Chinese history (song dynasties) (serial 66)

Clinical departments section 7 achievements

A, medicine

(a) miscellaneous diseases

Song dynasties is China medical history a highly development period, especially medicine theory research at this stage the deepening is a remarkable characteristic of medical. This feature will be reflected in this period the development of internal miscellaneous diseases in academic.

1, etiology theory play

In the three southern overburdened because of its extremely a disease and syndrome square of "famous" three proposed by theory "noticed the pathogenic factors between each other, and in close contact with the argument of the hair cause of disease miscellaneous diseases. Such as cough, "by seven emotions, bond-out within six evils, diet, daily life, room fatigue, that call, we can lean on each other and functions for disease." Many factors overburdened emphasizes the thought, compound change reveals the connotation of lead to disease, which produced in aetiology must say a progress.

The development of the theory to the song dynasty pathogenesis, a new trend of Yin and Yang is mainly manifested in biased, born grams, the emphasis on mechanisms such as the miscellaneous diseases reflect, with more than pathogenesis especially Yin and Yang of the partial wins in. Explains the changes and pathologically various performance characteristics and clinically.

Angry machine fluctuation lovely inverse also quite valued, such as "bian que who usually traveled everywhere book of records spleen, heart damage, lifting disorders, can cause lasalle dazed.

The actions, born party jiqing spit "point out:" the folly and Cardiff blood, not because of no heat. Cover hair blood in fear, natural hot overflow with gas heat, blood, but vomit. "actions also The pathology of chest, also think the new deficiency, gas is "on under control, and angry machine caused diaphragmatic" lift not relations.

Two song era a "luck" prevailed over to the said, also miscellaneous diseases among pathogenesis theory. Such as "history carries a narrative of" the party of the Cardiff disease rises, its to have roots, secondly, the pass by a preach a punishment?" The pathogenesis regularity, is born between by five viscera Wu pathological machine's turn.

2, the further systematic dialectical theory

Song before, many physicians is the tendency of heavy pooling formulae are relatively obvious, the northern song dynasty, this kind of circumstance to early still exists. And in two song period, the dialectical theory gained a comprehensive development, in addition to the "treatise on febrile diseases from jotting six-channel differentiation and eight principles dialectical theory to further deepen outside, still put forward and initially formed mainly used in medical miscellaneous diseases of the dirty prone dialectical theory.

QianYi learned mr.zhangzeduan.a famous physicians and creative, based on his neijing, the theory of the five elements and the theory of zang-fu points card, summarized a set of organs for program by unionizing dialectical method. He thinks, completely Lord of card, some also have some of don't nakedness. Such as: the heart Lord surprised, for the house, gods, or within the heart pullbacks anxiety, then god lost its deficiency and happen fright upset. Keep In reality, and who commits any with fever, thirsty, while mind vexed hot etc, who commits any in, the deficiency in lie among the timid uneasy Ji insomnia. Though QianYi in dialectical combination of pediatric physiological pathology characteristic is discussed, but he is still the zang-fu organs and dialectical programme looks like.

3, miscellaneous diseases treatment and "JuFang" fashion

Books in northern song dynasty grand leap purpose "and agent tongfang" (acquisition says "tongfang"), can reflect this period quite internist miscellaneous diseases treatment thought widespread attention to the tendency of the sun. Human AIDS Refining the names of heavy, corrected when welling-abscess shoreless recipe books, and popular tendency from extensive practical experience, found many effective prescription and drugs. For example the seventeenth-century medicine "zhengqi powder", "free and unfettered scattered", "flat stomach scattered", "Sue and sweet pill", "his treasure Dan", "violet snow Dan" comes from the book, influence, is very profound. Meanwhile, the book contains a lot of aromatic gas drugs, to promote do there is significant smooth angry machine after the effect of the application of the bank's angry medicine, produced certain effect. Because book bolus, powder etc often takes formulations, so the application, easy to preserve, its popular treatment of miscellaneous diseases, to produce a positive role undoubtedly.

But on the other hand, JuFang biased with warm dry for the disadvantages, such as the hot wind the door by medicine, almost all the sweet taste composition, then dry more as reference, guangxi and urumqi-kuitun, attach the medicine, hot and dry, formed society with "warm drug" like the bad style. Whereas the book is appointed government awarded, some doctors were stodgy, a prescription medication hidebound, so a mud JuFang "ills in".

4, specific disease and syndrome cognition and clinical level of progress

Miscellaneous diseases knowledge level of performance has also improved, in treatment method also more rich and effective.

Understanding of the song dynasty for edema edema has more records, ZhangRui "chicken peak of phuket party against the disease clinical manifestations are comparatively detailed description:" item tibial pulse, sleep eyes, like silkworm lie under float. Foot tibial swollen, eye, body weight between cold tired line, line, "says that breathe nasty edema systemic symptom and lung, spleen and kidney Yin tri-jiao gasification company, lost the pathogenesis of water flooding. And further elaborates on the disease to "not for long" polyuronides and water wet with hemolysis mutual knot, "their disease, bronze limbs inverse true dull, skin, body embodied a wrong, the body has no moist, gradually win thin" late complications. The first recorded treatment of proprietary 78 edema of severe multi-purpose pills, scattered, Dan agent 47 first, its part of prescriptions containing powder respectively composed of frost, light powder, mercury, NaoSha XiongHuang, such as drug, heavy agent bronze cast, clinical efficacy sure slowly.

