Chinese history (xia and shang dynasty era) (serial 14)

The 6th wu and medicine relationship

    Wu, whether as a religion, a witch who engaged in teaching career in broad sense, or as a kind of culture, the complex is accompanied by the advance of history from barbarity and stepped into the civilized social threshold. In the xia, shang and western zhou dynasty, the Malaysian and medicine has comparative close relationship.

    A, shaman and professional

    Middle paleolithic age, the original wu teach consciousness, then began to form the lich has not professional. Business before their son cliff he (city), and may have some cultural knowledge, were men of letters.

     Shang period appeared on society many wizards, he (s) can speak, singing and dancing for ghosts, and also can heal disease, some participation in political affairs, discusses the guidance, planning the king's action. Wizard community further differentiation, appeared compared full-time shaman. The bones of WuMei "is a" for the female shaman. Pediatric disease Kaogongji (the clustering, big "township made witch doctor, a hundred medicine, for evil." CDC Reflects widespread in medicine confrontations. Wu teach concepts of serious existence and accumulates, is the important condition of survival medicine. So Rang deities, sacrifice WuFeng except disease prevalence of oracle, reflected in oracle bone.

    Shaman is a twofold identity. Can both traffic and the unity of ghosts, medicine, is more specific than general wizard in the medical character. Following the shaman cure, from the period of the bones have seen, in formally sorcery look, cause a kind of sorcery to patients have atmosphere, the comfort, moral support psychological effect, the real physical disease treatment, or borrow drugs, or take technical treatment. The dualism of the medicine for medical applications with (the) decision to hinder the development of medicine mixed merits.

     Second, involved BuShi diagnosis knowledge

     Divination in human history have widely existed, divination except for Rang outside sorcery, still use medication, moxibustion therapy, needle therapy, massage, massage, tooth, midwifery and with surgery, however, biomechanical reset all this was shrouded in witchcraft atmosphere.

    Yet a large amount of medical records is a reflection of the shang period historical data, a mirror of wu and medicine, also produced a ancient YiAn germination. Among them from wind sick to death of records, the whole process of the 176 days, although successively after treatment language is unknown, but have YiAn records of prototypes.

    Zhouyi diseases and health care involved in some theoretical thinking and understanding.

    "(the next) [gen uzza gen]. Gen its back not be their body, and do not the person, the court without blame." Is said to focus only on the back and don't protect body, namely know only local regardless, like a whole inhabited houses as useless.

    "The arrest, gen its toes. No exempt, the everlasting." cheer Is the most easily wounded, said toe but people are often thinks this is small trouble, don't pay much attention to it, so that the body is impossible to health.

    "Gen its lunar calendar, with their foe, not sural, its heart unpalatable." Is the lower limb muscle plump said people, but now he's not long flesh, the local reaction is likely to be sick, make the person heart unpleasant.

    "Gen unlimited, meters, Yin listed its complete, smoke, heart." It is said the thick waist round back healthy, but now, the thin waist stalking department may is a kind of disease, make popular feeling anxious.

    "The tiananmen incident, gen their body, no blame." Is said to protect, because this is a metal-studded vital organs in human body, protect well don't sick.

    Three, white witchcraft. The medical activities

    White witchcraft in mysterious from a subjective to the environment of the situation gets into the future, or take effective way to cure cancer, give a person with health. When BuShi magic is the most commonly used while witchcraft clinical activities. Besides, there are:

    1, the forbidden curse. Execute some witchcraft in before, to cooperate with language, such as mantra jujubes, the art of destiny for ways contrary with respect, but as ghosts with occult activity to imitate language, forbidden in specific spells of encouraging cultural context, the courage, confidence and growth patients may have certain effect.

    2, wish offering. Is expected to be emperor, ancestors and gods protection, have certain mental function, shiji load: "early youth into disease, zhou is the king Jian its flea (since the claws), sink in the river, in order to wish god... into Chou king disease is."

    3, wish by. It is the language as main means supplemented by some ritual of witchcraft, eliminate pathogenic factors, the pure become plain question of qi theory "move, said:" the smell of more than the heal, only its pure variable gas, can move by just wishing." Known by cure witchcraft wishing, did the ancient existing patients want to pass with the performer and make by wishing said disease and relieve, has the disease of certain ingredients psychological treatment.

    4, yu steps. Legend dayu I often host sacrifice and divination activities. "The forbidden by the" forbidden swollen method in said: "5 denier approach yu footwork, holding your breath is solid, if cure is to this, and a hot iron hand made, righteousness to previous disease as snow, hand the disease (place). And that treat scattered in the patient angry, often a bloated, if the patient's head to make do not leave a little is hurtful, when more cure." tomorrow The use of about yu steps, there are three, seventh, ninth steps recorded difference, and the method combined with breath. Yu steps method is gradually formed, but with the same period of xia, shang, the inheritance is not divided.

     5, Fu except, exorcism dance and peach 茢. These all belong to behavior witchcraft, zhouli witch "palm, age." throughout bath pulling This bath, clean body, in witchcraft idea, and think can be destroyed except diseases, particularly plagues the peach blossom water washing by spring woman named the unclean, scale, the purpose of [wash for spirits for birth.

    Exorcism dance wind, in the zhou dynasty quite hold in December, big nuo is expelled the ghosts of before a hex activities, to dispel ghosts, so QuNuo play nuo, or name.

    Peach is 茢 with shao (reed spent), the peach wooden handle broom to think it has driven the devil evil and epidemic role.

     6, BuShi measuring disease. The spirit in the diagnosis of attempts to pregnancy and birth of way reasoning. The book of change about "the jump, the disease." not medicine pregnant "The disease, make Chuan loss hei, no blame." Is all to the medical practice experience summary.

    Fourth, with the trend of the rheological medical wizard

    Wu is human prehistoric history developed to a certain stage, wu produce only arise after the human medicine, was the experience of absorbing and inheritance shall be to compare variation, the medical experience and simple plain clothed with a layer of knowledge in medical history rhythms, formed a medical wu mixing hybrid stage. Xia, shang is in this phase of the heyday.

     With the rise of China ancient farming civilization, people are making a humanized environment at the same time, the world gradually break apotheosis, showing the person's value, continuously diluted the faith in god. To the zhou dynasty, especially weekend, wu, the trend of the existing medical ebb contrast, medical knowledge and experience gradually began to co-exist in the medical profession wizard bank shunt, according to own rules out the forward development, but the flow of wu and healing the obvious differences. Cultural value orientation of watershed, medical wizard become the orientation is scientific pharmaceutical civilization and elite culture, wu is basically steering nether culture and mysticism.

    Review shaman in Chinese medicine in the history of the function and position, should be pointed out that in the different historical period it is not the same role. In wu as historical development of the birth and development of new things, shaman as early in the summary of a knowledge accumulation of knowledge by medicine, its function should give full of affirmation. However, the development of medicine to using the historical materialism explore the etiology and treatment of diseases, shaman is in the stage of maintaining its idealist etiology, treatment with the development of medical science, which appeared confrontation is no longer promote power, but into negative hinder forces, this progress at about the western zhou dynasty replaced the not. A fierce debate and eventually break in spring and autumn and warring states period.

(serial, to be continued)