Chinese history (sui tan period) (serial 49)

Second, surgical

Surgical to sui tan period has achieved great development, first in the country's medical management system, have the special Settings, surgery surgical with orthopedics, also already divided a variety of specialized works at the world, specialized subject may necessary than previous generations grow also has development. Surgical medical technology, operation level and theoretical exploration, etc were increased.

(a) the surgical specialized agency action: in setting and sui, belong to the cure too much department go range of orthopedics in this period was delimit massage families, about the medical department sores swollen division, namely treatment suppurative infection with the surgeon general for key content. In the medical department, according to the study Angle method should belong to the contents of the surgical treatment. Whether massage, sores, puffy Angle method, both orthopedics, surgery, accelerate the talent training institutions, simultaneously also is special the three specialist disease medical gage structure. In case of the injuries, earthquake injury etc, they must immediately was instructed to emergency and XunZhen.

(2) surgical monographs and professional surgery physicians: surgical and relevant specialized subject in the sui separately formed into families or relative independent college, to adapt to this previous generations surgical monographs significantly increased. According to history record bibliography, amounting to sui tan period see surgical sores swollen books have 15, nearly 60 volumes. Unfortunately these surgical books already lost more than sufficient, in part from its content and later with generation see large-scale comprehensive recipe books one spot.

For professional physicians with surgery, except for some of the authors of the GanJun books such as GanBo neat, through, and should be, the ShenTai overstepping languages, such as Lin that outside, the epa, the theory of "Hudson written im anastomosis, outline membrane of vascular ligation resection, though unknown, but caster its performance, and as an indelible for the land, intestinal caesarean AnJin hid the glare and servants on the abdomen, intestinal surgery on the" high abdominal wall suture medical "(" new tang book of AnJin hid, 116 volumes, 833pp point school-based, 1973), and as a medical" to the sword: opens its brain seam "surgery physicians; Chang simple "blade for JianZu cut bone marrow, eliminate the disease can dial" YiGong "; For more than ten FangGan name rabbit to a successful cleft lip short surgical repair of patients with the "fill lip sir"; A YangXuanLiang GeZhi back tumor swollen; And for KuaiLiang contrast of the physicians frontal tumor swollen, etc. Although the above is good at surgery physicians, as low social status and history, has not known unknown load in its penetration and concrete achievements, but by their works directory and some surgical reach level, is enough to represent China in the period of the development of general surgeons.

(3) suppurative infection to raise the level of diseases in diagnosis based on experience accumulation,, this period medical especially in this field surgical physicians has made remarkable achievement. Along with the understanding level enhancement, the diagnostic accuracy and treatment of efficient also greatly improved, for example:

Diabetes concurrent suppurative infection: to diabetes concurrent suppurative infection sun simiao discussed particularly exactly, when he emphasized the disease "often must worries have big carbuncle" and "be prepared in case of the" or medicine, meanwhile, he also further points out that: "all the XiaoKeBing, above, and shall not moxibustion thorn empress, moxibustion thorn is in NongShui not boil leak rested, hence to die YongJu, won thin. Also avoid accidentally somewhat." He asked the doctor, "be cautious be cautious."

The joint tuberculosis in sun simiao works disease: the surgical part of similar to the joint tuberculosis with bone examined bone disease such as the clinical symptoms and sigmoidal before is more accurately describe. He said that, with the big bone examined starwood joints; The more specific the maternal xi has proposed husband (hip, femoral position), a pediatric also back (lumbar, thoracic). Adult urgent authors advance pain, may not be moved... "On the leg, also explicitly tuberculosis, and under that have long sore carbuncle losing more than the last for deep in between, fibular tibial, xi ELou, born boils water cold aspic is not bad, he has also broken bone examined... quit the bone out to other department. Sun-style also evaluated district of compared to accurately describe that raise the level of the understanding of sun-style. Notable for Luo evaluated and scrofulous (reciprocal causation-the actual hapen) discussed the correct relationship for more than six.

Rabies prevention: sun simiao pointed out: "whoever late spring and early summer, how mad dog, will drown, hold rod commands little to prevent". If be wild dog bites, emphasizing "take hydrophobic sun-style except on fu after brain," outside, does not have a relapse more warned people not "if the initial boils, namely, the said the most awesome unrecoverable, large eddy is imminent, and died in next". He stressed that "100 days, 1 among those not que (prevention), party shall escape hard." This is for rabies incubation period of sun-style correctly. WangDao further develop the experience of sun-style demanding "see hydrophobic, namely urgent Suo to bite the blood, nasty spat." not wrong pharynx

(4) surgical and medical technology: China surgical development to tang dynasty is quite high, reached the technical level, the theory of "the pathogenic syndrome is true retained sui bowel anastomosis, outline membrane vascular ligation, outline membrane necrosis resection operation method and procedure, etc etc.