Beriberi song dynasty accumulated relatively rich dialectical treats experience, appeared the monograph beriberi cure ", the author total treatment for the disease of dong ravine etiology, and internal and external treatment of the syndrome differentiation and treatment prescription and wait to have new insights. For example the etiology, sui tang era are caused by wind poison, and that that causes retention, mainly because of hot and cold wet, but with don't. Treatment method according to syndrome, season, regional, young and old are summarized, features such as a more comprehensive than before, and systems. The first, scoring contained square 46 total therapies and unusual method, put to its partial Yin and Yang, governance for the partial blood deficiency, cure is old, cure real, to wind, put to wet, rheumatism phase and, rheumatism, rheumatism ZhangLi carry empty, and drench closed and accelerate the and so on.

The wind of the song dynasty the issuing disease and syndrome have a comprehensive understanding, YuanFeng (A.D. 1078 ~ 1085 years) of cure too much bureau student's study subjects, with "the wind tree", to stroke disease. Hydrosphere contexts zhongjing have in the points: shading hui's in the lifeline of skill party further analyzed way: "the wind costa is mouth eyes, the wind is inclined cheung's body waste, the wind is dangerous." hides lives Its treatment, see jailer seized specimens priorities, natural and knocked mouth eyes slanting, half-paralyzed cheung, nasty, such as by issuing first with emergency dilute saliary switch, scattered or wins gold pill, "get vomit spits." that province After waking in accordance with the "times slow and is, or month daughter modulation" sequel lives soup, exhaust soup, wind lead soup of evil, centralizer timid wind, or with dredging rehmannia glutinosa is aspersed, saposhnikovia soup, prevent yourself soup tomifying qi and blood, proclaims, or with acupuncture given.it tunnel hole "complementary" stroke to twelve. And the holy Jackie total record "are 18 (86 ZiMu monograph of the wind pattern identification and treatment. For stroke disease, distinguish closed, take off saying, beginning in song dynasty, the wind card as a big card, then in understanding the physicians in dialectical accumulated abundant experience.

(2) infectious disease know level

The song dynasty is the understanding of infectious diseases in various centrally reflected in treatise on febrile disease research work. And jin tang period mainly in the title distinguish different, typhoid fever plague differ from song to the etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome, treatment and so on various aspects about the different explorations. Committed to the deepest is chun xia season tepid disease two. In fact this is the good hair season most infectious diseases. This period the physicians already not satisfy the useful typhoid volts gas to summarize all the pathogenic heat venereal, puts forward some independent of typhoid outside of the concept, like winter temperature and plague, and emphasized their infectious or epidemic. For WenBingXue laid the foundation of independent development.

Winter temperature: winter warm, they feel soured gas, fails to come on, to spring is hair, called winter temperature or temperature poison. Clinical manifestations can already pointed out: macula, such as brocade wen, or canker sores, hold for general symptoms of exogenous febrile disease. TouFa qingrejiedu treatment to the cause and infect mainly for its emphasis on: characteristics of the gas of the festival for cold, those people are feeling sick, often into epidemic.

Plague (days WenBing) : emphasize: do the gas of wisenews a grumpy old self inductance. Characteristic is hot temperatures disease, and heavier volts with epidemic, heavy then pop world, The Times each party may, a township, or partial to a. When be categorized PangAn made 5 types, treatment are to qingrejiedu primarily.

Due to the above three disease emphasized the gas and feel soured with epidemic, and so different from typhoid, so the theory of song dynasty about plague, and have no comparative childish though WenBingXue monographs appear, is an important period of partition cold-temperate. The song dynasty about winter temperature, plague cognition. Represents the epidemic was doctors know level.

Second, surgery and dermatologist

Two song period of the surgery and relevant subjects have development, specialized subject teaching expanded, monographs more widespread, surgical and skin disease of disease of awareness and science, law, square, the medicine more knowledge, professional doctor wu growing recognition, and appeared with "surgical" named book, in these respects more obvious surmount forefathers. However, compared with before, in the medical technology like no obvious progress.

(a) the education: the surgical 1060 years, too often said accurate, detailed decides temple for students limit bureau cure too much, which belongs to the surgery of 120 professional have sore swollen, four gold Zu and book forbidden 1, gold Zu and fold injury 1. XiNing nine years (1076), in order to further improve the song god Pope medical education, set by 120 students to 300 quota, and stressed: "name to teach" set three, the three FangMaiKe, needle that department and ulcers families, education and surgical in professional talent training on get more attention, this maybe about need with then civil war. YuanFeng (1078 ~ 1085), and professor of medical branch off adjustments. On the basis of original nine families, the three major surgical incorporated into "sores swollen and fold families," the money abscess forbidden families ", and books that branch more reasonable and so was the student population increased to 30, increase rate is much higher than in other disciplines.

(2) surgical works began to rich: according to the SongZhi ", "was written text introduction of etc of monographs, have surgery nearly 30 kinds, more than 50 rolls, including scientists from the song dynasty" WeiJi BaoShu compilation of 11.7 years), (about 2 volumes, "set back" (check last square, the roll) 1 1176 surgical new book "(1207) 1 (5" secret "(the platform)," "3 volumes 1263 emergency XianFang" (1278) 6 volumes, spread wide and great influence, in addition to the "surgical" has been the new book are in the Ming and qing dynasties, other modern or even surgeon's common reference books. Compiled by wu up to the new book ", is now surgeons know our medical history with "surgical" the earliest named the title. "WeiJi BaoShu) is a far-reaching surgical book, the author of the east porch lay signature. According to verify, east of the northern song dynasty shiwen the householder namely though. The book WeiTai xiangyang, only 2, but from its system YongJu surgical ulcers discussed the pyogenic infection such as etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and the kind of medical herbs and technology, not only see entomological12 society, and has high content of science," WeiJi BaoShu kidnap "all the pleasures of", the ceremonies of si ku quan shu handed down. The sets have examined square "check back LiXun is the author of standing, quanzhou, word, east-zhejiang integrating check back the last square" it is a content relatively rich treatment back to fester infection, and later books at all useful show influence. Exam lee academic thinking, and because he says a advocated a tin tube to suck the folk doctors for sepsis, know its medical treatment is quack conservative.

