Chinese history (sui tan period) (serial 53)

Section 5 materia medica

Sui and tang dynasties, the sea land traffic developed. Use drug experience, foreign drug extensive exchanges of tang dynasty, the government introduced into attention, especially the development of medicine, set YaoYuan beginner, promoted the progress of materia medica, whether in theory or clinical applications are very big development.

One, the development of materia medica

The great achievements in the tang dynasty, first as the new fix materia "is the compilation and enacted. This one is known as the world's first state pharmacopoeia properties of materia medica part, marking the advent of materia medica has raised period to a new level. In the later tang dynasty and compendium of materia shortage ", "herbal supplements of herbal works appear, make an important during this period of accomplishment more perfected, as in the history of materia medica, many medical experts made creative contribution. They not only have SuJing among the new practice of such modern materia medica, sun simiao, meng agreeable freedom, Chen zang ware to wait also is one of the outstanding representatives.

This period to the development of materia medica, main show is the following several aspects:

(a) drug varieties, the increase in the number of and origin enlargement

This period of materia medica literature deliver quantity contained in the drug than previous generations. The root of Chinese magnoliavine was ranked monographs. Drug 365 Beam · ge prescient "BenCaoJing guo" in all monographs, while the drug 730 new fix materia "contained in the drug has amounted to 850 species, including new load drugs have 115 kinds. Subsequent Chen Tibetan wares monograph compendium of materia and when the new practice of herbal aftertaste of 680 jurisdiction, and drugs. Drug source, collect breed and involves the distribution area expands and more widely. In addition to the mainland by outside in, and there are many varieties drugs from remote areas or imported drugs, such as the new practice of medicine herbal, many increase for foreign drugs. Other researchers, according to the publication in this period of the sea medicine herbal written drug producing area more than 40 place, with southern China (such as lingnan, guangzhou etc.) and overseas countries or areas (such as the Persian, daqin, etc.) for xinluo.

(2) the drug known correction and added

According to its long-term practice sui experience of previous generations recorded in the literature of herbal drug efficacy, and have a more in-depth understanding, an additional, and corrected predecessors to drug known many mistakes. If ZhenQuan with the theory of "medicinal reciting the drug efficacy, then there is some new added. As pointed out that "lotus root section, the main vomiting blood than beaten juice, nasal and bleeding"; Qiang work can "put to ZeiFeng lose my voice remained silent, many itching, blood and blood infection,......" I Etc. The new practice of materia medica BenCaoJing more corrected the error of the many guo, such as TaoYun: "iron falls, is dyed black iron oar", "new fix materia" correct said: "iron house burned down is forging iron red on the anvil of boiling, forging, skin fell are".

(3) drug classification method of progress

This period in drug classification method also earlier generations have made great progress. Sun simiao in seven product classification, and on the basis of the function of according to drugs for wind, wet into polio-free, waist, each type of ridge under such 65 put forward several indications drug, total 1,415 kind of times (because the same drug can appear in are not the same disease such as "Yin,) under wet itch under 18" enumerates magnolias, WuJiaPi, common cnidium fruit, eight kinds of drugs. "Red eyes under saunders haq, cited the" empty green, CheQianZi, cassia seed 15 kinds of drugs on the drug, each has certain curative effect of sickness. Chen of Tibetan ware compendium of materia monograph on the content of "ten agent", namely xuan can go to warm the ginger, orange, of; Tong can go to sluggish akebia, prevent yourself, of; (3) fill can go weak: ginseng, lamb of the genera. (4) to close: TingLi emptying the genera, rhubarb. (5) light can go to solid: ephedra sinica, puerarin of genera. (6) weight to shrink: magnetic 100, iron powder of the genera. (7) slippery to go: winter kwai son of white, elm of. (8) acerbity to go from: oysters, keel of the genera. (9) dryness can go to wet: white mulberry, ChiXiaoDou of genera. (10) wet can go dry: baishi British, violet quartz of genera. The drug classification method and modern pharmaceutical classification method rather similar said, "ten benefit" (the classification method of beiqi xu which is only to create) played a direct role clinically necessary for posterity, therefore been happy to use.

