Chinese history (sui tan period) (serial 52)

Seven, kouqiangke

Oral medicine both in oral health, understanding and treatment babbled disease at this stage there are great progress, and occur at this time some babbled monographs. According to the new tang book "recorded history books of 5 kinds of 8 volumes, but failed to be preserved. Fortunately, the theory of the pathogenic syndrome ", the daughter YaoFang ", "the secret" such as integrated platform, there are only known babbled disorders of the etiology and pathogenesis or treatment diagnose chapter.

(a) oral health care

Wipe tooth to keep clean, grunting at that time has gradually popular. The main methods "YangZhi wipe tooth law" and the finger wipe tooth method "two kinds, the place of the secret to Taiwan with" soft cotton per head toward bite, some take a medicine, incense and wiped tooth is bright and clean. "Finger is wiped tooth method of" labor dunhuang paintings of tang SAN figure "fork fights degree. As for JieYaJi, or for salt, or for drug powder. The daughter YaoFang" and "the secret to" in Taiwan have many wipe tooth square, many used powder qufeng, detoxification acetanilide, aromatic sepsis swelling work. Row

In addition, sui tang for food, drugs medical record in the appropriate avoid babbled care has been discussed. Wash the herbal supplements such as meng "point out:" arenaceous pond feed more is caustic teeth."

(2) the understanding of the disease babbled

1, sores (yan mouth) tone of the theory of "the pathogenic wait for describing their syndrome mouth sores, its two kiss born sores color white like the swallow kiss, reason and the name" yan mouth ", "humidity lousy have juice". Similar to today's deficiency.

2, sluggish conclusion, and the name of the mouth sores under the pathogenic yellow fat syndrome "point out children of more than YuYi spit saliary flow leaching sores yellow juice out, born, immersed fat lousy. This similar pediatric mouth weeks fungal infection.

3, tongue bleeding syndrome "theory of" the pathogenic syndrome "tongue bleeding carrying such as springs." The daughter YaoFang "by bleeding, i.e. the burning of the rule of law. The technology of advanced 1896 Rende's first reported the for foreign Hanes's 1909, named for the disease.

4, periodontal disease "of" the pathogenic syndrome have teeth quite weathering and tooth shake weathering and tooth leak commonly, describes gum inflammatory swelling and atrophy, excessive pus, and teeth and shake, etc. The secret to "on the stage of the more detailed description gum disease symptoms," gum virtual soft without the symptom such as purulent blood......., its gum touches the symptom such as purulent blood out. And that Gan, its mouth touch, natural gingiva not symptom such as purulent blood out." (WangDao outside Taiwan: the secret to "volume 22, people's medical publishing house photocopying, 1982), its mentioned gum virtual soft without the symptom such as purulent blood is early," to later gum disease is formed, periodontal bag, so the pus retention in touch. "is the symptom such as purulent blood Gan "mouth for periodontal pus burst of chronic stage after, so although cannot be and periodontal bag, from the symptom such as purulent blood also Toinac surname first mentioned. Foreign scallop excessive pus is a term in 1839. The secret to" on the outside Taiwan described plaque, this also is the common disease, and periodontal disease name as "food bed";" Or with tooth have yellow object, such as lousy bone form, called food bed. Whoever therapy, see have it first gear with pliers in accordance with the sword, and then omitting the application, not only describes gingiva, drain, and pointed to the plaque application under the plaque technology knife except clamp.

(3) speak ill treatment

1, temporomandibular joints dislocation reconstructive method. Ge hong "cubits square" after he has saved accounts, sun simiao inherit its method and growing perfection. Such as: "one person to hold its conclusion with finger, then gradually push into the complex right, push when disease, will point out that by mistake." meshes hurt refers to also (sun simiao: "prepare urgent daughter YaoFang", roll on 7 June, diseases. People's medical publishing house photocopying, 1982), "a thousand JinYiFang" puts forward more finger, prevent with bamboo protection to bite.

2, teeth plombage,, "new fix teeth with herbal" existing silver amalgam filling the anointed) : "silver foil with BaiXi and its method of coagulants and mercury synthesis, hard like silver, 29generations filling teeth fall out", currently used amalgam tooth filling the mercury, namely the silver, tin, copper, zinc with certain proportion made from. British Bell initially use amalgam is in 1819.

Eight, acupuncture

Sui and tang dynasties of acupuncture was more government agency in, such as tang cure too much already put the needle secco. More important is sui tang physicians actively engage in acupuncture disciplines of clinical practice, summarization and dedicated to enterprising, make this period of acupuncture in theory and practice are showed significant improvement.

