Chinese history (spring and autumn and warring states period) (serial 21)

Section 7 medical writings

A book of all things, Jane

"Everything" is in 1977 in anhui fuyang double ancient pile of the second generation ye XiaHou unearthed focal tomb hou Yin is one of the ancient han (ministry of culture research fuyang area, anhui province, fuyang museum of bamboo finishing group: fuyang, the cultural relic of the things of bamboo, (4) : 36,1988). He XiaHou YuHanWen emperor focal before 15 ($165 BC), so the things in the bamboo slips of the western han dynasty, the codex, according to appear the bamboo "operators'", "from" the spring and autumn period to some places ", textual research of the things written era, may be the warring states early spring and autumn period (or HuPingSheng, HanZiJiang: "everything" said, the cultural relic, slightly (4) : 48,1988). Bamboo slips in "early damage is serious, the miscellaneous party" name. HuPingSheng, etc according to W001 after, bamboo: "......, not smell also; all this, must the yin-yang also; ezer, cannot not know also "JianWen and called" everything ". "Everything" residual Jane total of 133 supported, about 1100 word, the longest about a career-high 21.6 centimeters, more than 30 words, the rest contained accident is differ, ranging from words amount. Remember a thing, a narrative, two sentences, read in between separated, a Jane ink dot write two or three sentences a plus.

"Everything" BenCaoXue achievement: "everything" classes of drugs, preliminary statistics for 71 species, including: jade department five, grass department 23 kinds of 5 kinds, wood department, ministry of 11, poultry beast part of 4 kinds of fish, fruit of 11 kinds of four, four MiGu department, food department four. In addition, there are "mo steal" and "rat enjoy", "hit", "stone DaiKao gua", etc. Analyzed the records of all things, most drugs for daily life can get stuff, this is one of the early development stage drug characteristics. From "shu pepper", it can speculate that this early in the warring states period between the spring and autumn period, or all communication is the drug already exists.

"Everything" account drug treatment for diseases, preliminary statistics sick 31 species, including some "Hui" individual disease remains to be proven. These diseases, including inside, outside, the five senses, vaious immunity-lower disease nerve, etc. "Everything" accounts of disease and syndrome, such as cold or perturbed, heartache, gas Yu, abscesses, fistula, Cuo, folding, paralysis, carbuncle, ears, and confused, sleep, dreaming og, insomnia, forgetfulness, etc, are spread in later generations, and some are still widely used today.

"Everything" account drug function, there are a lot BenCaoXue conform with later not only, and still in the clinical medical treatment was used. "Everything" on drug collection, almost no records. But processing, has a "processing recorded cook," "baked", as well as several original method. On the drug charmed and taboo records also extremely brief, only one and charmed or taboo about such: "take a good empress uriah beak is also". Uzziah, namely monkshood, beak toxic. Because of using appropriate processing methods, can reduce monkshood toxicity. So although not exact but initial speculation for take feed monkshood.

Analysis of the various aspects of the material, the sense of all things should be earlier than 52 square, "everything" disease of Chinese materia medica unearthed, fill a history and medical history between the warring states period to the early spring and autumn period, provides very precious blank of literature.

Second, unearthed remedies for miu

1972 to early in 1974, archaeological workers successively in changsha city of eastern han, the two and three were excavated. Classics textual research, including the western han MuZhu is no.1 in the HouLiCang changsha countries countries Zimbabwe wife, whose name was chasing; 2 of the tomb of the MuZhu namely verdant oneself; 3 of the tomb of the MuZhu verdant son is. In this group of tombs excavated a large number of rare, the literature material, including many have weakened medical literature.

Miu excavated in no.3 han, ancient books copied on the foot arm 11 pulse moxibustion via ", "Yin and Yang of eleven veins by meridan, the pulse method mail this", "Yin", the pulse die hou 52 square ", "but illness feed gas" and "the valley of the Yin and Yang of eleven pulse jiu, the guidance graph the party" and "regimen square", "miscellaneous cure square" and "births book, etc. Eleven kinds, because the more than eleven veins in the sutra meridan Yin and Yang are a, b two book, text basic same, can calculate one kind, so actually is ten. Miu unearthed han bamboo MuJian no.3 200 cigarettes yet. Are all the ten books, divided into fits of Yin and Yang, the ask "and" miscellaneous forbidden square ", "the world to talk on the four ways of more than MuJian copied and booking, totaling for 14 kinds of books. These are the generations of ancient books are lost.