(4) the development of the theory of drug processing preparation

ZhenQuan deployed by the "of", added a lot about the drug processing preparation content. Such as heart, Chu forsythia bush to take eyebrow fat zhanquan with vermilion, musk for wandeng. The new practice in the various medicine herbal "under item has many processing regulation, the daughter of a sun simiao two sides of processing in made detailed accounts of the same, and the processing varieties is summarized, in" close and article discussed in ", and points out that the chapters: "all used by the application, refine quarter, today is a footnote degree of criterion otherwise, party a in this article, the more not vexed square." next don't note Describes in detail, such as variety of processed products of 170 aconite monkshood processing, he stressed that "it big poison, difficult to follow all system... with monkshood, all peel to black, but Campbell boil with, or to poison people. Especially appropriate be cautious." And as the daughter of processing, r. r. YaoFang "fame and described in cooked by the earliest literature method technology steamed. Boiled, real digitalis divided since sun simiao beginning.

(5) information about the drug's acquisition, cultivation, processing and storage

In the sui about drug necessary collection, cultivation, processing and storage and a new development and improving, Chinese traditional medicine, and mostly crude mostly plant growth of crude, in each period, the acquisition of the season and different parts effective ingredient content of the intensity of each different, often also deployed there are differences. Therefore, the acquisition, crude in its contains effective ingredients should be the most time. BenCaoXue works on these aspects in the sui book, 1996-2 issue with the volunteer, "CaiYao law into the forest of 4 kinds of 2, 8 volumes. These herbal works that the emergence of a BenCaoXue research and progress. Sun simiao further emphasize and development the importance of the important significance of CaiYao season, and points out that: "does not comply, and take no special" silk. He also advocates the necessary to pick drugs. In order to facilitate scholars master of his season and discern, the acquisition of 233 drugs, sudden dry season and tumble dry, fire, the concentrated in every flavour, this paper briefly introduced under the dictionary, their opinions, and explained, is a very valuable drugs acquisition Canon, much influence on later quite.

Information about the drug cultivation, tang has emerged special medicine, but YaoYuan planted methods and experience but failed to be handed down from ancient times. Sun simiao summary and describes the method of 20 kinds commonly used drug cultivation, from the choice, select the soil, digging the strip, open, ridges, fertilizers, irrigation, sowing, cutting and transplanting, fertilizsr, weeding, accept mining, processing and work to collection, preservation, storage, uniform and so on each link, shall be record, a in medicinal plant cultivation of sun-style aspects, and achieved many achievements.

The storage and preservation in drugs, sui tang physicians also attaches great importance to, such as sun simiao concrete measures about storage medicine. These theories and methods and preventing moisture to drugs used instruments, against the rat, mildew prevent quality, etc, all has the scientific basis and reliable effect, in the JinYiFang ", thousands more expounds storage medicine sun-style architectural specifications and storage warehouse preparation of medicine-chest requirements, etc.

(6) authentic medicinal materials collected and studied

The soil, climate, sunshine, water and other natural conditions are not the same everywhere, drug producing area is a certain relationship for curative effect, Chinese herbal medicine emphasizes authentic is quite scientific. Sui and tang dynasties, the national unity, both inside and outside the traffic trade expedite, academic exchange prosperity, it is necessary for the proper arrangement and study medicinal aspects work provides the possibility. In this respect, should first make outstanding contributor. Sun simiao He explicitly pointed out that, "according to the prefectures and counties, which are materia medica is ancient name, today he found the scholars, and it feels. Since open, cosmopolitan holy tang without outside, county and state names, everything but the new, so must ZhenMing by land title, and after that the scholars, easy to know, its out of medicine that land. Whoever lived 133 state, the whole 519 kind, the rest are unbearable into state soil, so don't numerous record royal ears." In "a thousand of JinYiFang monographs listed section. The work of later generations of sun-style has great influence.

Second, pharmacology achievement

Sui and tang dynasties time, no matter in clinical practice or prescription theory are summarized the new progress. Especially the two sides and the daughter of the secret of Taiwan to book the coming of enormously enrich the content of ancient pharmacology.