(a) the development of the theory of speaking and acupuncture

The sui dynasty in its nest yuan party etiology and pathogenesis, explains more ground will meridian theory combined with visceral doctrine. Such as "lumbago not pitch," said Hudson "the kidneys waist, and three Yin SAN Yang twelve pulse, by eight penetration renal winding the strain on the waist ridge for kidney meridian, and dynamic injury, which for air-cooled emplacement side, therefore, flesh strike." back pain also

Sun simiao emphasizes the guiding role of acupuncture pulse, as he did in "the daughter of YaoFang pointed out in" every needle often must see arteries and veins, arteries and veins, arteries and veins under good but not disorderly needle under evil in the book "needle also pulse" roll "flat" three close in "Lord French with acupuncture is the pulse with demonstration.

HuangFuMi sui ZhenQuan following after medical Beijing of acupuncture, had set and pick on caities which act "MingTang humanoid figure", "the needle warp", "the needle square" etc., cherish have been lost. On the "by Yang good MingTang chi" sequence says: will the twelve meridians for a roll by eight veins, odd for a roll of, the whole complex for 13 volumes are arranged by meridian feishu do follow earlier documented. WangDao also acupuncture point yu, adopt the finishing point by the method of ec are all in twelve meridians feishu respectively, and points of the acupuncture point its location method, indications disease, and shows the number of sticks, total charge of zhuang 352 a meridian.

(2) acupuncture clinic

In acupuncture clinical aspects, sun simiao gen caities which act French Lord. "Name in, cavernous next, or a disease symptoms, or several dozens hole hole, is only a disease with temporary consider practice. This form is like acupuncture clinical manuals, easy to use. Sun-style and gen care moxibustion. He also found "is" point, o the clinical effect, its yue: "there is a law of o, speech, in which people have the indisposition on it, bitter knead in its place, ask caities which act as a quick and fast into sores, o, i.e., moxibustion thorn cloud is check-up", the direct disciple of sun-style method of the cavernous o is affected, clinical use later condemn caves, days, should be hole hole from evolved is o.

Sun simiao also gen used the same body inch method, "take the sick man left female middle finger for the first quarter, also have an inch of uncertainty, namely, the length of the thumb take first quarter hand with an inch and the level of news," and "means the first lady, by four refers to" (sun simiao "for lady for urgent daughter YaoFang" volume 29, P518, people's medical publishing house, 1955), this kind of method with body inches for the doctor to find and provides accurate location for simple measure method, the development of acupuncture.

Acupuncture treatment disease species, sui and tang dynasties time gradually expand, especially the daughter of the YaoFang thousands of JinYiFang, widely used in acupuncture treatment, clinical departments. The daughter of JiFang by secco points already described the basic of disease, acupuncture treatment more advantageous to healers who mastered and improve acupuncture therapeutic effect. Moxibustion treatment has been applied in many college disease, is for sui and tang dynasties time moxibustion characteristic. In addition to the above the bone steaming disease moxibustion square "SuJing outside, still have the beriberi moxibustion square", "the secret" jiu the platform, the daughter YaoFang a. tumefaciens method of the jiu, infantile moxibustion epilepsy method, every medicine is also diversified, such as guhuixiang between TingLi son jiu jiu, salt, bean drum moxibustion, manual twist moxibustion etc, fuel for the fire, and renowned ai tyre robinia fire, reflects the tang dynasty moxibustion therapy are booming.

(3) the physicians and his work longer than acupuncture

The sui tan longer than acupuncture except the above mentioned its already outside the person that there were famous for tang GaoZongZhi wind dazzle 100 will, brain households stabbed QinMingHe, and use the bleeding nose begins ZhuiYou acupuncture cure children born of DiRenJie etc. History record acupuncture literature has 16 species, about 24 volumes, have been lost with the tang, $4 for urgent moxibustion via the xinji "(China is the earliest known), the carving seals for FanZi surplus through two years (861 such salty) codex. The original hidden in dunhuang grottoes, at the end of BoXiHe stolen by guangxu emperor to France, have a, b this. In addition to carrying 15 kinds of disease method outside, still healing meridan posted the acupuncture taboo. According to research, dunhuang in ancient medical books of the acupuncture and moxibustion drawing "there six volumes with residual figure 18 picture and some residual rodman; "Jiu MingTang" a roll by, asshur 30/1/2007 personal forbidden moxibustion parts and acupuncture people caused by god harm; The man of god, "lingers in January 30 people god body parts; MingTang huangdi by "armour, second volume, has written a damaged, part of more than ten points stab moxibustion and parts, indications, etc.; The wu MingShi moxibustion ", "acupuncture festival" in addition, it writes on good huangdi Yang MingTang "Canon, and 13 volumes of the yellow emperor MingTang name into". BenRen and temple, old Tibetan 1143 years this (book examination paper, roll a hand-written) remaining ancient island learn by YuBaoSu combined bill, hidden hall. Between my surname Yang xing guangxu emperor won in Japan, hold to print.

