Chinese history (sui tan period) (serial 44)

The sixth chapter sui tan medical (A.D. 581-9.6 years)

The YangJian captured in BeiZhou 581 power and establish the sui dynasty, gaiyuan open huang, its capital changan, is for sui wendi.

Sui unification, strengthen the south-north economic and cultural links promoting the integration of various ethnic groups and economic and cultural development. Although sui regime for 38 years, but only some of the sui wendi founded of politics, economy, culture and technology aspects of the system, in the feudal dynasty after a far-reaching influence. Near the sui dynasty unified, the upper reign group decadent exposed gradually, land annexation intensifies, social contradictions deepening, especially yang-ti assembled another poor soldier redeem sasha, HengZhengBaoLian, GongHe forever fluctuating, overhaul McLoughlin, cruise for successive years, servants tax cool numerous, costly, to the domestic "corn, TianChou no-till blind more shortage", badly damaged the production and economic base, the people were forced to have to "pick bark leaves, or at the end of Gao for beaten, or boil the soil and the food is, but since all things in food," this squeals times place outbreak, fundamentally uprising shaking the sui dynasty regime. At this time, bureaucratic, landlords who took flight in succession, fruit, the peasant uprising in, I was born in 618 AD LiYuan scored the tianshui noble shut, abolishing revenue, chang, the founding emperor tang.

TangGaoZu LiYuan and taizong li shi-mm and their auxiliary minister, see political corruption and sui sui end FuWang, experience the regime to the peasant uprising enormous power, therefore, taizong repeatedly warned the Kings, and prince said: "boat so than people, water so than LiShu prince, and water are good servants, but bad masters. So he "to excessive provinces fee, she LianLi, make people, choose to spare, then food since not for stealing.

On ideology of the northern and southern dynasties, by the rapid development of Buddhism, by the tang dynasty into the heyday stage, torre TangGaoZu attached to ancestors, ouyang Lao zi li improved Taoism status and Confucianism is always is a ruler always respected state this. The development of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in medicine and medical also have an important impact on, many medical writings also can see Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, branded the era. Some medical ideology and buddhist medical experience, the theory of preserve one's health of Taoist who differ widely absorbs sui. About buddhist karma and Taoist ideas, such as uccaihsrava idealism of the days by liu zongyuan "and", said ", "feudal theory of Yin and Yang, and points out that the heaven and earth, such is the natural objects, and the negative karma, against the han yu's inability to exercise ending point, reward idealism of his" qi theory ", also enriched the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. In "days, liu yuxi, discusses the theory of" heaven, and puts forward the relationship with the people "heaven" photograph wins, and points out that the word of heaven said in all things, people born in the way for everything, nature and society exists difference, and interaction, effectively against the religious fatalism view of the world, be helpful for medical research in practice.

As the production and development, the social stability, the population is increasing. Eternal badge three years (652), a 3.8 million households across the country have increased nearly one million early too. Kaiyuan twenty-four years plan than ever 8018710, household more than doubling the early emblem.

Economic prosperity, and promote the development of the commodity trade, the ministry of foreign trade and also obvious development. The unity of tang dynasty, the silk road unblocked, this passage exchanges more frequent, changan is the starting point of road. Through this path, our country with central Asia, South Asia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, until Europe still keep in touch; Tang medium-term later, maritime trade also developed country, the government of tang dynasty began in guangzhou set "city with management department" proceeds of international trade, shipbuilding technology and the corresponding also have great progress. As astronomy progress, use the sun, moon and stars to determine the location of a sailing nautical technology also progress skilled astronomy, the more promoted the maritime career developed and sea route extension.

In this period, such as the traditional textile, mining and metallurgy, ceramics, papermaking handicraft skill have reached a new level. The papermaking manual has throughout the country. The jianyang printing in the sui, human civilization history was the invention of the landmark. Simple process, the jianyang printing, printing is convenient, inexpensive than ChuanChao superior, so was handwritten, popularizes quickly was mainly used for printing, printing buddhist figure of Buddha.

