Chinese history (sui tan period) (serial 56)

Section 8 Chinese and foreign medical communication

Sui and tang dynasties, GuoFuMinJiang crime-ridden, promoting the prosperity of domestic and foreign trade development and scientific and cultural exchanges, changan became the sino-foreign cultural and economic exchanges center. Medicine, in the sui and tang dynasties time than any previous generation more prosperity, and it was in a leading position, traditional Chinese medicine to neighbors such as Japan, Korea and other countries to the much more influence. Of course, in traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese and foreign medical exchange in also absorbing foreign drug experience, prescription, drugs, or even medical theory. These communication to developing and abundant Chinese medicine, to safeguard people's health, played a significant role in promoting the development of world medicine, also make a useful contribution.

According to the book of new and old, sui tang dynasty recorded in the book of his and our country had delivered the region and country live more than ninety, okla. Owing to historical changes and other various factors, territory and constantly changing, it was only in this country are modern state or national regions discussed according to Chinese and foreign medical communication problems.

A sino-korean medical communication,

The interaction between quite frequent sino-korean, high name li, 100, and he has sent students to xinluo in study abroad. For countries such as sons constantly send xinluo, not only to China to study TCM of north Korea, China medical systems also accepted for north Korea. 693 years, such as AD buy medical doctor two xinluo, BenCaoJing in China ", the "books by party a and party b" and "grain asked", "by", "vein needle by", "MingTang via", "difficult subjects such as the" professor students. The new practice increases again after course, apparently materia medica of education and medical China as models.

TCM medicine through such as governor in treatise on febrile disease, "the pathogenic syndrome", the daughter of the party "and" secret "in Taiwan to xinluo etc.

The 796 years, the government of tang dynasty LiFang "written" wide, make states circulating period 1970-1996 copying. Xinluo, namely, to the authorities in contradiction that tang government LiuMeng have to request the book, "liu yuxi in collection of carrying on in nineteen years (803 zhenyuan 17 September generation huainan du" xianggong "theory of the wide LiFang xinluo please write this, which was also seen in the north Korean government for Chinese medical care.

North Korea medical also was introduced into China. Such as "the secret" record the platform. "teacher" koryo fong The certificate of WeiLingXian under such materia DE written: "GaoYangZi zhenyuan, ZhouJun nest for WeiLingXian preach cloud: first ShangZhou someone when ill never shoe in the decades... meet one xinluo monks seen against yue: this entity a medicine to live, but do not know this ever? Because to mountain searchs,, but WeiLingXian also fruit. Make clothing, days can walking in the north Korean sangha. Visible in the eighth century in China activity and already in health care. The tang government 723 the jiqing written in" the wide application of koryo square emphasized the bladder and gas for kelp (LiShiZhen compendium of materia medica roll 19, kelp p. 1376, people's medical publishing house, 1981), reflects the tang dynasty to the necessary attention and trust north Korean herbs.

In addition to the outside, north Korea zhongjings prescriptions of ginseng, bezoar, kelp, zhi grass of medicine for China, constantly input Chinese applications and research provided valuable experience, north Korea more see also shown in medicinal herbal works, such as "herbal medicinal monograph" carrying xinluo root, and blue cane in zostera marina and kelp; The sea of the herbal medicine containing aconite, etc. In addition, the history of scaling passengers carrying xinluo in production volume 26 medicinal soil melons, stone jowls, sea safflower, eggplant, ShiFa, sea pine nuts, peach, hazeinut, WaNaQi etc.