1, two ancient pulse moxibustion via

The excavated at mawangdui by eleven pulse moxibustion full arm (hereinafter referred to as the foot arm ") and the Yin and Yang of pulse moxibustion eleven by the party a and b (hereinafter referred to as the "yin-yang"), this paper discusses the human 31 do towards and resolutely meridians that authority disease. This is our country now find the earliest of the doctrine of meridians. This documentary Judging from the publication, in both feet by, the pulse of the most simple and unsophisticated, arm of Yin and Yang is later, but the spirit of barnado than two meridians pulse, by all night sticks, we may say, two by is the pulse jiu, the spirit of ZuBen barnado meridians. Its main basis is:

First, by only two pulse moxibustion recorded a body 31 and the spirit, meridians, atlas, less than the meridians "a hand jue Yin meridians. The twelve meridians nei jing, is in the meridians copied 31 developed on the basis of.

Second, the follow up in meridian, walk described neijing, and followed the twelve meridians mutual connection to very regular do; And each contained in the 31 meridians copied, follow line toward only cohesive lay particular stress on some parts.

Third, in two by pulse moxibustion in various, don't see what is inevitable and viscera and meridians, even if there are occasional contact contact, also erratic to follow.

Fourth, two of the pulse moxibustion of meridians is not unified naming, some named relatively primitive.

2, the illness square "copied 52

The illness square "copied, 52, has more than 10,000 words existing problem, each question 52 points in the treatment of disease is a method, little criterion party, second side, much more than 20 square is. Existing 283, total cure drug 247 species, books of the problems mentioned, there are 103 months for including inside and outside, women, son, facial features vaious immunity-lower disease. The treatment of internal disease proportion in the book is not big, but from a reflects the level of internal disease treatment. As the book Long "of" the treatment, prescription that gonorrhea reasonable, and mostly for clinical used today. Especially blood rain, rain, stone anointed drench, woman drench cent card treatment could be the right gonorrhea on syndrome differentiation and treatment the prototype. The proportion with surgical disease is the largest, also the most obvious. The book in the treatment of this disease when examined, preliminary already using the principle of differential treatment, the prescription of cutting, pay attention to subtract cultured bluff drug use. For example: "have no opinion (CSP) ill, examined Lian), Xian (white), besides (yellow happy (Que cascc medicine), guangxi, ginger, pepper, zhu (she) Yu (Yu), every seven things. Bone examined distributed (Lian sign (white) times), (meat) distributed (last) (times) yellow cascc), kidney besides (distributed (last) times the peony, the others each. And with three refers to a big most (pinch) a in your arms wine, drink, 56,......."

That is, generally with BaiLian, examined disease yellow over sixty years of age, peony, guangxi, ginger, bell pepper, such as general ZhuYu seven flavor, but for drugs must be paid attention to while dialectical, different symptoms, the weight of each medication. There is difference also

The illness in 52 of the party when this treatment, except hemorrhoids using various kinds of drug therapy outside, still record the wonderful surgical therapy.

Other ZaiZhi method which varied, in addition to the internal and outside, still a large number of herb tea mainly outside of therapies, such as apply stick method, smoked or steam smoked method, iron law, Bian method, moxibustion, massage therapy, Angle method (cupping therapeutics), etc. Treatment means diversity, also was one of the symbols of medical level.

