Chinese history (han dynasty) (serial 30)

Section 8 of military medical

     The main characteristics of qin cavalry troop was high concentration of power, is a high degree of unity and the army. The army has the emperor qin dynasty security forces, Kyoto garrison troops, border watch troops and counties local forces four. > > > qin dynasty troops have steps, crossbows, cars, riding of points, and established wei. In han dynasty based on cavalry troop was making progress. The central army han army points and county countries creatures with two part, army officials (infantry), material (cavalry), car knight people (and the captains of the chariots) and LouChuan (sailors), in addition, also has its LouChuan material officer, the amphibious all can fight. The eastern han dynasty dynasty. Same with basically innovation

     Since the warring states period to the early han iron weapon, then gradually filled with iron tools and commodities, but most still saut bronze weapons. The qin long weapon was the warring states. But the iron soldiers more, to only common han dynasty with iron weapon, and development for steel soldiers. Have tried to 100 monarch, with a sharp edge, the han dynasty government officials responsible for less set is strictly prohibited weapon manufacture, folk possession and illicit build weapons.

      A, military sports training

      Han army reviewed and training attention to each year, all counties matriculating late-autumn investigator, big JiangWu large. Reviewed to shoot is given priority to, again add try other technologies, such as riding, multiplication, knife, spear etc, and sometimes with nearly JiaoLie, actual combat hunting forms of exercise. To gauge the training degree and residents of material force, peacetime to soldiers, military training to improve physical quality and operational capability soldiers for the purpose.

      (a), a game called cuju, angular hand touch, heartbeat

      Ancient football game called cuju (when the department of the warring states period), recreational activities, in qi folk, and chu, to countries such as western han dynasty is quite popular game called cuju development, one of the important means of military training. "Don't record of liuxiang said:" a game called cuju, soldiers. So the potential also practice warrior, has knowledge of the material also." Therefore, han shu category "will the game called cuju" attached to "soldiers 25 articles 13 home" class skills. In the early han is fewer, army general war game called cuju "with" the physical training, improve the soldiers, speed, endurance and response sensitivity etc, in order to adapt to the needs of war. When GongYuan JuCheng within the "complement" and "the three senior" a game called cuju, is south, north army practice and race game called cuju field. When the emperor game called cuju still as one of the military training project. Shi-ji guard generals Biao ride biographical "and" WeiQing medicaments, huo qu bing han ", are carrying han army marching in when camping in the Great Wall, food-deficit circumstances, "still wear domain (repair site) game called cuju", in addition, Angle worth (wrestler wrestling), hand wrestle (boxing skills), and other nongovernmental techniques and become the military training project. As Kennedy in hand because of workblanks investigator cardiac performance result is outstanding, and promoted a door the card shark (han shu workblanks gump biography).

     (2) bow bolts and QiShe

     Material of the infantry) training on hair sagittal primarily. Han law "is a sign of weakness ZhangShi" remember ", namely, the rehabilitation of material officer to foot step strong crossbows and open, knight training focuses on QiShe. Crossbow has become a main weapon of han dynasty, and secondly, is dao and spear, etc.

      In charge of various army is equipped with the coach and test method of officer - class shot fall shot, the frontier forces every autumn, to the frontier fortress "HouChangShi collectors" universal on a shoot law examination. Assessment method, according to records, each bamboo bergman discoveres the unearthed test-fired 12 arrow, target six arrows for qualified, unqualified punished; More than six arrows have the reward. General "grant fatigue", according to "labor day 15, and give money, total" give jenn-air or ascension.

      Second, BianFangJun medical facilities in han dynasty

     BianFangJun task of han dynasty for real edge, caocao, such as city in canal and was also attune, fight between. Wen emperor ChaoCuo had recommended when recruiting people's move, and set the medicine for frontier fortress to save diseases (see han shu "and" ChaoCuo preach, han kill "volume 59).

      According to the northwest expedition in 1931, chin, northwest near (four) PuChangHai (dunhuang, dunhuang county west in sunlight west 300 region found many relevant) MuJian and relics of medical. In these MuJian, had recorded as defensibly servants taxi stroke several people "in raising, several people" in sickness ". What team in forces, shuzu, suffering from what disease a service, what medicine; Or with the needle, or with moxibustion; The treatment results, or death or more, are well documented, and there was very detailed book "ill." In addition, there are "letter" (LuoZhenYu revealed medicine sank Jane, tenth, quicksand annotative volume 2 again and three-blade forty-fourth leaves) and "medicine" (filled best.i bergman discoveres the bamboo range, rolls, implements three bowls of cloud: "medicine" (86) range of four, five, six) residual pieces for repeated measures ChangFang medicine letter of shape, have placed the rope lines and place, which lutefisk is essential drugs marching filled. Han shu DouTian irrigation, HanChuan "once load:" filling body cuhk more than ten captains, fitness and only, so have a remedy that without death, "when troops have war save drugs. Have disease of chin beacons site statistics, health care providers, remember the attendance, and military personnel records "wounded and injured MuJian fold," thin "thin" department folding injury "days" (phoenix reign in A.D. 80) the inscription, and a vet. Above unearthed relics and the bamboo, proof in the han dynasty, the frontier defense forces in tuen mun, do have special over medicine exists and has slightly military hospital prototype has kept. But its specific organization, in how the prefects and mainland military implemented, whether also no records. History Only in han officer have records of the first century B.C., already buy palace guard, the medical WuZhi 81. Membership YuGuangLu temple, the likelihood is palm brought army medical officer. This kept border has been in the army for military, is not. The two countries that border and military area, or FangDe rush to each other in the different systems, and is equipped with the army surgeon. The "tightrope later as tang dynasty's" and the "in" tabor army in with this kind of military medical too.