From the foregoing two generations of especially sui tang dynasty, two countries, China. The exchange pomp pharmaceutical

Second, the sino-japanese medical communication

Sui and tang dynasties time, Japan is pushing emperor period, the holy DE taizi conducted a series of political reform. He sent to our students, direct Confucianism, Buddhism thinking back to Japan, also put our medicine to take home. If the 608 in Japan, the government sent to our country, the small sister, including a pharmacist hui day, bonobos to wave to study medicine han straight Gospel etc, it is the earliest sent Japanese medical students in China. Partnership to completion of the universal sister with 300 rolls of assorts square to the emperor (36.67% loose end of han medical evolution, "huang P10 outlook from the book" the 14th han medical book, the world inc., 1936), in our country, if such as live for more than 10 years, have come back in, in AD 623 are carrying the theory of "the pathogenic books such as syndrome. Hui day after returning home in Japan spread Chinese medicine seven years in 630 A.D., and in the second, in centres on three times to China for further study.

Later, studied medicine in China were famous Japanese scholars and pipe, tube the original 捤 original qing into etc. In addition, there are spread to Japan from the famous Japanese drug, royal cultural relics ZhengCangYuan "collection warehouse" drug is obvious. The emperor of Japan in 756 holy sasha died, and the light the court after the queen ZhengCangYuan drug to "store." There are about 60 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, including musk, XiJiao, ginseng, rhubarb, keel, cinnamon, liquorice etc, are still kept in ZhengCangYuan.

Japan dabao years later, more completely imitation of the tang dynasty culture, Chinese medical system for Japan as. In August, A.D. 701 Japanese emperor issued "dabao make military" in which the medical system, medical education, the physician etc Settings, fully adopt tang system. Such as disease to be in medical student in a positive, u-right province, makes make, such as medical treatment, drug waitresses, born within the province official set physicians, medical doctor, the doctor; Needle division, needle, needle born; dr. Massage, massage, massage born; dr. Dr ban cursed curse forbidden born; YaoYuan and YaoYuan born and other job, and prescribed doctors, needle XiYe, doctor compulsory born branch by the party a and party b "and" mai jing ", "sketch square", "set prescription". The needle while the element birth required by asking ", "the needle" and "MingTang", "MaiJue", "lingers after", "chen-zun-shu side figure", "red", etc. Udinese by makes Learning age: exercises, obstetrics, needle families are seven years; Gen is swollen, rumblingly.the tracks for 5 years; Ent 4 years; Massage, charm campaign, these three years in an obvious characteristics of Chinese medicine in tang dynasty.

In addition to sending the students to China to study such as and messengers and research outside, Japan also invite Chinese scholars to Japan lecturing and professor. In China, such as AD in 1284 dongdu Japan invited distinguishing monks. He in the law, while also observing teach Chinese medicine knowledge, identify the methods of herbs, the development of both medicine in Japan have certain effect.

Chinese medicine into Japan later, get attention in Japan, Japanese confrontations with appeared a lot of study of Chinese medical known scholar, they were writing a lot of study of Chinese medical texts. Such as the emperor of Japan in 808 PingCheng helm's cloud wide really etc into medical assorts the party "100 volumes of datong is introduced into Japan's China reference medical record in huangdi neijing," by ", "the pulse needle by", "party b by", "sketch square", "new fix materia" wait for a book and become. According to the original with Ed cane "Japan in books catalogue (see, when contained 891) official Japanese stored books of traditional Chinese medicine has reached 163 department, 1309 volumes. Including many later in our country, such as "the book were new fix materia", "sketch square", "set prescription." These books are all in China by the Japanese ambassadors, monks, students in Japan, and brought the Chinese medicine, visible at the peak in Japan.

Third, the medicine in communication

Sui and tang dynasties, the exchanges between China's many more frequent, also ShenQuanQi, liu yuxi, brilliant as GaoPian, e.g. fan who has been to Vietnam, medicine to Vietnam with more. "YuTang gossip" account, when Chinese who ShenGuangXun cure the Vietnamese, was the brain surgeon, tang pains in Vietnam is as YiShen sun simiao plastic in medical temple in first oblation.