(3) surgical medical technology and disease BaoShu song "WeiJi know:" first describes the cancer, this is described in successive physicians the malignant tumor body shape characteristics on the basis of a scientific summary and the exact name. He said: "the CDC new-onset of cancer, but no clue, just meat, a strong or thermal pain, suddenly purple red erqi micro swollen, gradually not pain, soft ripe, red, purple &." just not broken Cancer word is the book first words, from rock from epilepsy. The general rock, rock, take its disks hidden deep, 磪 back Wei CenYan, rock cliff even shape to parable of convex cancer camp look and point hard like rock looks. Visible to cancer pathological disease hou author, he really understanding in order to help the readers, the more plotted rather image "cancer." footnote Suppurative infection with pus not into the pus has become the sign in the differential diagnosis in song dynasty had more progress. In the treatment of guiding ideology are further improved. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae "(992) about pus has become the incision and drainage thought the more positive than before. For example the book emphasizes: "pus become, namely when abandon medicine from needle burger also" and said "life and death moment, do not doubt painful, between a meal that internal collapse, with death. At ten sprint 8 or 9 yi", and he said, BoYi plan, examined or thick skin. "and should be burger" law of "a needle burger but pain the merit of also";" Burger method, extremely poorly instability in acupuncture, "about it, and points out that" all cut parts must be nearly below, not through that burning the make through "again burger. For larger shall be YongJu still emphasize" namely, and scattered burger number that is appearing in NongShui yi da, gas succoth a "" real Ren the hair to best in paper for the virtual Ren, besmear of Ren led pus plasters, for proper treatment, more specifically request vigilant" pus root not completely, and after making boils, and again hair theory ", the paper emphasized by the diagnosis, treatment principle and method that is tally with the requirements, the east porch lay on the prevention of breast of syndromes also have quite scientific value, he in recognizing that the incidence of breast carbuncle for "milk born carbuncle" not based on the breast, created RuXianYan cupping suck in a method of rotting breast carbuncle.

The development of withered hemorrhoid surgery: the holy benevolence formulae "(992) is a set of formulary embody the song before in their works, the unparalleled discussed on the treatment technology anus hemorrhoid, has several emphasized the mercury arsenic agent withered hemorrhoid method. As with arsenic politicos honey and pills such research in najaf hemorrhoid wrapped mian; Or with arsenic, such as alum at the end of "with refined (yellow and pills wrapped in a pill mian lower... to head away for degrees hemorrhoids,", "were in A.D. 505-508 recorded in the home of liquid square, a withered hemorrhoid scattered method of the holy benevolence formulae of the method, thus further improved step for health reduced intestinal mucosa damage, the effect is improved.

Surgical medical technology: eliminate throat with treatment of foreign technology, in the comprehensive warty has a definite in present paper, which could prove that these technology has for ordinary medical hands. For example: pediatrician monograph "infantile health total emblem of the part of party, expanding surgical medical technology have the above characteristics. In "the daughter of YaoFang in serum immune method using have recorded the treatment of the ideological delighting disease based on modified by development for the treatment of warts disease. Its approach is "to needle or knife in runoff warts son all around, take out with blood slightly sores people in the fu sores, mo sepsis juice water near collapse, the three days, the root move sepsis, and as a falling" from the children of total health micro theory square with magnets improvement sun simiao pharyngeal nails and needles from the methods, such as corwin foreign for drilling holes containing a magnet in line wear is obsessed, which not only improve the success rate, and greatly increases the safety. Pediatrician; a new baby monograph new book "(1150) volume 39, not only has included the sun simiao and the children of total health micro theory of similarity methods. Fong The book "holy benevolence formulae cited" (992) don't eliminate mistakenly swallowed hook medical technology. A law requiring the rope in hand, mo of the guide. ... , just make pushed to hook, small lead in the is out. A method with amber beads emphasized to peg penetration hook, push into to hook before and after push that with traction out yi, so medical technology in the widespread introduction of comprehensive remedies that already common method for its hands.

(4) anesthesia technology development: two song period of the surgery, especially larger surgery has gradually decline trend, conservative therapy has been development. But the development by surgery arisen anesthetic techniques did not therefore and stagnation, instead due to the rise of fester scar moxibustion, whole bone surgery progress, as has been further development. For example: DouCai "bian que who usually traveled everywhere book (1146) heart of holy written scattered namely its representatives to sleep, method is" difficult people endure moxa sticks chung, take this fire is not painful, also feed not hurt flowers (i.e., mountain tomato brugmansia flowers), fire manual twist, the total of medicine three money. Each, pediatric only a money, a clothing namely microsleeps ".

In addition, in the pediatric total health micro theory, but also in his book, fang correctly noted that the wind and the adult children hilum is the same kind of disease, tetanus to the people the understanding of the new height tetanus mentioned.

(5) skin disease know: with the deepening of the research on medical theory and practice for many rich, addressing the know more hasten is deep skin, skin of sui and tang dynasties time some mixed heavy and complicated conditions of name puts forward new ideas, enhance the classification of diagnosis and treatment level.