3, "but feed gas" and "the valley of guided drawing"

The fed has copied the valley ever found gas "is the earliest qigong guidance monographs. The fed has copied the valley of a long, gas original space nearly 500 words, pity for the damaged who practiced extortion, now more than 270 identifiable only words. But from the existing residual of the valley, feed gas main account, we can see that it is guiding the methods and dredging the appropriate avoid wisenews feed gas. This article think, according to ShuoWang dark and hour on the age of the morning and evening and different characteristics, exquisite dredging, try to breathe deep breathing, completes the deep breaths. Self-renewing

BoHua "guiding graphs", is our country the earliest extant medical gymnastics figure. After recovering this map by about 100 cm long, high about 50 centimeters. In this picture the seeker flowery colour chart depicts the 44 different age and gender in various guided action. They were listed into four rows, each row 11 people, people like high 9 ~ 12 cm. These characters form lifelike, posture, clothing is different, each one spiritual practice in vivid, staring. This 44 people's movements can be roughly divided into three categories: posture for breathing movement and a limbs and trunk for activities of movement, one for armed movement. Such as "bring deaf", namely to guide prevention deafness, "lead spleen disease", namely to guide prevention bi-complex certificate or abdominal pain. These are rare and precious material.

In BoHua "guiding drawing", and many of the surgical imitation animal movements guided. In order to move as a guiding bionic surgical this point, the influence is very big.

4, the main party raise copied "and" miscellaneous cure square "and" the book of births

The regimen square "copied damage is quite serious, estimates that the original book about 6,000 words, now only to save more than 3000 words. The book before the text in the original title, directory, 30 two, who edited passable identify 27, such as "old doesn't", "for feels ashamed," "benefit", "the disease most gedaliah (swollen)", "stem (light) body health", "except in beneficial gas", etc.

Judging from the book's contents, mainly includes two aspects: one kind is mainly used for boosting square, fitness, enhance stretchy vti, dark-haired yiqi beauty, etc. One kind is boosting sex function.

The book of the month in narrative fetal development state, once explicitly wrote: "march SuiXiao beginning in fat, fruit when the effect, presumably, without any definition (instrument), and turn the look of things. So the king, do not make zhu male adult Confucian, not Jurassic) (wood (mu) view (monkey), etc. Was this is the earliest paper for an unborn baby, think of eating and living, pregnant women and sentiment, thoughts of fetal development, and the quality of the formation of fetal sex, a direct impact on.

Three, jiangling ZhangGuShan medical Jane

The end of 1983, hubei province jingzhou to early 1984 in mining area museums JiangLingXian ZhangGuShan manufactory, M285 three west ham M249, early at the tomb, successively found in large quantities of bamboo. Among them with most, the bamboo slips unearthed manufactory over 1000 pieces, most storage in bamboo (box) inside, best-preserved imperial, the handwriting clear. In addition to law, military, mathematics and sent copies of documents such, besides the two books, entitled "the pulse book" and "guide book. According to ZhangGuShan groups for bamboo finishing the unearthed artifacts and burials form, LiPu manufactory bamboo objects in the calculation, the western han dynasty tombs for LvHou to wen emperor (about the second century B.C., the early middle), and han tomb no.3 in changsha miu Chinese emperor twelve years (in) the same 168 BC or slightly early.

1, "book of which also plays pulse

The veins of 2028 word book of about west ham in 65 pieces initial copied on bamboo slips, and its content can be divided into five parts. The first part of BingHou, since this in turn head to foot described the name of 67 kinds of diseases and brief symptoms, involving inside, outside, facial features, women, pediatric disease, including medical illness accounted for about 2/5, different from the disease present miu 52 square "focused on surgical disease; The second part of the content and miu remedies by eleven of Yin and Yang of pulse moxibustion a, b, and the two full conformity is held by the words more than a word, a b 388:22 this much, "Yin and Yang 122 word by" eleven pulse moxibustion in a large extent possible to recover. The third part content and the pulse death miu remedies of Yin and Yang, and the basic same syndrome, including a 69 words, said: "husband leave (flow) water not on corruption, with its move. Move is real four hits (limb) and virtual five Zang (dirty), completely the deficiency is the county do." Is the earliest known ancient book a "water" and "family atlas" analogy discusses the principle of human body movement positive health. Fourth part, this SiYan rhyme with human bone, muscle body, blood, veins, meat, gas and other six organizations or physiological function and its incidence for "pain" sickness characteristic; The fifth part content and copied the pulse law miu basic and same, and more than a word, thus 124 largely can compensate for lack of wen copied.