(4) massage therapy rapid development

Sui and tang dynasties time massage therapy development is rapid, its characteristic is a junior college education, and began, while in more have a substantial massage content and application more widely.

According to "sui book" account, sui cure too much department of the two, dr offsets massage recorded sui tang six Canon "when doctors of 240, massage and into the massage, massage, massage dr born three levels, explain the sui dynasty not only to have the massage specialized subject, and a scale to be huge organizational structure and integrated education system of medical government official. Massage families in tang cure too much agency for four families although still in one of the department. But massage is reduced, only the number increased the sui dynasty have massage and this new level. Massage secco's function, the education of medical education quarter saw exam, etc.

Sui tang burial massage method can be roughly divided into health guiding, days pen countries massage, Lao tze massage and trauma massage, the anointed method, etc. In the theory of "the pathogenic syndrome in a more health news, through self guidance law, achieve health illnesses guided extend purposes. "Beriberi syndrome" : slow weak guidance law: "comfortable living from two feet, come loose gas springs of water, can tee to repeal, gas, beginning to collect had foot flexor volumes, hold your hands urgent catch feet, change of foot step springs of water in hand...... to kidney air conditioners, knee cold feet ached also". Tianzhu kingdom massage and Lao tze massage for all in the YaoFang daughter. "rush The former is the brahmans with Buddhism in India, total 18 type method, and the latter is of Taoism, health massage law, 49 type. In the treatment of sui and tang dynasties began in the fall and operation injury massage art. Application Such as the theory of "roll the pathogenic syndrome" wrist injury predisposing 36 in "early syndrome pointed out," good predisposing to massage guidance, today its flesh after "is" tang six Canon "is clearly emphasize if encounter" damage the mount is folding fall, and the reason the "broken party wounds of renewal" healing ideal fill in "pick up the sizable hevajra pulled out, bone, na is forcibly income technique such as massage technique, also contain trauma. In addition, sui and tang dynasties time has begun using equipment and mat objects, such as Daniel (head massage head health care that is an example. In the theory of Hudson, the pathogenic syndrome and wet on "(remember to head a haircut, more than"; "A few easy (GengFan use", and the floorboard of Bi (is comb. The head, and that combs (with a few easy (is different with the comb, BiZi, again, has more than combs massage head skin effect, points, with circulation veins, evacuation rheumatism, and yuan dynasties of the meal was about to drink the development to "often comb" care means. The reason of broken party wounds renewal in the land of moab is a shoulder, waist, chest and back, need of things, such as "soft drink (mat such coin piece", and this also) for posterity followed by modern massage treatment until WangDao physicians in the tang dynasty, the secret to NiChan "on the platform of the salt on impose hilum method, beriberi also have anointed mount. For children with the liquid notes of a few heads and spine, the daughter of YaoFang recorded moab will also anointed method for pediatric clinic in, massage law has extended to women and families clinical.

Nine, the forensic science progress

(a) to determine the inspection system

The han to the tang is our country ancient law, except for the further development of perfect period, all previous dynasties laws are outside the law already lost the forensic examination, law provisions objects have three: the sick, the dead, injured, the equivalent of today's living inspection and body check. "If not be honest, by criminal sanctions will test the cheat disease and death, by make inspection, break the reality, each depends on reducing fraud wait; if real illness, death and injury to the experimenter, therefore not sin theory." the people (the law, faked illness, injury false "faked illness, borrow south pavilion, a series of this) that the forensic examination regulations vogue in the tang dynasty, to prevent inspection personnel cheating, to come to this expressly, this regulation is still used in qing dynasty, become the basis of generations and inspection system.

