Chinese history

     The first chapter original Chinese human and their health activities

     China is one of the cradles of human origin, according to the existing archaeological material, human has 300 million years history. Some studies suggest that: "human is not from the natural environment is superior first developed regions,... a regional and unusually severe natural selection strength, become GuYuan prompted forest population differentiation and derived from the main cause of mankind. (ChenEnZhi: China and the south of human origin center says, 1985 prehistoric no.3). China Himalayas department is the earth's plates 1,800 years dating shift, collision and uplift and send the results of orogenic movement, the ecological environment is the upheaval may be generated to human condition. Hengduan mountains east of recent decades with wax constantly apes, west watts ape manasseh, proves that fossil find a region is one of the cradle of mankind.

    The ecological environment in the upheavals, severe natural selection strength from its origin, forcing humans began to future physical evolution,, must and natural unfolding arduous struggle. Including the struggle with disease and injury, human survival and health care needs, is one of the basic conditions of medical produce. It to medical researchers put forward, prehistoric human research is medical origins and medical history study never-to-be-evaded problem.

     The first quarter of Stone Age the earth around China cultural sites

     A, our paleolithic paleoanthropological fossils

     Chinese nation in the history of the hundreds of thousands of years experience period of primitive society. So far discovered in China paleoanthropological fossil site and archaeological culture, have the following kinds can be a representative:

     Yuanmou man. Representatives of the early type homo erectus. In 1965 YuanMouXian may in yunnan province near the village on the clam east of yuanmou basin foothills, found hillock belong to a little human left, at the age of two fossil medial incisors fossils. Later, by many excavations in yuanmou man fossils in the clay layer in brown, and found a stone, carbon crumbs and mammal fossils. About 170 million years ago that the ancestors of the Chinese nation, breeds already here. (HuChengZhi: "yunnan found fossilized teeth apes", in 1973, geological journals pxix)

     Constructers. In 1963 LanTianXian found in shaanxi province moonhawk, jaw bone fossils lam tin and cultural relics. Constructers genera pleistocene era, including east of nine rooms LanTianXian male WangLing and northwest of discharge lake city two points, the former nest Chen 78 ~ 800,000 years dating, the latter 50 ~ 60 million years dating 29 kilometers apart, except found that human fossil outside, still have the stone, animal fossils unearthed, carbon scraps. (Chinese academy of sciences and paleoanthropoids paleovertebrates of the shaanxi institute conference proceedings, lam tin freshman bounded site science press, 1965)

     From Beijing. Dating from about 40 ~ 50 million years, Beijing fossil 1921 ~ 1966 previous explore income, a total of six, skull skull pieces (including single surface bone) 14 pieces, mandibular 15 blocks, femoral seven sections, tibia 1 piece, humerus 3 pieces, clavicle 1 root, month bone a, scattered and attachment in the jaw teeth 153 star, and representative 43 individuals. Besides human fossil outside, still have a lot of stone, GuQi and Angle device with fire and the rich remains. (JiaLanPo: "Chinese simian and its culture", 833pp, 1964)

    DingCunRen. In 1953 XiangFen butyl village in shanxi area, have found paleolithic and animal fossils, 1954 and 1976 and two found that human fossil. Butyl village middle palaeolithic sites is China one of the typical remains. In the stone, 3 arris big tip shape is the most characteristic. Butyl village culture 15 ~ 10 years dating. (PeiWenZhong etc: "shanxi palaeolithic sites XiangFenXian butyl village excavation report, science press, 1959)

     Shedding. 1930 LongGuShan zhoukoudian in Beijing ShanDingDong found on the top of the Beijing sites, so name. Belong to China north China area upper paleolithic (human fossils, dating from about 18,000 years. Besides human fossil outside, still have perforation decorations and unearthed large mammal fossils, and found that Chinese heretofore know the earliest buried way. (JiaLanPo: "Chinese ancient residents on land", tianjin people's press, 1978)

      Our discovery of paleolithic man ruins, and the dam,, changyang county, the total of ziyang, paleoanthropology hetao fossil remains very rich.

    Second, neolithic cultural heritages in China

    Neolithic cultural sites, from all over the earth, Inner Mongolia to hainan island, from the shore of east China sea to Tibet plateau, there were found so far, in more than 6,000 total. Typically include:

     Yangshao culture. 1921 MianChiXian yangshao village in henan province first name, found that reason. Age for 5,000 years BC to 3000 BC. Its distribution of shanfen, los with xiang-cheng, such as tributary of the Yellow River in central collection for the center, more than 1000 were found in ruins. A: the key excavations in shaanxi BanPo, zhengzhou xian river village in more than ten. Yangshao culture of pottery with hand-made red pottery is given priority to, house sites found more than 400 place, architectural form crypt and ground have half builds, etc. Yangshao residents' main engaged in agriculture, fishing and hunting, acquisition and concurrently with early and mid generally thought for the prosperity of matriarchal society, late period of transition to the patriarchal clan commune began. (SuBingQi: "some problems about yangshao culture", journal of archaeology, 1965, pxix)

     Longshan culture. Referring to Yellow River valley, equivalent to late neolithic cultural heritages, also called by age specialist. In 1928 LongShanZhen city in shandong chapter grave county named first son cliff found. Longshan culture connotation is rich, mainly distributed in shandong province, the time for 2500 B.C. to 2000 BC; Henan, distribution in longshan culture in western region, and north eastern, development of the Chinese civilization in the early bronze culture, for 2600 BC to 2000 BC; Shaanxi longshan culture, distributed mainly in weihe river basin, and regional climate for 2300 BC to 2000 BC; Common is: mainly agricultural economy, stone tools, such as GuQi, pottery handicraft has developed to some extent, in some sites discovered bronze. Unveiled the prelude of bronze wen than. (Chinese academy of social sciences founding archaeological institute mochizuki, the archaeological discovery and research ", 41 ~ 125 pages, cultural relic press, 1984)

     In addition, gansu, qinghai region earth bay culture, horse, the home of shandong DaMenKou kiln culture culture, hubei, the big creek culture of the Yangtze river, the songze country culture, zhejiang NingShao liangzhu culture in the plain of hemudu culture, the western and eastern Inner Mongolia, yunnan and Tibet hongshan culture as the neolithic culture in China, which reflects the neolithic cultural relic universal and diversified.