Chinese history (series) (4)

The fourth quarter production tools and medical apparatus

The earliest primitive used by production tools is the stone and GuQi, but this is from modern archaeological excavations have seen that might then have concerned, some remains played an important role is not necessarily the bamboo instruments can save today. Primitive tools; Impossible as special as offspring, is both production tools, life supplies, and also as a medical appliance to use.

A, stone and BianShi

The stone is the most important early human a production tools. Because of its rich resources, easy processing, hardness higher advantages, in from Stone Age to the Bronze Age production activities, always plays the role of underestimates. Archaeology, according to the progress of the processing method of degree is divided into paleolithic, stone and neolithic three stages, from material production origin-development very short, just to make a little some processing; To the neolithic, cut, grinding, drilling technology to produce gradually, the comparison is made stone, including delicate utensils production tools, life is with ornaments.

BianShi is a kind of stone, is primitive original human use medical tools, had sharp tip or frontal. Later on the sword, common medical needle etc is thus developed. It is mainly used to cut carbuncle swollen, platoon pus bloodletting, or to stimulate certain parts of the body to eliminate pain.

Recent studies suggest that some of the archaeological discoveries of ancient relics & BianShi recorded. Inner Mongolia duolun flag geodepression head way neolithic sites a root abraded stone unearthed needles; Zhengzhou, henan, the shang dynasty ruins the jade ring unearthed a small sword form machines etc. Is documented a strong indication, actually BianShi except in the Stone Age, followed by the thousands of applications in the crowd, years have been used.

Second, GuQi and its application in medical treatment

The original ancestors, while in using stone tools GuQi also relatively common, shedding site found delicate spicules. The widespread use of GuQi in the neolithic age. Unearthed in archaeological excavations in the bone products, life appliance held very large proportion, it is difficult for us to really what is used for medical care means. However, the spicules, bone cone, paring wait for possible also used in medical treatment activity. In making together than products easy, its sharp for medical treatment is also superior product adoprs electrocast refractories.through the possibility, too. The acupuncture, shallow later with a needle thorn of shape and Stone Age spicules are similar to humans. Shandong qufu temple in eastern han portrait, there is a picture of a magpie body heal diagram, the first 100 people holding up the medical instruments may well be the Bian needle.

Third, the original social artificially teratogenic technology

On the normal development process, certain parts of the body, the human skeleton of a normal form change human body, or to certain parts of the body to impose artificial damage, this is artificially teratogenic or artificially take shape resection. This kind of teratogenic, on the one hand, the damage to the human body is, on the one hand, is also a medical related technologies. The residents in the neolithic age about artificial tooth, skull pillow department deformity and mouth buccal including ball causes jaws deformation and three special customs. Artificial tooth is widely distributed in customs, shandong, jiangsu neolithic site found around most commonly. This custom was first discovered in DaMenKou culture in the early inhabitants. According to 31 individual skull observation, men in 7 cases of 11 cases already to pull at the upper second tooth and second tooth, women in 16 cases of 20 patients already pulled out at the upper second tooth and teeth, its second tooth is respectively 64% and 80% rate, the aged 12 to 13 years old and young period. Large blocks of customs with ruins tooth, "" the same" huai south son "training" by Ben: "catch, to yao... yao is YuChou Yi backlash that cut teeth, the wild"; Han shu YangXiongChuan ", and "authentic tooth for tooth and moab, facies"; The museum, "remember different vulgar volunteer southwest minorities" begat... i.e. long, is to pull the upper teeth every one, thought body ACTS the role of ". Our Taiwan indigenous neolithic age, such as the tombs have also found at the upper second tooth and pulling the upper third gear tooth or the customs at the third gear, continue to guangxu period. The new tang book · na referred to a biography, "more opposed to denote malignant malaria) dysentery (who cannot drink, medicine, ancient cut teeth" since. Because malignant malaria attack more closed, not reluctant to drink jaws, teeth can cut drug gets to medicine, have convenient certain positive role.

The skull's pillow department deformation is deliberate change of a kind of custom head shape in shandong DaMenKou culture of jiangsu province, the most common, early appear rate is higher than in late, and gender. Deformation of the pillow department, main areas relatively simple skull belonging to deformation of pincushion. As for this pillow department malformation, the precise meaning of further research, or about the aesthetic feeling with abnormal psychology.

Oral maxillofacial abnormal deformation also found in shandong province by and large blocks north king DaMenKou cultural sites, such as a small mouth buccal containing is mainly caused by the strange customs. According to big blocks of unearthed from area and the king with ball for 18 mouth with individual, including 15, TaoQiu 3 rob diameter of 15 ~ 20 millimeter, female, its age of larger 40 ~ 50 years old, the smallest only about 6 years old. Today, we still don't know the real motive, but perhaps attained some abnormal psychology related.

Nie tooth: is the new Stone Age has appeared in some dyes make tooth blackened a custom. "Huai south son repair service training," yue: "YaoLiXiao Keats charity, make people such as families, west taught WoMin, east to black teeth. Taiwan "wind has:" while "mountain gear, gear before to pull all the records, dyed black" yunnan cloth lang clan and the custom of affair tooth. Scholars have made "fluorination pretest-posttest silver", double ammonia progresses achieved effect (ZhouDaCheng: "Chinese oral medical exam. 1991, the people health press 24 to 25 pages).

The pillow tooth and skull of primitive society deformation are the special customs, if put aside their particular meaning, the technology and methods and the development of our country surgery is relationship.

(serial, to be continued)