(a) large recipe books the composing

Sui and tang dynasties time, by the party in the collection and compilation achievements significantly. "Universal" plan two thousand six hundred volumes assorts square, YuDaYe order to ten years. But because this not line, circulate carved difficulties, and extract unilaterally, entitled "the four hundred volumes of customs gather unilaterally. Tang, there are after tang dynasty are of famous sun simiao YaoFang "and" the daughter of JinYiFang every thirty thousand, WangDao outside Taiwan "roll" forty volumes secret. And the broken party wounds renewal Daniel "and a variety of other recipe books.

(2) the innovative applications concerning, cutting

Sui and tang dynasties in the achievements of ancient pharmacology of cutting and innovation of zhongjings prescriptions is an important aspect of the application. In inheriting predecessors' experience as sun simiao, on the basis of a lot of cutting and innovation by the party, ZhangZhongJing synopsis of angelica ginger mutton soup is a cold hernia treatment of abdominal blood to splurge. Help Yang Sun simiao on this basis, the changeable and cutting, expanded treatment range, use mutton soup treat post-partum cold syndrome and abdominal pain: mutton angelica decoction "in the treatment ChanHouFeng come-and-go cold weakness, not food; Mutton eucommia soup treat post-partum lumbago cough; Mutton origin for postpartum 3 hope abdominal etc. Be like again XiaoJian chief "virtual old in soup in urgent", and other diseases. Sun simiao join astragalus blindly, became "astragalus chienchung soup", attending "virtual old, and the deficiency in hurry," join angelica blindly, became "inside fill angelica chienchung soup", attending "woman postpartum virtual won deficiencies", and other diseases. Sun simiao prescription and ancient and not the principle of mud, inheriting and good development. Therefore, the qing dynasty ZhangLuCeng said "don't read its golden casket indescribable law of know fong expensively, don't talk about the source of the golden casket expensively square of how broad political reform."

(3) combined with clinical, creating new methods

Sui tang physicians in conjunction with their clinical experience created a large number of effective new methods, such as sun simiao in its two "daughter" square, recorded many new methods. Such as "wenpi decoction, daughter XiJiao soup, small renewal was living life soup, parasitic soup, WenDan soup, reed stalk soup, etc., which has been widely long-term application prescriptions. And spread to Japan, Korea and other countries.

Third, the development of diet to learn

Sui and tang dynasties time our country dietotherapy learn had great progress, mainly displays in the following respects.

(a) the development of learning thought diet

1, DongXiao pathogenic "food to first: sui tang in clinical practice subject, pay attention to the food raises food," daughter YaoFang · food ouzhi "inherited neijing dietotherapy thought, advocate clinical diagnosis should" DongXiao pathogenic ", food to eat first. The advantage to emphasize "eating can arrange evil and Ann viscera, yue god to help cool volunteers bloodless. "And the disadvantages of medication is to" medicine, a potential partial somewhat dirty air uneven grants and vulnerable to this. "So in food and medicine to cure the relationship, sun simiao explicitly pointed out that," dietotherapy not more, then life medicine. "The thought of sun-style soreness and even the following the sui-tang dynasty, the development of ancient Chinese dietotherapy learn all produced great impact.

2, senile dietotherapy care: the elderly, the appropriate amount of the diet JinYiFang · endowment dietotherapy "thousands ways of carrying" the son of man endowment, though there were amphibious 100 product in every food will avoid miscellaneous, miscellaneous five utter phase flinch, food, with a has not made with fresh meat and eat. Enjoy, do make reduce, eating fresh thrifty, if greed flavour, old man intestines and stomach injury, thin skin, DuanQi from pahang needless, will cause cholera." The emphasis here of sun-style elderly ate must be appropriate, once the number and type don't eat too much, adjust its diverse diet increases. The above dietotherapy viewpoint, even looks like today, also be quite reasonable. In addition, the physiological characteristics for the elderly, sui and tang dynasties have noticed the necessary choice of kinds of food. As sun simiao claims should be "often learn DanShi". With delicate vegetarian primarily. Think of the old food should be XiaoMaiMian, with the "great japonica etc is beautiful." But "not its predators, the so-called pigs, chicken, fish, garlic, Fu Kuai, red meat, lettuce, liquor, big, big with salty also." Specific directions emphasize "food when ripe chewing", "cheese souffle honey, ChangYi temperature and feed, the great benefit of old age."