(2) law with relevant provisions in forensic medicine

1, damage to the legal definition and classification with criminal law, law regarding issues solving measures specifically damage is defined as: "see blood as injury". It includes blood flow after injury or macroscopic subcutaneous bleeding two meanings, but also focus on was wounded. Law will send injury content divided into three categories: brothers, together with the weapon. Brotherhood of limbs, for example, which is also included such head struck by the formation of the injury, which is called the limbs damage, it refers to the brotherhood is "not a are having more, namely, soldiers don't blade is also", its formation of damage just call it weapon damage, is "blade referred for gold iron, without the cent of size with the killer", 29generations, its formation of damage is called blade injury. Above three limbs for light, together with followed. As a weapon Brothers and it hurt and today's blunt bullies, cut wounds consistent with today's sharp instrument injury and consistent.

2, damage degree judge and punishment law on non-lethal injury classification is very fine, and from light to heavy stipulates corresponding punishment. This classification and appraisal standard can sum up the table below:

Law degree of damage and weapon properties according to prescribed punishment list:

Damage degree and weapon properties

punishment

1,

Brotherhood of man without injury bullies fight

Reach 40

2,

Fighting brothers ou people wound (see blood as hurt); Man without injury to it; the bullies With hot fire did not hurt; The law BoFa discontent, inch (illness, injury faked illness deceptive inaccurate ", south cabinet series haidai this); Muzzle bleeding

Each staff 60

3,

By having people wound, beating Kun above ground pulled hair to hair bun rates with the endless still

Each staff 80

4,

Fresh and bleeding; Inside loss vomiting blood; Dysentery blood

In the 1980s with brothers who else by rod 100

5,

Those who cut shot no weapon

Rod 100

6,

Fold the dentate; Nasal mouth eyes; damage to ear Miao an item; Fold the brothers means; Broken bone; Soup HuoShang people

ACTS year

7,

Fold two teeth, forefinger deep above; Kun hair

ACTS a year and a half

8,

Blade wounds; Fold one rib; Miao two eye; Aborting the human fetal (mother koo limit had died)

Various ACTS two years

9,

Fold the limb; Bone shift; A glance within such blind those not soothe koo

Various ACTS two years

10,

Fold the limb; Bone shift; A glance within such blind not soothe koo creators, disability, waste disease

Various ACTS three years

11,

Blind eyes were; Ten and fold; Fold two limb; Broken tongue; CDC defeated Yin and Yang - tuk destroyed because of old to cancer (and to tuk disease)

Flow three miles

12,

Together with brotherhood fights the killer

twisted

13,

And so the killer. The blade murder

beheaded

No law as today that will not divided into minor injuries and fatal injury, but speak of disability, waste disease, tuk problems, is actually different degrees of injury, and will seriously into third similar.

For different degrees of injury law put forward definite forensic standard, according to these standards can accurately make decision, and consist of forensic what punishment to. These provisions of that forensic liing in tang dynasty, and achieve quite strict check higher level, in global law medical history have made outstanding contributions.

Three, the koo

Qin and han dynasties accumulated much experience of living damage inspection, the experience is one of the important koo.

The set, probably began the addition of han, is to identify injury after a certain time after death and injury of causality and proposes. Koo has preserved by law detailed regulations: "all the brotherhood of the bullies koo, with it hurts limit days; the bullies; to hurt on the blade and fluids hurt body and folding fall 30 days; the broken bone in five days." Immediately after the injury happens, according to the injury by official inspection according to the law, koo has limited. If the victim is in addition to limit, in accordance with homicide died within; If the death, in addition to limit or is due within died of limit and the damage irrelevant but died, then each causes according to the corresponding ou injury sin. Law

(3) other and relevant provisions. The forensic

(1) to various injury and death law knowledge is quite widespread, species and all have corresponding criminal law. These casualties as death by rod, horses and hurtful, by thing buy one ear nose, deliberately screen to people taking diet things, power system, will force a man who tied, make people fear to death; The fraud casualties (who knowingly bridge Kuang a cross that XiuBai, drowning), etc.

(2) of ou: including ou hurtful, must assess the injury weight or the cause of death, and then impose corresponding competition punishment: "all of the conspiracy, the following punching hurt for felonies, yuanmou hand that reduced the follower and wait, wait; if reduced more hands, yuanmou peg-intron. each minus second-class; send with the dead because a felony."

(3) abortion: law stipulates: "the fall," the human fetal ACTS two years that abortion not born, from playing pregnancy and fell. And in addition to limit what mother damaged by law, only subsidiaries death, if WaiZi little death, or in limited though died of limit inside, and son unformed were no abortion, the sin. The so-called "koo inner tire fell and son unformed" involving fetal development and to what degree beginning protected by law issues, a forensic significance.

(serial, to be continued)