2, the guide book which also plays

The guide book 3235 word of western han dynasty, about two years LvHou in BC 186 copied on 113 MEDALS before, its content on bamboo slips consists of three parts. The first part is discussed, this paper points out four seasons way: "spring production (born), summer long, the autumn harvest, DongCang (hid), this word is" the PengZu in accordance with the order of the four seasons, then introduce each season's health preservation methods, this part of the basic spirit and the grain asked four gas adjustment, theory of "god is great, contained in the health, raise reap, raise long way of raising Tibetan same, i.e. health must follow nature's operation rule.

The second part of the paper and its role. Guide operation

In short, the guide book altogether load daoyin, remove the 110 and 101 species repeat. One of those of 85, used in surgical heal has 50 kinds of, only 16 of those. Function Visible, the early han using guide treatment before disease has accumulated a lot of experience, the lead before the early han book is a medical daoyin summary.

The guide book contained in the daoyin and BoHua "guiding drawing" miu compared, both style close, naming the principle is the same. But the guide book "guided contained species more. Content more rich, in addition to fold Yin, bear the painful knee, lead, lead deaf and lead of 5 overcame guided the same name (including three hundred different) outside, with art BoHua guided contained only the guide book number 2 / five or so, and individual action picture, it is difficult to reflect the static dynamic process, the more difficult the guiding thoughts of breathing, described in the book of main point, while leads can compensate for these disadvantages. In short, the guide book is found, as research before han dynasty daoyin providing precious material.

The third part of "a guide book of pathogenic factors, discussed of prevention and cure and health etc. Theory

Anyhow, ZhangGuShan medical Jane's found jiangling for Chinese medical research has important significance. For example, it to rewrite some of the earliest Chinese medical history records, for example, the lead book records temporomandibular joints dislocation reconstructive art and art, a knock tooth records of jin earlier scholar-officials four or five hundred years, etc. With the development of research, will more and more shows its important value.

Four, huangdi

Huangdi neijing, is referred to as "the emperor TuoMing servant guhya tw job, and Yu area,", ghost of book of higher medical. Huangdi barnado including the spirit "and the" meat asked "two parts, mane, were 81 articles over 800,000 said.

Huangdi's work time, yet remains to be seen. From its contents see, not one person temporary work, but generally believe that the main content is a reflection of the warring states period, basic medical theory level should be finalized no later than period of the warring states period. Of course, some contents and pre-six-dynasties possibly out of the hands of qin people.

Huangdi cite ancient medical record. "By", "on the", "KuiDu", "Yin", "odd constant", "the meridians" "colored", "mai jing", etc. In neijing that many previous handed down in the world.

Meridian and acupuncture, in the huangdineijing, occupies the subject status, inherited and developed from the foot arm 11 miu pulse moxibustion via ", "Yin and Yang 11 by", "the pulse moxibustion pulse method", "Yin" and ZhangGuShan pulse die hou han book, and even the veins of the meridian theory and such bian que who usually traveled everywhere in acupuncture treatment of experience, acupuncture treatment, not only on the silks Jane remedies for breakthrough and the illness of 52 square only take moxibustion level, but also far more than shi-ji bian que who usually traveled everywhere the biography records treatment experience more specific and system. In the huangdineijing, "spirit atlas" : meridians article by don't, the reinforcement, more complete and systematically expounds the meridian learn; "Spirit" : nine needle barnado twelve original, nine needle, discusses the theory article preparation of acupuncture equipment; The grain asked ": cavitation, gas mansion, bone empty, hydrothermal hole, etc, this paper discusses the lu feishu distribution; "Spirit" : nine needle barnado twelve original, evil guest, etc, this paper discusses the needle lu principle; The grain asked ": eight are gods, clutch really evil, etc, this paper discusses the lu diarrhoea method for acupuncture; The spirit of atlas and are subject to end and battery: lu, discusses the JinLi etc etc), and various acupuncture taboo acupuncture therapy of disease.