Into each other in the living, Vietnamese medicine also with each other by trade -tin gifts, constantly was introduced into China. If this city is located in central Vietnam among countries (15th century for Vietnam when li dynasty, which many times and) contradiction to China. Into the sink comments, amber, XiJiao and so on drugs.

Some herbal works in tang dynasty as "new fix materia", "the book of poems as materia medica, receive many Vietnam drugs, such as white cane, cloves, pelatiah ta-pa-ni mollet, Michael, gianluca bread li li incense, and Michael, SuFang phya wood, imperata Lv incense, taro, such as wood. In addition, Vietnam's medicine also have to. Such as "record" lead the taiping wide propaganda chamber of the zuyongdiao said: "Mr Annan yulong creams, can change a silver liquid, tang Korea with the China" in covenant. Therefore, in the medical exchange, is to promote each other and improve together.

Four, sino-indian medical exchange

Sui and tang dynasties in China, as Buddhism prevailed, between China and India, many monks are more closely related, promote the mutual between the medical communication between China and India.

A.D. 629 ~, tang monk buttons years of Buddhism in India scriptures, had written, "western" datang offers us Indian medical with Buddhism and the clues into China. As the book narratives: "the brahman learn four vedic theory: a yue longevity, refers to operate; 2 yue sexual health refers to the temple, and offering prayers"; the third yue ping, etiquette and divination, art, JunZhen; four yue art, Ji number, "Vatican powers, curse, zhongjings prescriptions...." "Ill: all JueLi by disease, among more than seven days, and the time limit, there will be healed; Chou poor, square is not the bait medicine, medicine; various sexual class; the work of medical Ji, syndromes in different." (western: the datang 7-12 record "(2).

Tang's monk outstanding in AD 671 years, to go to India in India, spent 25 years old, has been introduced to the indians BenCaoXue, acupuncture, China pulse learn, prolong life art knowledge. He also spoke with India compared the drugs, yue: "notice western (refers to India, Nepal, Pakistan and other western take the place called 7-12 composing and dongzhen different), each other have each other is, things are, and not like ginseng, tuckahoe, angelica, p. tenuifolia, monkshood, aconite, ephedra sinica, asarum, if the flow, the shenzhou irrigation, inquire about west countries there is no. Western salty phya Michael, how full li has tulips are northern road. He and interactive activities enough explains between China and India, les and china-pakistan medicine is very prosperous tang exchange.

Sui and tang dynasties time also massive introduced to the Indian medicine theory and medical technology, etc.

In China and India in the many buddhist monks in translation, contains many Indian medical content. Like the thousands of monk dahlia, the masters and the Jue 羂 cable curse not empty the sutra, including useful drug Sue cat (gardenia) and indra alternanthera which grass (various drugs, sweet) made with the pill and families all spell "ghosts" disease for panic; Tang monk in the translation of "Buddha said outstanding hemorrhoids sickness healing by", "mann pogorelich polly bodhisattva CangZhong a curse word spell by", the former king introduced the classification, the latter introduced hemorrhoids with spells and cooperate with medication inside, outside, women, facial features the division such as disease. Medicine content with buddhist afferent, China and India is a way of medical exchange. And come with buddhist sutra sutra, who is also the monks practice. Therefore, Buddhism in China and India medical teaching stream also played a role in promoting.

In addition, it is directly translated into many Indian medical record. According to "sui book", "tang book" account with eleven kinds, 78 volumes. The secret to WangDao outside Taiwan "cites" days of classics of eye, Syria also explain India eye monographs has caused when Chinese medical attention.

Sui and tang dynasties time, many Indian produce drugs, as tribute was introduced into China. Such as: tulips, borneol sweet etc.

Sui and tang dynasties in China, India, the medical also have medical areas. In ophthalmology Liu yuxi had the extreme medical brahman poem "(eye LiuMeng too corpus" liu yuxi "P51 roll 7, the si bu cong downsizing, commercial press, 1930), is one of India limited medical. In addition to "the alchemist has India", if have the emperor taizong refining Dan medicine ZongZhang shiva and green living Saul reign (chinesethe brahman Lou scheduled) more blessed with ease. (3), (P887), 51, roll FangShiJie is general medicine and the attacker.