Im reanastomosis of the pathogenic syndrome: the "point out:" who JinChuang pain, can see... im at both ends of the first sequel to quickly. Like method, needle wisp of continuous heartbroken, then take chicken, besmear the interstate, don't make gas discharge, namely the push, and stressed the "within the bowel anastomosis postoperative" as inquiry rice porridge to drink more than 20 days, a food empress strong after slipping into, but can feed ear "(at) the $(nest syndrome the pathogenic square, rolls of" 21st, people's medical publishing house photocopy, 1955), in narrative what is "needle wisp of such as method", a detailed methods and steps of spoke: "every seam its beginning, each have freely, and to every Angle, the tongue, not quite seam, when times were also Yin and Yang, fluctuation inverse smoothly, urgent delay the opposite, Yin Yin Yang attached with Yang, the pulse, after make skin cou justified, but also complex often proverb, slightly line" (nest yuan square the theory of "the pathogenic syndrome, volumes 36, people's medical publishing house photocopy, 1955). From the above bowel anastomosis and other operation method, level, steps, see, indeed stitches etc suture has standardized continuous seam lawful, more scientific nursing and eating right management.

Outline membrane vascular ligation and necrosis outline membrane resection: in the nest yuan square works, described the traumatic outline the surgical treatment of membrane part necrosis. Notes: "......, stability and not vexed, breathing the same, but the sore on silk tie, when its blood, absolutely strands of night, but today, don't shut can cut its mouth, cream slightly guide ". From the text description of the contents and asked to see the syllabus of membrane, emphasizes the partial resection operation indications; With the steps in surgical therapy requires use first born silk thread ligation outline membrane trauma necrosis parts of its blood vessels "off" and then observe 24 hours, "but can cut."

Trauma in the wound eliminated principle: the foreign theory of "the pathogenic JinChuang injury syndrome of reinforced broken bones JianZu hou, the meat and bone golden edges don't JinChuang long not Chai syndromes and such articles, all clear stressed:" broken bone not to go, is the symptom such as purulent blood, whose "" must make JianZu out, but should be utterly, not except crushed bones, never close"; "Lack of blade for long without a bamboo thorn is not more", make boils. Not all foreign to understanding its within trauma for trauma long nonunion or the symptom such as purulent blood on the root, also established "when broken out" surgery, and points out that eliminated the therapeutic principles only thus can achieve "boils it is, the more" purposes.

JiJiuShu and medical technology: surgical JiJiuShu and medical technology in the sui and tang dynasties time still more progress than the previous generation, also has certain development. For example: sun simiao in dealing with traumatic scrotal tear, stressed testicular emerge within the "push, mulberry close to the seam. And as emergency pediatric mistakenly swallow needle or spur choking, creative proposed "to take the deer muscle stains of soft, big as close and entangles the projectile to line is, the reinforcement of the larynx, the swallow, slowly pushed the guide in indeed, stab muscle in a". And as enema and urethral catheterization, the direct disciple of sun-style there is much insight. He stressed that cook good medicine soup "optimum cold-temperate, with bamboo shrink (suck) take juice, make patient side lies, hand broke big hole (the anus) shot," youth when filling out evil things. In addition, in their writings sun-style also described the retention enema in critical condition, for the treatment of diarrhea, a Gan wet with bamboo within drugs blowing in anal about 10 centimeters; A blow with bamboo slips into anus Gan boils within medicine on the apply; And as the emergency treatment, urinary closed sun-style not only summarizes previous many use method of urethral stimulation, and stimulative micturition create invented the onion tube medical technology catheterization. He proposed that whoever urine for cell cytoplasm, not bowed to destruction, fluid impassability, pointed, inside the penis except each hole, deep three inches, micro mouth, cell bulging blow, soaking liquid jpmorgan chase, then, the"

(5) with nose begins tumor enucleation swollen as to whether it is a valid: the success of the surgery closely. In his book XueYongRuo tang astronomers record ", integrating different DiLiang male sex described, especially good medicine needle art, it... In a rich room son born when vegetation, nose begins, as big as a boxing stone, root Wendy compose nose, touchs ache moment... Male to lift up, namely because in subsequent made, but next needle inch advisory sick yue: needle gas has to disease place the? Patients GongChu needle of the mandible, appointed, and wart come vegetation. Although thought this different, people's awareness, but the narrative analyze its, the contents of the release of acupuncture anesthesia and surgery patients, basically be credible success.

(6) the important progress: skin, prevent skin disease sui tan period of both in theory and practice, greatly improved the main characteristics are: the disease increased, understanding the materials and pathogenesis Hudson made interpretation, but also presents fairly detailed classification; Treatment, protect skin yue surface addressing rich, skin disease prevention drug expansive obviously improve the prevention level.

1, skin disease first classification and the emergence of new problems: the syndrome of "the pathogenic 15 rolls, 15 door skin disease syndrome 309 involved, classify paper syndrome and pathogenesis. It expounds the equivalent of more than 130, modern medicine, breadth and depth of skin disease and almost unprecedented contains the most common skin disorders, also written in some rare disease. The first saw load are: disease, vitiligo psoriasis (similar to chronic eczema or psoriasis), brain wet (like in "the corner"), and the demon skin of head (alopecia areata), lick (early bald), balding snakes body (ichthyosis), cattle tinea (similar to limit bureau sex neurodermatitis), perturbation brought sores (neck neurodermatitis),... Etc dozens of. The first topic discussed the women, children, also common skin disorders of some systemic disease special whom skin, such as typhoid macula, performance and fever chi blister boils sores, scaly, fever blister WenBing lower sores, etc.