1, cutaneous tuberculosis: Wolf fistula, oysters fistula sores or equivalent of tuberculous early for unusual sex lupus; Orthoptera fistula similar to verrucous cutaneous tuberculosis; LuoLi rat fistula, LuoLi sex cutaneous tuberculosis equivalent: the total record "holy alms discussed in classification is more, but the former innovator said LuoLi door", "below emphasize the general view, saying:" LuoLi positions, the Li this many ways, because of fear, anger, sorrow, a pest YuDu or modified; or wind hot evil ways, guest in muscle, with virtual stop "; or in the neck, or on chest muscle is connected, who is also." About emotional apprehension, diet YuDu, wind hot pullbacks in such causes, on the basis of predecessors' enhancement. The song chung no choice because of the three extremely - disease and syndrome square theory "LuoLi card cure, is discussed on former classification reconciliation, he said objections that" this is often SAN Yang preach the Yin meridians are, if the dirty hair, may not have is, scholars known." (quotes are seen: medical theory "three for a song overburdened, disease and syndrome square theory" volume 15, P204, people's medical publishing house, 1957), Chen of the disease without choice Richard Angle and different views produce certain effect. And with and the strict YanShi recreate jiqing, emphasized the born square "according to patient's emotional physique and specific on syndrome differentiation and disease treats.

2, the tinea: two song period of the peaceful holy benevolence formulae "and" holy Jackie total record "discusses the tinea, remains largely follows the syndrome of the theory of" epa points, but classification is already simplified. It is worth noting, "no" white tinea. Chen is put forward: "no choice, also saw tinea species though the skin blood... stagnate act, or have a blind; or exercisingvigorously into those kind of infection have each different, rule (well," is divided into three kinds of circumstances concerning the syndrome differentiation and treatment, the song dynasty were the peaceful holy benevolence formulae ", "holy Jackie total record" and "and agent pharmacopoeia etc, all contains a lot of skin disease treatment formulae. Reflects the treatment experience more hasten is rich.

Three, orthopedics

Two song period beginning, cure too much innings sores swollen and fold a pyogenic families, orthopedics formal and surgical sores swollen and listed as medical a foreign branch. Along with the development of this period anatomy, orthopedics theory and clinical diagnosis, all have big development.

(1) the progress of traumatic orthopaedic anatomical physiology:

Two song period of the skeletal system due to human anatomy, physiology know level enhancement, promote the trauma of bone disease diagnosis and treatment. The total record "holy Jackie in" acupuncture door "record GuXiang flat shape long dry bone marrow of how much, in" injury folding door ", further clearly put the limb movement function, must rely on JinRou and bone "binding entangled, if losing the solid" normal "solid" bind al renewal, will lose function. A.D. in 1247 SongHui in the wash, JiLu "in, cause the human skeletal systems of record of human body structure, and main joints, fluctuation bone relations, radial, tibial vertebra, feet peroneal, knee, including meniscus, tectonic had relatively practical writing. Anatomy the advancement of knowledge, and guided the fracture dislocation of the diagnosis and treatment.

(2) the progress: trauma orthopaedic diagnostics

The diagnosis of inspection and critical trauma, this period also have more apparent progress, according to the cause of JiLu wash of the trauma of song dynasty, this paper checking, diagnosing, is paying attention to the size of the force of injury, direction and injury parts, local organizational change, haematoma conditions and limb function, etc, in order to identify injury priorities. The test is hurt experience from clinical medicine and the accumulation of forensic inspection experience of orthopedics, checking, diagnosing trauma has an important value. For example the color of local hematoma injured, the scope, shape, bleeding or not, can judge the size and injury injured violence priorities.

(3) the progress of orthopaedic therapeutic wounds:

Critically, the treatment of traumatic cause in addition to the introduction JiLu "wash ZhangZhongJing artificial breath method, also recommended the wounds of pain Fried hot compress set law; At the end of the summer, with half soap Angle or born ginger, blow nose into juice irrigation uniform, moxibustion navel, or wine adjustable styrax gummi incense WuJue and irrigation cure "shot he dropped", and "play dead heart bottom temperature" if, "" if not cold" the other meat, in addition, the first aid skills in technique and surgery, also have great progress on the treatment, for example, open wound. The song dynasty's early processing, is still using sui and tang debridement method, rejecting a foreign, stressed: "not cold, in natural treats method", with rush pointed white mulberry, or with chopped into lines "stitched wound (see" holy alms JinChuang door) total record ", and all advocate using brine rinse, or burn onion juice besmear wound then coated posted drugs. About BianZhengLun infected wound have noticed the CSP, such as Xie "adopt" shower wash sores laws to remove toxins, swore with knife cut remove necrotic tissue with huoxue drugs to born muscle, and develops gradually convergent, etc and for internal and external and the theory of TDS for fracture, guidance, the reset, fixed technology dislocated more great progress. "Holy alms, total record of wounds folding door" the treatment of fracture dislocation, primary purpose is already known to restore the original anatomy, called "connect reinforcement," when gimmick renewal bone ZhengGu cannot return to anatomy, emphasize open reduction method, due to the progress of the song dynasty anesthetic techniques, surgical level and equipment have needle, line, and dao (the lancet, hook knife), tweezers, cut, cut, pliers, cone, hammer to wait, all have made progress in complex fracture, the open reduction technology, also made development, especially the song dynasty war doctor, have been using the open reduction and chiseled in the treatment of comminuted fracture dead bone, etc. Must also pointed out that China is trauma clinics qi-deficiency therapy treatment technology. One of the specialty For example: drench, iron, for the 熁 paste in song dynasty, accelerate the also has made great progress in the peaceful holy benevolence formulae "account 11 first drench, bath, post 熁 (YinXie, fire forced the meaning of the prescription), paste, choose drugs before the song dynasties except with guangxi and use, Michael essien, pepper, ginger, Xiong, return, zhi besides, still choose the alum, biomechanical grass, set, WuJiaPi, white mulberry, loose section, camphorwood festival, etc, make lotion, called leaching square, to hurt his blood stasis dull pain; Injury, or long reinforced fold bone loss waist knees, joint pain wait for disease which is affirmative action. Meanwhile, three principles of treatment of wounds, namely, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, raise blood to relieve muscle and the kidney (or says the school in the spleen fill this kidney), on the basis of predecessors, and after extensive practice, treatment established in trauma.

