staying and mobile children's mental health services, suffered bullying and injury of children and adolescents psychological trauma intervention requirements.
  (3) concerned about the elderly, women, children and the mentally handicapped. The survey shows that the elderly, maternity and victims of sexual abuse, domestic violence of women, children left behind, the disabled is the focus of mental health services. The document requires all levels of government and relevant departments, especially the Office for Aging, Women's Federation, CDPF and grass-roots organizations to make full use of resources and advantages, through the training of part-time social workers and psychological workers, the introduction of social forces and other means, The elderly, women, children, people with disabilities and other key groups to provide psychological counseling, emotional ease, family relations adjustment, dispute mediation and other forms of mental health services.
  (4) special attention to mental health. People with disabilities, social support, social integration difficulties, and often suffer exclusion and discrimination, and easy to make people feel vulnerable to abuse, discrimination and other forms of social exclusion, discrimination and social exclusion. Resulting in psychological problems. The document calls for the improvement of the special population support system, the strengthening of humanistic care and psychological counseling to help them integrate into the society; the high degree of attention to their mental health, psychological crisis intervention to prevent and reduce the occurrence of extreme cases.
  (5) to strengthen the management of patients with severe mental disorders. Over the past decade, with the support of the relevant departments of the state, the departments of health and family planning, public security, civil affairs, civil affairs, people's organizations and the disabled people's federation have strengthened their cooperation and carried out a great deal of work in patient registration reports, rescue and rehabilitation services. , And achieved remarkable results. According to the National Mental Health Work Plan (2015-2020), we will provide multi-channel services such as daily discovery, registration, follow-up, risk assessment and medication guidance to improve the level of medical insurance and medical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation and effective convergence.
  Fifth, establish and improve the mental health service system
  Mental health services cover a wide range of industries and sectors. How to extend the mental health service to all aspects of society, all-round for all types of people to provide services, establish and improve the service system is essential. According to the idea of integrating the resources of various trades and industries and mobilizing the enthusiasm of all kinds of professional organizations, the document has made clear from the sound service network of all walks of life, grass-roots platform, nurturing social mental health service institutions, strengthening the service capacity of medical institutions. Frame design.
  (1) establish and improve various sectors of mental health service network. To do a good job of mental health services, to lay a cover the whole society of mental health service network. According to the document, all levels of government agencies, enterprises and other employers (mainly private institutions) rely on existing resources such as trade unions to set up mental health counseling rooms and carry out mental health services for occupational groups. Schools at all levels have established psychological counseling , To carry out psychological health education and psychological health promotion; public security, judicial administration and other key departments generally set up psychological service agencies, personnel and work within the system to carry out mental health services.
  (2) to build primary mental health service platform. Urban and rural community is the basic unit of social services, in urban and rural communities to establish mental health services, to build the overall service system is essential, can play the role of net bottom to promote the area residents mental health. The paper proposes that the city should be a community-based unit, and rural areas should be set up as a counseling room or a social studio based on the urban and rural community comprehensive service facilities or the comprehensive management center. Through the purchase of services to guide the form of social organizations, social workers, volunteers actively involved in mental health services.
  (3) to encourage the development of social mental health services. Over the past decade, under the guidance of the public's strong demand for mental health services, urban areas spontaneously formed a group of social psychological service agencies, in addition to mental health professional organizations outside an important social force. The paper proposes to actively support the development of specialized and standardized psychological counseling and counseling institutions, through the purchase of services in the form of support for mental health services for disadvantaged groups to provide public service. At the same time, the requirements of social psychological counseling services to increase service skills and ethics training.
  (4) to strengthen the mental health services in medical institutions. Health institutions at all levels is the backbone of the norms to carry out mental health services. As of the end of 2015, the country has psychiatric practice (assistant) doctors 27700 people, psychotherapists only 5,000 people, compared with the economic level of the country there is still a big gap. Psychiatrists are mainly engaged in psychiatric services, while for the general population and psychological and behavioral problems of people to carry out mental health promotion, psychological counseling and treatment work less. Psychotherapists are mainly distributed in the mental health professional organizations, mainly for patients with mental disorders and mental and behavioral problems of the crowd.
  For the mental health service personnel in medical institutions, service capacity is weak and other issues, the document requires mental health professional institutions, general hospitals, primary health care institutions to improve mental health services, universal psychological counseling, treatment technology in clinical diagnosis and treatment applications. First, the mental health professional institutions to give full play to lead the role model for all types of clinical departments of medical personnel to carry out mental health knowledge and skills training, the establishment of multidisciplinary psychological and physical disease contact consultation system. Second, maternal and child health institutions for women and children to provide mental health counseling and guidance, mental disease screening and referral services. Third, primary health care institutions and general practitioners to vigorously carry out mental health advocacy and service work to explore the community residents psychological assessment, psychological counseling services. Four is to give full play to the role of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine hospital to strengthen the relevant departments and personnel training, promote the development of Chinese medicine psychology.
  Sixth, strengthen the mental health talent team construction
  The paper not only refers to the training model of diploma-based education of the mental health professionals in developed countries, but also considers the weak foundation of the cultivation of professional talents, combines the long-term goals and short-term goals, and puts forward the mental health service personnel Construction of the institutional design.
  (A) to strengthen the training of mental health professionals. Reference to the experience of developed countries, requires increased professional personnel training, improve clinical and counseling psychology, applied psychology and other related disciplines, to encourage qualified colleges and universities to set up clinical and consulting psychology related professional, build a group of practice Teaching base, and the establishment of practice supervision system, and gradually form a mental health professionals education, post-graduation education, continuing education combined training system.
  (B) to promote mental health and orderly development of talent. China's mental health service team should include psychiatrists, nurses, psychotherapists, psychological counselors, vocational rehabilitation division, medical social workers. In order to strengthen the standard and orderly development of mental health personnel, the departments of health and family planning should strengthen the construction of professional personnel training and use, encourage medical institutions to introduce clinical and counseling psychology, social work professionals. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shall continue to be responsible for the professional qualification of psychological counselors and strengthen standardized management, further improve the national occupational standards of psychological counselors, strengthen the management of training institutions, improve the appraisal methods and strengthen the practical skills assessment. At the same time, require departments and trades to their mental health services and personnel to strengthen training, continuing education and standardize management.
  (C) improve the mental health service personnel incentive mechanism. In order to increase the attractiveness of mental health services, the relevant departments to improve the talent incentive mechanism, smooth career development channels, according to the characteristics of the industry to develop talent incentive and protection policies. Emphasis on the value of technical services to reflect the value of psychological services; help professionals to achieve self-growth and ability to enhance.

  (D) to play the role of mental health services industry organizations. Experience in developed countries shows that the regulation of mental health services by a legal constraint, the second industry organizations to regulate and guide. Considering that China's mental health service industry has just started, the paper proposes to set up a multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral national mental health service expert group under the guidance of the government department, establish industry technical standards and norms, establish a mental health service machine.