chinese history (xia and shang dynasty era) (serial 11)

The third quarter on human body and understanding of the disease

One, for human understanding

Oracle is the earliest so far discovered the ancient texts, it contains available for study of human body, disease shells period of precious historical understanding.

Oracle contained a lot of pictographic, conference text, from the shape, the text can be seen on the shang dynasty has certain understanding human body. First, like people profile head shape; The outline of the ear, like ears; Item, like a man's eyes; The nose, like the human nose; Mouth, oral pictographic; From the mouth, tongue tongue as stretch shape; Gear teeth from my mouth, like exposed; Item, is in the back of the neck add instructions symbol indicating; Hand, hand profile form as. Humerus, in oracle in humeral ministry adds is instructed symbols. Body word is in the chest and abdomen add indicator. Hip, hip in people with instructions symbols. Sufficient word is like feet shape. Knee, in man's knee with instructions symbols. Toe words like toes form. Eyebrow is like long above his eye brows. In people is that the axillary word two alar add instructions symbol, and so on.

Oracle has organs, bone is connected or some physiological phenomenon's name. The heart of hearts, as a person, this is in the shape of oracle, found so far the only name of the internal organs.

The PanGeng "is dealer, ministers, including a statement dynasty" not sorrow I fill the heart togeher trapped "and" today for its apply such bosom renal bowel "that was also a language and the already know kidney, bowel and other internal organs, just at present not found in oracle.

Besides the pictographic, spinal column frame the pictographic. Blood sacrifice will be like in the words of blood vessel filled in. Urine, before adding water points, like the person the shape of urinary incontinence. Shit, man, like the person next count after du excrement shape. Tears, like the hardest job "cry, guo moruo of the ancient words when Ti.

Oracle has many reflect the words reproductive function. Pregnant, pregnancy, internal have said after a fetus. And left for bed form, for pregnant women, all the words right said pregnant women lie in bed and pub. Ho, is by hand delivery. And people's positive pictographic, yield elihu, and of the hands of the pictographic, etc. Milk, like women in to what needs to be done to feed babies in the mouth, baby nipple.

The JiaWen digging involving asked breeds is very much, basically we ask: whether pregnant, doppler when childbirth, and predict whether smooth, such as childbirth time yet.

Shang and zhou period people for human understanding, which is in a mainly through the intuitive external form, and has been in the table into, recognizing that some of the structure, internal organs by local knowledge begins and involving personal whole and physiological activities, reflects some of the phenomenon when it to anatomy and physiology of medical knowledge increasingly deepen.

Second, the understanding of disease

Oracle, common the following a glyph:

Such as bed, human pictographic pictographic, "sweat" or other liquid pictographic, the whole meaning is man lying in bed kubla khah dripping wet. A variety of frontal word that way.

Bones found in oracle bone name of disease and type quite a lot. Such as "observation", "frontal frontal first", "frontal ear", "from" and "frontal frontal mouth", "teeth", "frontal frontal tongue", "hand" and "frontal frontal cubits," "frontal tibial", "stop", "frontal frontal foot", "body", "frontal frontal abdomen", "a" and "frontal frontal hip", "frontal genu", "frontal bone" and "heart" 40 types epilepsy disease, is still in very general level. For example:

First: "JiaChen prevert epilepsy, fiona: a king." first, wu epilepsy Means: business with WangWuDing head disease, whether delay bound.

Fiona: frontal mesh: "the eye." king epilepsy (" close "165) WangWuDing not mean: traders eye disease?

Fiona: frontal ears: "good ear, a CDC?" Means: the ear is sick, whether sneaky harm?

"Expedient frontal tooth: a poor frontal tooth father" (" b "serie b 4626) meaning -- whether it was a tooth ailments father b evil.

Tongue: "JiaChen frontal GuZhen: oracle, frontal tongue, jia (have)" means: have bluetongue, whether for disaster. Chi shuo wen ": worm also. "Chi", in this be is a kind of evil person body worm.

It is worth noting the shang people still can according to patient signs and symptoms to the corresponding some characteristics, such as: "named frontal soft" "spin", the former like epilepsy weak for the whole human disease, spin, be like the righteous mind vertigo.

Oracle bones inscriptions we find not only carrying "epilepsy, and have teeth caries and recorded in the nasal polyps. "Caries" word as the oracle teeth bred worms pictographic.

Paper: armour nasal polyps attempts: "zhen, a poor, to delineate the epilepsy?" Carelessness is the meat, to delineate nose is disease? This is the world's first saw the nasal polyps carrying cases.

Special attention is compartmentalizes the armour should be in the "epidemic", reflect our country frontal the earliest record of infectious diseases.

"Yet in" be is frontal in epidemic diseases. Also reflects the knowledge was infectious disease, epidemic levels.

The western zhou dynasty is the business of disease after more than the shang understanding of the progress. Refer to zhouli more connecting season "account, spring, summer, autumn, winter there were respectively 痟 first, itching scabies, destiny cold, gas and cough disease. The Surgical disease also have swollen, dyke, gold, fold the more specific the abscess, classification.

(serial, to be continued)