Four, gynecology and obstetrics

Song dynasty, clinical medicine developed, gynecology and obstetrics achievement particularly remarkable. The song dynasty cure too much innings, professor has obstetrics and gynecology and obstetrics obstetric dedicated to medical students, promoted the development of the song dynasty obstetrics and gynecology. The famous scientists and obstetrics and gynecology and obstetrics works arise. Traditional Chinese medicine has formed as a door obstetrics and gynecology clinical medical science of independent.

The song dynasty is a significant contribution of obstetrics YangZiJian operators, with the first $10 production theory ", (1098), TaiWei of abnormal were described in detail; Then have lee division st, guo taxation in the yukon treasure in a new collection of 1 (kei (around 12th century), ZhuDuanZhang shares after the health of obstetric prepared vol. 8 (1184), summarizes the song before obstetric clinical experience and newborn son conservation methods, is a precious maternity literature. In addition, there are a JiZhongFu the "female secco 100 q" 2 volumes (1220), this is a comprehensive gynecology and obstetrics works. The famous song dynasty member ChenZiMing, gynecology and scientists is the antidote for the woman, "(1237 nisi, is China's first) comprehensive comparatively perfect obstetrics and gynecology monographs.

(a) the menstrual disorder new insights to:

Zhai bone steaming of labor (TB) cause ChenZiMing amenorrhoea, except for amenorrhoea general with differentiation, given.it or enriching qi herbs, and in the treatment of the disease, the woman daqo prescription of door Zhai, cla explicitly pointed out that, can cause bone steaming completely amenorrhea. It now appears that this and women's reproductive organs of secondary amenorrhea TB causes were extremely similar, and is different from the general amenorrhoea therapies, namely no medicine, and adopts given.it Yin heat medicine. Reflected control original disease, cure for this principle,

(2) delivery treatment:

1, notice observation delivery of maternal mental state labor birth and physically often affect delivery ChenZiMing requirements, the progress of labor birth attendants beginning in labor, not only to pay attention when the fear of childbirth eliminate maternal psychological, and take care of maternal diet nutrition, in order to maintain puerpera physical, waiting for delivery. Chen, in the woman daqo prescription of "to protect pregnant women said:" do not people, to produce baiken coax chuang confused, but with Chou helped line and that woman standing by." Say again: "bitter upset, water BaiMi tone takes a spoon: sleep a hunger, eat mi meters. Don't make a hunger, fear not deficient its force. Strong medicine, earlier than take push, be cautious sit grass." Chen also pointed out that when progresses to amniotic membranes were broken water, son front-man can only formal out the delivery.

2, the application of the rabbit brain preparation of the certificate of materia medica "17 volumes in the taste rabbit beast under the quoted in" experience side, about rabbit's records, brain ecbolic Dan composed and making its drug use was: "ecbolic Dan, rabbit head two, la month take header pulp, coating on the net on paper and make the wind blow dry, lit incense 22. Breaking, into the former dry rabbit encephalon, with research with pork and pills.... like zito big, use paper bags filled. Each store, drafty served in suspension, vinegar, very long did not produce soup with cold wine, more next pills, namely, the fairy square, in rejects check-up". The effective ingredient is mainly rabbit brain; Now experimental proof pituitary glands containing oxytocin after leaves of rhythmic, can promote the role of uterine contraction, injecting oxytocin is still modern obstetrics processing palace malpresentation promote childbirth commonly used special effects preparations. And early in the 11 TCM obstetrics 20th century. It has used the rabbit brain preparations oxytocin, and accumulated a certain amount of experience.

4, to the newborn umbilical cord transversal cut after handling the children of total health micro theory put forward by burger square method of wick moxibustion umbilical cake, processing, in order to prevent neonatal umbilical cord section sores and wind card umbilical cord carbuncle happened. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae in early "(appeared in A.D. 76 992 years), also remember roll a burger umbilical quartet, its drug composition, usage of all the same with. In song dynasty, to the newborn is broken, umbilical cord section after burning disinfection, have considerable experience, and proposes using purpose.

(3) pregnancy contraindication still postpartum common diseases:

1, pregnancy contraindication to avoid abortion, the conservation of the fetus, the ChenZiMing pregnancy drugs clinical research. First of all that pregnant women should avoid drugs poison, citing 60 kinds of pregnancy should taboo drugs. One play laxatives, spits medicine, promoting blood circulation to break the blood medicine and anesthesiologists violent, toxic stronger drugs, etc. Will its into "pregnant women medicine avoid song", make the doctor easily recited, past generation, continue to use up to now, become maternity drug ring rules.

2, ChenZiMing third-trimester vaginal bleeding, the woman daqo prescription of repair foetus door more recorded third-trimester vaginal bleeding. He said: "conceived, full uteruses womb god has provided, pendant, even under womb flapping injury (blood) and not waking".

3, YangZiJian in the ten of dystocia of TaiWei described the earliest caused by abnormal of dystocia, such as horizontal production (shoulder), first DaoChan (sufficient dew dew), slant first produced (first), sit forehead naked in first (buttock naked), hinder production (umbilical cord climb shoulder), dish in producing intestinal uterine prolapse) (. And then the TaiWei becomes with the correction of gimmick, ChenZiMing, the correction woman (recipe, Shanghai health press nisi, in 1956), this quote horizontal bits, umbilical cord climb shoulder turn tire method is as follows:

"The law, who pushed son first body make straight in pushing son with middle finger, general, gradually moab, push on the shoulder and are gradually, the led refers to the ears, but they are climbing. Must make produce mother supine, then push son straight in, slowly is. Wait their body is, contacts are smoothly, Fried ecbolic medicine a lamp, make produce mother ate, just can make hard, make son produced mother. The name in grows the."