Yin yang-five elements theory is introduced, the earliest medical health and qin, miu is copied by the Yin and Yang of the eleven pulse moxibustion is the wicked to "ill with fire, WenMu sound is natural jing", also reported the contents of reflects the theory of the five elements, this text then loaded the spirit, atlas, the article "meridians pulse solution, plain question kyu-bo said:" while, and the wicked, what so-called divide with fire, WenMu notes, however, is the sun was reported with thin, fire and water phase enraged phase, it was evil, however. "also reported Explain Yin yang-five elements theory, has been introducing medical theory.

Huangdi order to early may in the warring states period for huangdi pulse book ", "bian que who usually traveled everywhere book of more than 20 pulse of spanish-language version. West ham LiuXin late father, liuxiang, book, by the beginning of LiZhuGuo etc school as huangdi 18 volumes. The early han han ban gu writes the medical record, these were still intact editions, and contained in the category ", han shu. At the end of the eastern han dynasty ZhangZhongJing writes miscellaneous diseases theory ", typhoid fever at the end of the HuangFuMi wei writes by party a and party b of acupuncture and moxibustion, and han shu eighteen volumes this "category in huangdi neijing editions namely has ceased to exist, not only is divided for the grain q", "nine volume" or "the needle, and the" two books have WangShi "and.

1, "spirit", also called "barnado nine volumes", "the needle via", "nine spirit", "nine market", etc. After the han to the long-term copy preach appear different names, Donald editions of the needle GuBen cited wang bing the sutra with the spirit GuBen liancheng editions of liancheng barnado editions that basic same, for a common ZuBen, but with the spirit 史崧 found southern barnado "(i.e. the existing spirit editions of atlas editions) has been mixed. History carries the northern song dynasty has offered by Korean filled afterward.not version of needle, today no book publication can be verified. To the spirit of southern early barnado "and" by various editions of needle are lost. Shaoxing 史崧 twenty-five (1,155), the home of the spirit of hidden barnado 81 article realigns nine volumes, expanded to 24 volumes, additional sound interpretation publication filled afterward.not version. So far, the spirit of atlas and basic finalize the design, replacing various editions, and repeatedly blackwell editions, circulates.

2, the grain asked, "in han dynasties, sui tang soul, each generation is different editions. For ZhangZhongJing, WangShuHe, sun simiao, WangDao in their writings as quoted. Main: (1) there JiLiang (between the 6th century) all the yuan up, is the earliest annotated annotated, but then one of the sixth volumes have been lost, actual only eight rolls. This editions has been Donald wang2 bing, song · Lin billion referenced to southern such after of extinction. (2) tang, wang bing annotated, Donald baoying reign (762), wang bing with all the yuan to dibon note "within annotated meal asked," will the seventh volume, already lost in seven article "big theory" add to the watershed, jia, northern outskirts to ping (1057 ~, a correction from books), Lin billion etc bureau in wang2 bing annotated is conducted on the basis of collating, called "heavy wide fill note yellow emperor grain asked," publication, and finalize the design of engraving.

Huangdi's, marking the into Chinese medicine theory by experience medical rise of medical new stage. Huangdi summarizes the warring states period, and medical breakthroughs before for the development of Chinese medicine after the warring states provide theoretical guidance. In the overall concept, view of contradiction, meridian science, visceral, etiology to learn, to learn and health and preventive medicine diagnosis and treatment principle and so on various aspects, laid a theoretical foundation for the traditional Chinese medicine, has a far-reaching impact on. Its famous ancient in theoretical and practical innovation and accomplishment, mostly and huangdi the origin relations between closely.

Huangdi's into, not only in China with the widely respected by the traditional, even in foreign influence also not undervalued. Countries such as Japan, north Korea was the listed in huangdi neijing, and some doctors required textbook content is still has been translated into Britain, France, Germany and other countries in the world, circulating in the text. In recent years some countries in Europe and America acupuncture group also put in huangdi neijing listed as reference books. Insert the required

(serial, to be continued)