Indian medicine, influence and of China then was introduced into the medicine, thus in the sui and tang dynasties time complete medical work, the Indian medical theory "four" said, all have asshur and. As the daughter YaoFang "yue:" every four gas and virtuous, four gods Ann and, a stretch to be not moved, born 101 disease...." (sun simiao "prepare urgent daughter YaoFang, volume 1, P3 j.1937, 1955)," Taiwan "is the secret to body yue:" who made to the four winds. Also, water, fire in a climate of Yin and Yang, the personal eight feet flesh skin, block the body, shangdi big also, however place..." (WangDao "secret", the Taiwan P562, 21, roll. People's medical publishing house, except 165.5 zhongjings prescriptions, the medical theory, the method also have to YaoFang daughter "and" a thousand recorded by JinYiFang cascc shiva party has more than ten and guinea pig massage law: "the secret" except Taiwan with "tianzhu classics of eye" outside, still have a quote from "near effect of lotus WangDao anointed" (the grass outside Taiwan ", volume and secret, the people's health, P851 press, 1955). "A thousand" the curse JinYiFang forbidden content and the emergence of sui forbidden secco curse, obviously, was also the effects of Indian Buddhism medicine.

Five, China and the Arab states medical communication

The 7th century in the Arabian peninsula, with the rise of islamic state food, namely the Arab empire, China and big food, in the very frequent contacts between 615 ~ 789 contradiction to tang food with the formal 37 times. Its offer to carry in square thing to include drugs, the food includes biography, memorizing yue: "after the TangChaoYong badge toward and often offer square thing." According to compendium of materia medica records from the drug food: horses brain, unknown, o daughter LiuXiang furong, smoke, safflowerfraie, kylin, no food styrax gummi incense, and son, and Michael, clove phya Lebanon. Big food for Arab empire is called tang dynasty. So recorded song and Ming, when food is more domestic drug when the sui introduced into.

Sui and tang dynasties, China's LianDanShu, pulse study, the content such as materia medica also reached the Arab. If life in relatively SongXingZhi world known as medical name father's ibn · west take, Western Europe say avicenna (980 to join the medical "book") have signs of by TCM, such as the impact of the medical record 48 species in 35 kinds pulse condition, with the same; TCM pulse About diabetes patients, the high urinary has a sweet taste patients have followed the garment touched bed signs and drug source, etc. Therefore, the medical "is sui and tang dynasties reflects the china-arab medical communication.

The ancient Persian, namely today than in the tang dynasty, the Iran are Persian merchants to come to China to do business. A.D. 647 ~ 480 years, envoys from other countries to China to have 28 Persian, many times with spices, envoys from drugs, etc.

Such as the Persian WangZiJi suddenly in 73 shiva to the offered incense medicine, rhino, etc, also written in Chinese materia medica closely tuo monk, green salt, month, no stones, muddy son ferulic etc to drugs, visible skin Persian, drug also enriched the contents of Chinese medicine. Many of the persians and seed sinicization of traditional Chinese medicine, also made an important contribution, such as sect-one of famous poet and LiXun, preaching pharmaceutical home after LiSu sand for Persian merchants, its home in order to sell sweet medicine for industry, has the rich sea medicine knowledge. He writes a book hai medicine herbal ", is basically a summary and described the Persian, and other overseas into China drug works.

Meanwhile, China also has many drugs to Arab countries output. Such as meat preferred, aloe, camphor, ginger, etc. In accordance with the pull of the Dartmouth buena library record "load China highway. Export goods are gerben dish ", reggina glue, aloe, camphor... Cinnamon, ginger, etc ".