"The way the body in the 1800s, said son already are, son iacon already dew. Thus turn head, umbilical cord, so that cannot his shoulders climbing in life. Make WenPo female supine, light hands push upward, according to their middle son, his son shoulder. Still make son cord in the female body is efforts, son, that life."

(4) women each period of women's health: ChenZiMing physiology characteristic certain understanding, pay attention to a menstrual period, pregnancy, in puerperium, breast-feeding women hygiene.

1, menses health women menstrual period, systemic and local resistance is reduced, the pericardium susceptibility. ChenZiMing emphasized the importance of menstrual health, points out: "through, most appropriate and to reason".

2, pregnancy health in order to protect their health and fetal normal development, prevent abortion, childbirth, ChenZiMing emphasize "prenatal first Ann foetuses." And in "will protect pregnant women theory", often prescribed in steps, not sleep more, not enough to eat, drink, cannot random feels ashamed, also do not take liquid form, and shall not load acupuncture and folly in misadventure, request make prenatal up preparations.

3, ChenZiMing think "postpartum postpartum health exhaust gas hemopenia zang-fu organs and ministry of." Emphasize "postpartum first fill falsely." And provides postpartum life daily life matters needing attention. Also puts forward to want to note milk unobstructed, prevent "jealous cream".

Five, the pediatric

QianYi song dynasties, with represented in pediatrics pediatric physicians made outstanding achievements, 11th century the northern song dynasty government set "innings cure too much pulse" namely pediatric little square. Aiming at the social situation, the government also announced some helpful for children to grow up healthy and decrees, dry DE 962), imperial edicts four years (" and ordinary TongKao, not to have yan, sung history "(the forgiveness of TaiZu jamie)); ChunYou nine years (1249) and" young "kindness, adoption road bureau" abandonment of newborn babies. These measures to protect children is a positive.

(a) pediatric works unprecedented rich: this period of the pediatric works quite rich, mainly for the pediatric macula tung brook rush square theory "(1,093); QianYi the pediatric medicine card appropriate tactic "(1,119); YanJiZhong "YanShi pediatric square theory" (1,119); The children ZhangHuan zhongjings prescriptions wonderful choose "(1126); The new book "(a new baby 1150); Anonymous "infantile health total micro theory square" (13 century); ChenWenZhong "infantile blain rash square theory" (13) and the centuries metaphase of pediatric pathogenic party "(1254) field soil of the baby involves LTD, particularly the academic influence QianYi and there is the largest. In addition, the peaceful holy benevolence formulae "and" holy Jackie total record "two also contains rich formulary embody the pediatric content.

(2) the development of pediatric basic theory QianYi in the pediatric medicine, issuing straight tactic "volume in explicitly pointed out that, children have" visceral weak, into but not full, all but not strong ", "not real" qi physiological characteristic, and pediatric diseases "easy to virtual reality after yi yi, yi cold hot" and pathological characteristics in treatment emphasis on "soft" for the principle, gu protect children upright, focuses on children taste and kidney aftercare, oppose "pummeling", "big" and "quite fill." His proposed these theories, for pediatric disease have significant evidence to the clinical significance, and soon accepted for the general physicians, produce very big effect.

(3) pediatric diagnostic technique progress: QianYi combine several brief pediatric pulse and inspection. The children QianYi pulse method reduced to six: namely a cure, gas pulse chords urgent, injury not feed sink duller and alarm promote nasty, wind float, cold heavy fine etc, simplified, convenient clinical use, including "face the inspection lingwai" and "eye inside card", the so-called "face the different parts points in facial syndrome, alleged" orders five zang-organs lesions in testimony "is based on orders color, luster in the diagnosis of five zang-organs unionizing QianYi also pay attention to the cold, combined with other therapies, the complexion of the disease so that more accurate differential diagnosis, like on the body as head QianYi thought disorder and yellow, as if" a true refers to claw are yellow, and yellow, such as house dust urine is lubricious, see things of jaundice, yellow" If "face yellow big belly, eating dirt, thirsty, spleen Gan also"; If "spontaneous and the Da body yellow", where the womb is already will cause the contagious hepatitis yellow head body, intestinal parasitic diseases, newborns jaundice, distinguish quite clear. QianYi proposed the diagnosis method of pediatric clinic, so far there is still a certain reference value.

After the tang dynasty, after ppers.1985 pediatric fingerprint method XuShuWei phuket in the song dynasty recorded by skill party a fingerprint method, the colour and lustre of pediatric tucks accounts with the relationship changes, such as "disease purple wind red typhoid, green surprised when Gan, black white, yellow for evil is trapped in the spleen end", to a new baby, puts forward the new book "is escaping iii, fingerprint method, this it is the finger to the fingers nearly generation meshech respectively called wind shut, gas shut, life pass. Fingerprint color the Lord appeared syndrome disease properties, fingerprint on "three close" predict disease weight, namely wind off disease light, gas off is seriously ill, the life shut critically ill.

QianYi according to neijing and predecessors dialectical theory, this paper proposes about zang-fu viscera dialectics, pediatric organs and some pediatrics disease linked directly, such as the heart Lord surprised, liver advocate wind, spleen Lord trapped, lung, kidney deficiency Lord Lord wheezing. Judging by unionizing semi-interior phase the pathological changes of the zang-fu organs, followed by purging formulated for treatment of law, clinical guidance sent party drug use. Such as the heart hot chek scattered, with liver heat with xie green pills, spleen with xie yellow scattered, heat, deficiency of 6 flavour glutinous rehmannia pixu with nine YongYi yellow scattered, etc. This kind of dialectics, holding Jane yu numerous, teaches, greatly improving the pediatric syndrome differentiation and treatment level.