      Third, the medical and transport wartime patients

      In battlefield in han dynasty transport with push-pull car chariot (employing) and cars. Han shu, LiLingChuan "load: day two years (han 1999), li ling BC YuJun shan-yu war with ChanYuBing kuaijishan, because the," ling and wars and led, south, is worth a few days in the valley, lien chan, residents of the wounds, three and sagittal carrying the chariot, 2 and the car, a "will hold soldiers fight." Its time and bergman discoveres the "discount unearthed wounds book written in very close," time.

      DuanYing, in eastern han linchpin of the north-west frontier for many years, the offense qiang organ-tissues willing charity, residents ailments. Hand personally giuliano province. On the edge for wrapped and more than ten years, Ru never lie with soldiers, one day, so all joy as TongGu armorial bearing." (the HouHanShu · DuanYing biography)

      Han army that has set more injured in medicine, has been wounded by the rescue, and determine the weight with chariot injuries from their casualties and car transport, or make its continue to battle, regrettable record fight to make it brief, the organization form and its implementation.

      Four, army of infectious diseases segregation

      Wartime infectious diseases have serious threat, army downsizing the attention for strategist therefore early. If JianWu eighteen years (A.D. 42 years) MaYuanZheng toe, at first into though thankfully wins, but to JianWu twenty years (A.D. 44 years), army collectors for malignant malaria epidemic disease (such as dysentery of infectious diseases) ten dead four or five, finally failed. JianWu twenty-four years, (A.D. 48), thus to start again five creek pretty (now crackdown in changde, Calvin state region minority), to next summer, uprising there was another big epidemic among hundreds of death, warrior, ma yuan for infection epidemic disease and died in military dysentery.

      The twentieth century, to 2 to troops already take isolation measures infectious diseases. The HuangFuGui HouHanShu · biography load: delay jubilee five years (162 A.D.), HuangFuGui card longyou (now gansu, xinjiang, qinghai region), for army of epidemics, death occurred three four, HuangFuGui ten patients will infectious diseases specified in temporary resettlement, make dormant temples with healthy residents, having patrol, isolation to medicine, equipment, although simple and crude, but history books for infectious diseases in the army explicitly specify the beginning of isolated hospital.

      Five, for cold defense

     Temporary designated ta-pa-ni and make dormant in isolation, and residents of health, give medicine personally tour. Equipment although humble, but history books for infectious diseases in the army explicitly specify the beginning of isolated hospital.

     Due to China's vast geography, north-south climate is different, so he had to first consider was marching of climate and geographical environment. Such as the emperor sent in to quell the northwest ZhaoChongGuo qiang, filling countries want to appease them, and in a letter to instruct its emperor wudi chosin reservoir. Its reason is: "the general will more than 20,000, not earlier and were against the autumn the aquatic animals, to feed their livestock feed, lu all winter, in the mountains, and hiding, general residents cold,......, ning favorable zai?" (han shu ZhaoChongGuo preach, ").

      Due to the expansion of emperor wudi, the central government to the territory of the frontier forces beyond the supply feel. Then take you on the policy, from caocao county, ShuoFang to buy in trans-euphrates 600,000 people shuzu caocao. In these tuen border region in northwest defensibly army, namely made up from the cold medicine, this XiChui MuJian can be found in the ruins. In LuoZhenYu sank Jane Ed (quicksand of 78 Jane has "... chills scattered five ", this Jane from PuChangHai, namely today for our four area, one of several cold zone. ZhaoChongGuo etc and the qiang, be in namely the combat zone, the Jane or namely stalemate at staying, "chariot defensibly scattered chills though don't know its drugs" today. But it may be composed a hot sexual medicine after service, can make person in from the cold cold temperature increased.

     Six, the injuries treatment

     Qin han times, the improvement of steel and iron weapon, gold and wartime common folding ulcers become damage. Hemostatic bandage method then develop further. Han dynasty commonly used for internal bleeding and rehmannia glutinosa succeeded broken bones, compendium of materia LiuBangCeng monograph "account HanGaoZu with" to put to fall mysticism zygote "injured and bleeding. The root of Chinese magnoliavine was ranked the king not line, recorded renewal break, ze LAN, elm, flat green 23 kinds of medicines. Used for internal or external, visible go at that time already achieved certain go achievement.

     The elixir "has been using drugs to function square square, named for their prescription purpose not limited to pain and bleeding KuiNong, born muscle dissipate convergent effect, developed to remove blood stasis governance later qi wounds theory. ZhangZhongJing based on this developed qi, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, the treatment of established rules, both symptomatic medication (hemostatic analgesic), and judge for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis) treatment (principle of formula.

     To sum up, dynasties military medical historical data about comparative messy, no system though recorded, but also very lack, but only on its documentary and underground unearthed relics to inspect, and still in the deep in that war, whether infectious disease treated in isolation, the physical injuries rescue record and surgical treatment and so on, all have certain system, and achieve high level, professional military medical in the army, a might have been compiled.