Printing was invented in domestic culture not only promoted the development of science, also successively introduced to xinluo, Japan, that central Asia and Europe, promote the spread of the world culture. Tang painting, calligraphy, sculpture, music has a high achievement, dunhuang mogao grottoes murals and sculpture grotto in the cave, tang grotto about half by buddhist stories, though other for major subject, but also save many reflect the content of social life in tang dynasty. Including reflect medicine and health murals, very precious. The tang dynasty has a great influence on later generations, calligraphy TCM scholars also much attention later in calligraphy, sun simiao calligraphy capability is quite deep, the ink is taken ChunXi secret ge renewal southern among which.

The tang dynasty has an important development history. Our country the first historiography comments works as the "shi", abound critical spirit, he proposes historian must have ability, studying, ideas, such as general three long for historians, also including maintains workers have a deep enlightenment.

Tang dynasty who brought Taoism as Anglican, many emperors keen on LianDan bait medicine, LianDan Taoist discrepancy palace, appeared many LianDan home and LianDan writings, many of which are relevant pharmaceutical and chemical knowledge and technology has quite mature. In addition also mastered the process of LianDan regulate carbon amount and combustion time to control temperature experience, know "XiongHuang close with sulfur yellow, XiaoShi, and dense (presumably" honey "word the mistakes of) burn will occur" flares up, "ShouMian and houses, and LianDan" phenomenon, from the chemical medicines in tang dynasty, widely used on medicine. Sun simiao in "daughter" account of fly mercury square frost party and "too a god of pure Dan", "tang herbal preparation of the dental filling agent and so on record, truly reflect the aspects of the situation.

Medicine, in the sui and tang dynasties time also get the comprehensive development. Economic and cultural prosperity, the progress of science and technology, the Chinese and foreign exchange frequent, and for medical attention sui rulers to medical development and progress to create a good opportunities and conditions.

The characteristics of the development of medicine, sui

A, sui and tang dynasties time especially tang dynasty, is China feudal society's heyday, medicinal culture also flowery fen present, medicine active thinking, internal and external communication frequent, appear unprecedented prosperous situation. Only in local areas or before being engaged in medical practice of medical personal experience with writings activity situation has been broken. Overall arrangement of medical achievement, absorb before contemporary physicians, the masses and from foreign and ethnic brothers, an effective agent in the experience summarizing new experience and on the basis of absorbing new achievements at home and abroad, for medical theory and practice at the higher level continue development has laid a new foundation.

Second, medicine academic and disease prevention and cure of research, trend of every kind of thorough, disease and every disease of pathology, etiology, ho clinical manifestation in deeper levels of understanding, treatment has increased the pertinence, stronger, and more effective.

Third, setting up the medical education, forming a complete medical education system, also note the academic and prevention medicine knowledge popularization, cultivate medical norms and successor talent, and promote the development of the cause of medical and health. Tang dynasty, from the central to local has formed a comparatively complete medical education system. Also absorb foreign students enrollment, thus greatly promote the overall level, medical education of later development of medical school type based role there. The government of tang dynasty presided over the "ode to revise and new fix materia cloth, make materia medica of the new era, and a new standard is school textbook. The sui dynasty had compiled all 2600 volumes, assorts square "Duo its to want 300 volumes, the tang dynasty has written to Ed," wide Jackie square ", "wide LiFang" etc, written for popularizing medicine knowledge to promote health career development had good effects.

Four, the unification of our country, the sino-foreign traffic of national culture developed, fusion, promoted the medicine knowledge of communication and transmission, and not just for many ethnic minorities in China and abroad, and to give inclusive medical knowledge inject new blood, motherland medicine such as tang dynasty princess wencheng, jincheng princess, bringing into Tibet of drug, etc, to present the formation and development of CangYiXue impact. Chinese and foreign medical exchange also has development, such as in the tang dynasty in the medical literature has obviously Indian medical effects, and Japan, at students of Chinese medicine in China, and, in the formation and development of medical also have no underestimate role.

(serial, to be continued)