(4) disease know level: the hemp, acnes, surprised, Gan etc pediatric disease have relatively profound understanding of, QianYi detailed description of the pediatric measles early performance, and pointed out the namely "days do sickness". St total record "think jiqing disease caused by ShiYi" in "or," infantile blain rash square theory "has said is" chi "and hair, because the etiology and pathogenesis and learning, further specify the measles properties and characteristics. In addition, began to notice hair rash of disease in children identification, send rash sexual diseases monograph pediatric macula of "for urgent square, measles and smallpox respectively called DouChuang sores rash and already, in clinical can be clearly to differentiate commonly, in treatment, initial common solutions to watch method, muscle through by lottery, such as measles inside collapse, used the measles and supplement qingrejiedu therapies, torre poisonous gas use hot medicine against indiscretion. Specific drug, choose coriander, cohosh, mustard and guangzhou through rash good effect of drug, and note sick children, all of these nursing dynasties praise highly.

The song dynasty monograph books of disease hair rash, such as "infantile macula prepare urgent square theory", "infantile blain rash square theory), the theory of" infantile blain rash of days. And flowers have discussed with chicken pox can be correctly distinguish the song. Traditionally, the tenth century when China has god Pope inventor blain vaccination against smallpox, successfully performed.

Two song period of JingFeng understanding, has significantly improved, song before, for children twitching kind of diseases associated collectively known as surprised. To the peaceful holy benevolence formulae, song dynasty put forward "volume 83 JingFeng first name, and will JingFeng is divided into two types JiJingFeng, slow, a detailed description JingFeng etiology pathology, etiology JingFeng clinical symptoms, QianYi think about great surprise, except JiJingFeng outside, fever is one of the main reasons. While the slower TuXie mostly is JingFeng after caused by taste empty caustic. As for treatment, the peaceful holy benevolence formulae for JiJingFeng proposed of clear heat, sputum, extinguish wind variable principle. And there QianYi necessary during such as wind, check Chu cutoff therapies such as, detoxification. JingFeng criterion with used to slow for general during. In medicine, the beginning of a new baby book during trial new drug for wild jimson weed, treating pediatric JingFeng added new method.

Six, surgery

Song YuanFeng 1078 ~ 1085) years (classified 9 families, medicine, eye and babbled throat separately, this is ent into families gradually progress and the treatment experience theory is unceasingly rich results. Among them, the progress of ophthalmology, particularly prominent it with unique five rounds eight profile theory and internal and external disabled and eye of 72 card theory marked in produced, and NaZhang, hook needle dial such surgery cut needle sickle concrete operation gimmick is tang dynasty had greater progress. The song dynasty and the variety of recipe books of "eyes kelon wood more summary records a lot of ent prescriptions for posterity, including some of its extensive attention the facial square.

(a) five rounds of the doctrine of eight profile form

Five rounds of the theory originates from the spirit of "atlas and confused about this and viscera, the eyes of the song dynasty in both medical records. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae, such as the theory of "liver eye shall be recorded in fancy, disease, should be in the blood (round). Spleen disease, should be in meat wheel, lung disease, should that chakras, kidney disease should be in turbine. But at the moment, five rounds of the pupil eye belong to god, since only more clearly, the rest eye. There are missing each wheel The theory of "includes the eye kelon wood differ album song is a former eye writings, its" nanjin "according to examination due to a book in northern song dynasty, the festival" five rounds in "two songs about this disease bits of eyelid of the peaceful holy benevolence formulae have added. At the end of the song, YangShiYing RenZhai squarely square "beginning will belong to the clear eye five rounds for:" eye of up to five "are those of chek lap kok heart, the eyeful of lung, the white eye eye circle of uzziah, its fluctuation liver big meat of spleen, two cell among those little black pupil like paint, kidney, Lord of reality of affliction, and later its identity get ophthalmology five rounds will be the main content of the theory basic fixed down.

In the three overburdened by extremely a disease and syndrome square theory) first mentioned in the book, eight profile this name, "remains light that eye kelon wood, with eight profile in collection of songs, including relevant springs, raising the list of eight profile name, and respectively with the small intestine, associated tri-jiao etc. YangShiYing zang-fu organs and the death of jaipur squarely with the same party also eight profile, but the content of a famous fashion without early stages.

Five rounds in eight profile theory discussed the relationship and splanchnic, eye for the use of TDS eye disease positioning etc have played a positive role.

(2) eye disease classification and know level obviously improved

Internal and external disabled and 72 card is the song dynasty appear eye disease two eye disease concept. The esoteric, eye kelon wood theory of "72 card square, outside NaZhang, summarized the barrier as all disease classification program. It according to different parts of the disease, mainly in return for the pupil of god NaZhang sickness, occurring in cell eyelid, two angular, white, black eye to eye disease to the disabled, formed a kind of controlling the disease holding Jane soldano classification method. Internal and external disabled theory of later generations eye affected.

72 card is the song dynasty eye disease produced another kind of eye disease in concept, it eye sore 72 common after the song dynasty established in the eye disease Lord clues. Produced in "esoteric" the eye kelon wood therewithal 72 card square theory ", "NaZhang 23 card, which will be naked eye can know of various eyes (lens) change be basic summary and far-reaching influence that later basically all follow its said. 49 of the disabled, the black eye disease syndrome and cell eyelid disease most. Take "white barrier (corneal ulceration), crab sun-and-rain (iris), mix emergence sun-and-rain (corneal essence moxibustion) and pour lashes and storm guest hot (acute meningitis), eyelid corn (born wind is the book chlamydia trachomatis) record and continue the first ever outside common eye diseases.