Six, China and other countries medical communication

Sui and tang dynasties, the southeast Asia have in this AD changling, fall phya Borneo, lion kingdom with our country, such as experience is very close. Changling, another name phya masters, namely today of Borneo. Java in Indonesia "Yuanhe eight years, offering ways to add birds and extraordinary fragrance... frequency;" "13 November, offering the hawksbill turtle lid, born Titan sports... etc. In addition to phya ling businessman zhongjings prescriptions. According to the chart SuSong by materia "account:" break GuZhi nowadays many served with walnut, which fits for ZhengXiangGuo. Real-life cloud: for in the south China sea to seventy five day degrees, the ground belcher wet, wounded in the disease went inside and outside, and despiseth, take away the sun breasts, 100 end stone tonic. And seven years, and should not have LiMa phya ling countries phya, knows the proceeds of the Lord to pathology, hence preaching this square and medicine ". Yet for clinical commonly used today in the kidney Yang temperature square. Fall in Borneo phya ling countries put countries of the west (when in Java and Sumatra area is the perfect "zhen, WangXian ancient bei, ivory, white who etc.".

Located in the middle ancient silk road of such as spitting fire ROM, Ji bin, a given away official secrets, mud suoluo and other countries in the sui and tang dynasties, with China's relations with each other closely, and trade, medicine also get exchanges. Such as:

Spitting fire of romanian (around) the. In this northern Afghanistan, has repeatedly contradiction tribute. "Subordinated offer different medicine for eight years..... To twelve years. Contradiction offered hu medicine dry tuo ROM etc.... over 200 products to eighteen years. Tour offered a pear, Bess red quite interest, born of pure gold horse brain, medicine and quality sweat."

For Ji Penn (name), refers to the western ancient country northeast region and this Afghanistan Kashmir region. Tang said a, or given away official secrets, namely green caleb Saul wet, according to the ancient translation Kashmir Ji history record with Chinese communication has bingo: "zhen Nou sixteen years, sacrifice, that left mouse, beak light and tail red, can eat snakes. Have broken the rat snake sting, struggled to smell and urine, its boils the" set. "Kaiyuan seven years, and the contradiction to the astronomical the sutra, into a folder," the secret "and YaoFang content such as" sweet medicine. A given away official secrets "kaiyuan early. Eight years... contradiction to the offer hu medicine".

Mud shiva, refers to the romanian today Nepal, "(zhen), 蓤 contradiction offer perfect muddy mention vegetables, wave onion". The two all for drugs.

In the sui and tang dynasties time historical records of the medical communication with state still blows deloitte was alarmed by the kunlun, etc.

Kunlun, our country before today, referring to the tang dynasty in southern Indochina peninsula and nanyang islands. At the same time, our country ancient also called black skin, so from the generalized artificial kunlun kunlun also includes speaking, this part of African countries. Tang materia kunlun records be wood-aromatic from drugs, games, nutmeg, bone road son Lang, clove a, littoral, sandalwood and ferulic, SuFang wood, BaiTan sweet etc.

Breeze blows, and making the deloitte was alarmed by the blows Lin, stroke, and that of in daqin han. When the so-called sui in east Roman empire that blows.

According to the new tang book "account, blows in" good medical can open a brain worm Sheng more orders with a "(ouyang xiu" new tang book "volume 211, P6260, 833pp, 1975), is wear cranial introduced into China from abroad operation, the records of old tang book" is FengEr years (with "dry in 1535 offered bottom also forcing blessed, and explains the seventh century, and they have the middle from stroke, while in the show celebrates introduced into two to four years (1352 ~ 659) compiles" new fix materia "in existing" bottom "records, wild and XiRong", the term "is also a circumstantial evidence. Bottom by many kinds of wild and is made of the drug, containing opium. Opium poppy plant for its only from the tang dynasty, but also for tang physicians with "Ying Tibetan ware Chen under his son nan-shih called income of monograph books the compendium of materia medica.

(serial, to be continued)