Chinese history (series) (3)

The third quarter of primitive way of life evolution and medicine and health

One, to improve the using of the fire

The meaning of human life is a natural phenomenon, fire in human history of knowledge, control and mastery, experienced a long process.

Yuanmou, all found constructers sites and many carbon crumbs and powdered carbon grain, whether these relics with fire with artificial concerned. From Beijing site found a lot of use fire monuments. The cave site from go up to below thirteen layer, the fourth layer cultural accumulation has thick ash accumulation, the top is a dove don, west side a third layer below the boulders and limestone two pile of ashes. The fourth layer of ashes thick of six meters, ash also found the stone with fire, animal bones and tree seed that Beijing has learned, learned to save with fire already know cooked food, and fire. Anyhow, in paleolithic, late, humanity has mastered flame-lighting method. The friction Ethnological materials also provided us with biological example, hainan li, yunnan ximeng wa ethnic group, bitter astute clan, such as the jingpo, still kept the original friction, the son HanFei flame-lighting method ", the "and" chuang-tsz "ceremonies.from zhiguei, etc, the ancient books, also have about our ancestors invented the flame-lighting technology recorded. WenJia "containing" ritual, "said Xi zen oxen, fell down flame-lighting." fault wood The use of fire in medical health is very important, first, it improved the mankind to nature, "huai south son possess ability training" by Ben said: drill, can fill "phase flintlock gave insufficient", who is more important, the using of the fire, make food becomes possible. "Han fei zi · of five quer-civorus said:" the old world, MinShi fruit weight of clam XingSao stench, and clams, wounded stomach disease, have more, people, drill saints to turn XingSao flintlock make fire, and the people of the world, which he accepted the SuiRenShi ", no.

Second, living conditions to improve the relationship with human health

The primitive society early humans still won't build houses, with natural caves, and for shelter. This cave sites in Beijing are found, their common characteristics: the hole choice generally small, so as to avoid cold wind to invade and prevent beast intrusion; The direction of the choice facing south, because our winter has the strong wind, without considering the direction of the wind, it will be difficult to resist attacks against warm. The opening of the topography choice generally higher, request closed, hole, like this is advantageous to moistureproof without water, be helpful for health care.

The adverse promote primitive cave on the ground of caves, build shelter, produced a living in nests and cave.

Living in nests refers to the original human beings use trees and weeds on the crown of a primitive form on buildings, resemblance to the nest, so name. In China, according to the archaeological scholars, the Yangtze river and textual research on the south area, is the main distribution zone in the nest. "Han fei zi · five" ancient quer-civorus and people in the world, people all little brutes, have numerous beast bug snake, saint constitutive wood for the nest, to avoid the harm, and people of the world, which he accepted a nest, no yue's ". Living in nests, be helpful for safety and health, it can more effectively prevent beast attacks.

The neolithic age, China bedroom building progress, wellknown hemudu site dry column type building is typical. Sites with a rounded the unearthed, constructs fang mu, board, etc, more than 1,000, SunMao structure and concurrent existing ten-thousand-enterprise plywood. Dry column type building in development by a nest, preventing miasma, poisonous, moistureproof effect, is good for human health. (zhejiang museum: wellknown hemudu site first issue of the journal report ", explain, 1978 archaeological pxix)

Cave for the pioneers of the central area of the main original way, and a kind of living in May coexist and nest. The child · knee wen seal apiece XiaZhe next ":" sentence for nest, step-by-step grotto ", is the most said in low-lying area for living in nests, the terrain is keen for the location of the cave. Cave is mainly distributed in the Yellow River in the loess plateau ethnics-people. With the thorough, archaeological research in the Yangtze river and the pearl river basin, southwest and the northeast region of loess area there, had discovered the cave monuments, which indicates that the cave is a nationwide one way of living. Burrowing into deep into the land according to the hole depth and half cave two kinds, according to the structural types and divided into horizontal hole and vertical hole two kinds. In order to better moistureproof, ancestors and explores some methods, such as: first will indoor ground and wall clap real, the tiny soil with particles. Daub BanPo early cave site appeared in the dirt, improve reinforced by adding grass tensile properties and soil, water proofing property condensed force also improved. In yangshao culture construction sites, many ground have barbecue layer, or land surface, this a braise in soy sauce and be used in technical later walls and roof, barbecue tao is only when people can find the best moisture-proof measures, prevent the patient because of wet and cause.

Longshan culture period, ground type building as the main building form, by half caveman crypt type development to the ground building, make living condition improvement to prevent diseases, has a positive meaning. That has certain preventive primitive health knowledge.

Third, the marriage system progress and its health care significance

Initial human, forming YuanShiQun Rachel group and. YuanShiQun early, relationship mixed and disorderly, not yet the concept of marriage and family. With the acquisition, hunting the development of economy, labor process, according to the age of YuanShiQun division to appear constantly differentiation; As time passes, YuanShiQun development to compare the kinship family, fixed ZaHun stage children's poor health, also may be a factor generated blood family.

In kinship family executed inside, this kind of blood win endogamy of marriage in human history longest. Long-term too close, because consanguinity endogamy often makes offspring dysplasia, some dementia deaf, some die young. When people discover two different blood group than the offspring of men and women, family, the offspring development endogamy body strong, intelligence developed, rarely appears dementia deaf or deformity. Make people by doubt and shake the endogamy gradually, began to implement some limited internal marriage, blood family also gradually replaced by clan system.

Clan is strictly prohibited outside marriage system of internal intermarriage, a clan man is and another clan as husband and wife, the woman left within their mother clan parent knows only, do not know their father. Lu shi chun qiu ", in "the prince relies tabled, said:" yesterday swire taste of no gentleman yi, its people crowded group of place, altogether, no relatives know father, brother of husband and wife men and women without fluctuation pecking don way. Is this the marriage system reflected.

With the development of productive forces and the man's social status more and more high, social corresponding entered the patriarchal clan commune. Man with the social ladder, hope will property to his exact children, women marry into the men demand, which has the clans of the men marry women marry monogamy.

Marital shapes from blood win, general outside marriage to race, dual marriage until monogamous established, meanwhile each kind of marriage form, after a long time. The parents health, children's health to consider the constant improvement of the marriage system plays a certain role. "In summary, of the projects ceremonies.from based on predecessors' experience, stressed:" don't marry namesake "wife. Confucius also have "the ritual don't marry namesake" claim. The big DaiLi Ben life "the more pointed out:" don't marry a horrible diseases." "The men and women namesake, its living not Francisco" is already primitive society of marriage and the sciences MingYan evolution income, to late in weeks before qin followed by the already for people. Monogamy establishment, banned Cousins, the Chinese nation namesake marriage to flourish prosperity has a very important significance.

(serial, to be continued)