"Prepare urgent daughter YaoFang" and "the secret to this platform of the skin and cause many take the theory of" the pathogenic syndrome, said the main is abundant therapies. Sun simiao LunLie skin conditions over 140 minutes, its first whom 妬 disease are pure sores and old man common itchy skin disease, Yin next wet, hair early withered and skin Angle change etc.

2, causes the early diagnosis and treatment progress

Scabies: "" originally is human body mark of disease XiangXingZi, the ancient namely recorded pre-qin period. But just think that is a superficial itching sex skin disease just, "cubits square after he first appears" save "JieChong," said. The theory of "the pathogenic syndrome would" JieChong "and" scabies, points out that "that links are sick because" and, the worm "signs and symptoms are briefly described, given a truly. Only when Assyria in pediatric scabies more pointed out, "because the children who more than breasts, and the infectious disease scabies pediatric also." On the scale that has clearly understood. Infectious

Paint sores (paint dermatitis) : the theory of "the pathogenic syndrome first of all that paint the different types of sickness sores, first described lifelike, said:" people have temperament, but see terrible lacquer paint feces has been established its poison "and" also all the resistance, sexual since burn, did not harm "two completely different situation. Explain the disease and each one "being" different relevant. This is the body's immune status of each different simple understanding.

The infection and disease, wind (leprosy) : this period the disease still not unified, the name is heavy and complicated, but also classification comparison of early or late different symptoms. Is known to have "connect body already fall as and eyebrow must" and "bianben has bad and peremptory" shall be the difference between eyebrows, "in a dense limbs were not", "WanDun pointless" (numb spot), body bent, "body fluid is out" (not sweating), "that has been falling" and limbs fingers organs such as nasal column collapse damaged and various pour lesions are description (sun simiao performance for thousands of the YaoFang "volume 23 rush, (5, people's medical publishing house in 1955). To control the disease sui physicians with unremitting efforts. Sun simiao "taste more than 600 hand therapy is a very poor one, personally raised." Respected, becoming China's ancient art fine necessary model.

Three, sui tang of prevention and cure skin disease, and many methods rich innovation. Its characteristic is very attention ZhiWai governance in combination, medicine, needles, moxibustion therapy combined. Pills for food to union, and absorb foreign medical results. This kind of thought, is never conceived flextronics powerful catalysts. Sun simiao for its outstanding that representative. More than 140 sun-style discusses a skin disease, whilst about compound, single prescriptions, involving drugs 230 first 234, commonly used more than 20 acupoints, moxibustion multiple, USES the therapy of soup, dosage form scattered, pills, cream, paste, juice, wine, decoct, iron, sit guide, bath, foot, milk, smoked, boil scattered, bath bean, steamed smoked, pillow, porridge, 22 species such as mud.

4, protect skin surface medicine: the pleasant 52 disease square ", "cubits of a few load behind" has significant development, sui tang, especially in the most thorough and detailed sun-style propositions. Prevention of sun-style cannot tolerate skin care of beauty and clothing fragrant bath face medicine only in a few expensive private bean, they should win for the whole society service, after such drugs to popularize played a great role. The daughter of book, two square face medicine only more than 100 song is listed with hot irons, particularly, frozen iron therapy and inside charmed, etc. Use of skin and beauty qi-deficiency preventive medicine has 43 pleasant face first, the other for therapeutic elixir. Besides a hair conditioner and lipstick. In recent years, some experiment research, proof of sun-style cubic sent medicine scientific. Now many Chinese medicine cosmetology agent also absorbing his these fine results.

(8) accelerate the development

The sui and tang dynasties therapies have developed rapidly, the government of tang dynasty in cure too much attention to accelerate the education in the branch office medicine, will Angle method (cupping therapy) as a representative of the independent discipline therapies included to train a specialist. The secret to the stage of the two new needle recorded, namely "vapor Angle method cutem method and" acupuncture cutem method ", the daughter YaoFang in its sun simiao also first recorded the of topical treatment method of magnet, will complete deafness magnet into the sick trouble place, with weak magnetic fields burn magnets heaven on later generations to treat the problem, which had a great influence, tang and made a magnet basins, pillow of long-term use of health care equipment. In addition, the record JinYiFang "and" a thousand monograph compendium of materia of balneology are described, the sand of methods and indications and recorded in the therapist today learn listening basic and same, sand therapy is worth mentioning sui and tang dynasties, our country ancient mineral therapy spas started early, but before in scope and scale sui on or very limited. Sui and tang dynasties, the situation has been very different, ruling class cost, the government of tang dynasty mineral build lintong seismostation was set up specifically for the royal officials mineral management of its influence expand greatly, mineral spring therapy in ordinary people also have a certain degree of popularity. TangChen Tibetan wares monograph "in the compendium of materia medica had recorded the origin of mineral therapy, indications and give described.

(serial, to be continued)