Three, gynecology and obstetrics should pay attention to the problem this period soreness of gynecology and obstetrics aspects differ the dietotherapy problem also gives a certain value, the collection of herbal supplements diet food in many, many food takes into consideration the clinical characteristics of obstetrics and gynecology, put forward different dietary requirements. As in "lotus root" said: "whoever postpartum the cold things don't feed the avoid coupling is born. Only different type also, the reason for can spread blood, but beauty only, can generation food." Zan Yin the heart of discrimination to feed medical terms in women pregnant soreness discussed some more specific, such as on pregnancy akujiki a disease, the emphasis on treatment should mainly rely on "diet interest", think only "neither eat force", "body strong color can fill, raise foetus, the mother full force and rehabilitation, claiming that women do" the pregnancy after supplements for heavier medicine should improve. From the analysis of the condition of body postpartum women with postpartum disease that the basic reason is that the "flesh is deficient, therefore into a disease". Emphasize "YaoEr know more add the disease, and with the diet for good workmen ears picture."

(2) the increase in the number of diet food and variety

Sui and tang dynasties time, along with the progress of production development especially, make BenCaoXue diet foods in both quantity and variety have greatly expanded. According to statistics, the daughter of YaoFang · food governance "for the medicine listed the diet food, plan of 154 236. The new fix materia record on the food supplements to also have 85 kinds, but "dietotherapy materia" written in dietotherapy food has amounted to, these are relatively 261 sui had greater increase before.

Dietotherapy food varieties also more abundant. As is shown in the beginning of the herbal dietary fish have GuiYu (GuiYu), bass, ShiShouYu (yellow croaker), vegetables have harmony food (KongXinCai), 蓤 (spinach), pineapple, MiGu class mung beans, and above all for nutritional value high dietotherapy food. Dairy products, in the sui and tang dynasties has a large presence of supplements. Sun simiao emphasize milk can "fill veins, heart muscle, a long ipsos popularity eyes moist and body face time." yue, ambition The tang dynasty has grown throughout the country tea more than fifty states county, also appeared by government business garden, drinking tea has become a ethos, this has certain influence ancient medicine, physicians note tea medicinal value, tea gradually became a kind of important QueBing prolong physical health diet food. The new practice of the herbal tea first record, think tea, medicinal function bittersweet taste, small cold sores, non-toxic, Lord fistula, and urinate, to light hot thirsty, a little sleep. "" dietotherapy materia" think in addition to direct shashen tea drinking outside, still can take juice conjee, compendium of materia monograph "advocates the tea" food ", and the appropriate hot emphasizing "long food is thin, to people in fat, then don't sleep. "

In addition, this period dietotherapy method are also abundant. "Dietotherapy materia" apart from general contained in traditional "cooking" (such as mustard outside the leaves and so on), have made "pink" and predators, such as chicken godfathers (made), medicinal indianmulberry "gas" and predators (such as Ren son); Have Bo Tuo made "" (a kind of cooking noodles) and the sound (such as diosgenin); Have "born knead, vinegar flooded" and predators (such as white poled); Have "sauce" and predators (such as mustard), etc.

Fourth, to a side effects such as the animal experiment method observation

The understanding of nonnutritive disease already reached very high levels, it's interesting, in order to further make clear beriberi hair cause of disease, tang made some necessary also beneficial animal experiments. Such as "dietotherapy materia" Shu meters with: "not allowed food with children do not, and now he is good, and if a small dog food, and their music. Wo feet become do falsely, slow medicine bone, absolutely veins." Chen of Tibetan ware compendium of materia monograph, such as carrying similar content is the "coward meters" download: "glutinous rice, sex small cold food, make... long. Shu meters and personal soft, feeding kitten dog, was that do not, slow feet song." the man muscle

(serial, to be continued)