(3) ent square and accelerate the research

The song dynasty collected a variety of recipe books, as well as the "prescriptions ent of eye kelon wood records of ophthalmic designed square, display drugs already attention began rules, from regulating zang-fu function to formula, the theoretical level and clinical effect relatively before was improved obviously, produce a batch of for the facial square dynasties full-grown. Such as "alms of born party xanthium scattered, for hundreds of years for treatment of with nasal confusius, this period square, animal liver with orally and treatment has been night blindness cangzhu highly, accelerate the research is another important song dynasty facial features. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae for the needle dial of CiZhen sickle and the hook in law is a detailed discussion, explicitly pointed out that, "disabled" pannus into, the grass in the stone, only having a reactive healing effect. "the is to dial (WangHuaiYin etc of the peaceful holy benevolence formulae, P915 3 (first-class, the people's medical publishing house, 1982), to all kinds of performance and relevant cataract NaZhang needle dial the needle into the department turns outside angular, nose (side), the needle into the gimmick, needles down feeling, into the needle into the ryugyong juice the direction of god as the pupil operation process and surgery for early introduced care, medical literature records the most detailed. The book to hook cut of treatment, and line pterygia intraoperative stripping, don't hurt and black as sun-and-rain, must cut, to "fire ironing cut its potential" to the key points and recurrent pterygia operation is also extremely thoughtful understanding.

Seven, kouqiangke

The song dynasty is fine with branch invention, understanding and treatment of the disease also constantly improved. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae "and" holy Jackie total record "in this aspect of the reflects the main achievements. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae, volume 34, 36 monograph of the mouth, tine, lip, tongue, carrying more than 500 first zhongjings prescriptions. The total record "holy alms within five volumes more to the length of oral diseases monographs.

(a) the deepening understanding babbled disorders

If KouChuang one certificate before qing dynasty diarrhoea notice more real hot glove. Strict with cold saline with and sent black tin Dan and ideas in town, calming Dan fell on the treatment of virtual hot tapping KouChuang, open KouChuang deficiency syndrome later became the vanguard of treatment. "Sue shen splurge" also within John KouChuang noticed insomnia and the onset of relations, said: "the wind KouChuang do not lose sleep all night, and KouChuang lost sleep," (song's increase, ShenKuo: "su shi, within seven splurge" volume, John guangxu emperor imitation discontent versions), modern medicine jaipur a recurrent oral ulceration of that disease, neurological and psychiatric factors for one of the incentives.

(2) babbled care

Famous scholars put forward the song to prevent caries su the role of tea, modern medicine experiments are contained in tea, so have more fluorine progresses, prevent mouth with, antiseptic antiphlogistic mohan. In addition, the peaceful holy benevolence formulae brushing potter "point out sooner or later them. The peaceful holy benevolence formulae, carrying medicine plasters tooth law: CNN branch, and willows SangZhi Fried water boil cream, into the ginger, asarum, etc, the teeth every use brush is today the prototype of drug toothpaste in song dynasty, has plant hair toothbrush. Song of ZhouShouZhong "health, compiling" : "cover son are brushing the mawei". In Europe, about 500 years after expanding phytic wool toothbrush with the same. Keep records week

(3) medical technology progress

1, teeth replantation of technology "holy Jackie total record" have treat teeth, to shake off the Kennedy complex Ann, scattered square: "tooth gear down, the hot sticky only scallop, gear, 5 stuck medicine uer. A month, not to chew on something hard." This is our country the earliest known about the implant prescription and surgical records.

2, denture repair lu you (1127 ~ 1209) poem late in the age of the nexus has: "predict" the past to lose my quick, dye must be kind of tooth smile crazy "of people sentences. And since note cloud: "JinWen have medical to make up for fall for providers." gear And LouYao (1137 contemporaries lu you in the work ~ 1213) Kui set, the extreme of teeth in a van, among which there are the ChenSheng, who performed the world, the better the tooth of a disease, easy with new, just a marionette, make the person lifelong the plait bei beauty "of the sentence. This is our country the earliest record of the relevant denture repair.

3, bone, the yi dynasty HongMai bypass Kennedy YanSu volunteer "load: with the wife of mandibular last long, because not more, XiaKe and jaw to fall off. The doctor for its made transplant, postoperative revived for more than 20 years. This is our country the earliest record of relevant bone graft.

Eight, acupuncture

Acupuncture in two song period in China has a great development, is a new milestone in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this period appeared to the world-famous acupuncture tong ren and "tong ren by acupuncture and figure of feishu. Two song of acupuncture literature monographs have affected nearly 10, the comprehensive remedies theory acupuncture, such as "holy more total record" in unified jiqing supersession permutation order, for the theory of meridian, systematic and methodical standardization laid the foundation; And acupuncture experts and general medical and long acupuncture, including those influenced more WangWeiYi, XuShuWei there affecting WangZhiZhong, sinus village, e.g., WenRen seniors, zhuang many physicians in the contribution of acupuncture, they two song development, to a new stage.

(a) the development of acupuncture and doctrine and theory

WangWeiYi in acupuncture clinical and teaching, attaches great importance to the standardization of the meridian, A.D. 1206 he wrote into the "tong ren book feishu by acupuncture and figure, the next year they presided over the acupuncture tong ren two more foundry. "On the" feishu acupuncture graph, were recorded three volumes, including green feishu 1352 a spirit, jue Yin yu, LingTai anointed blind yu Yang, such as new hole, the acupuncture point area is increased, adopt the acupuncture points arrangement by party a and party b and the daughter of the long, namely of party a according to the row by row 14 meridians circulation, roll like volume 1 2 also have limb by sequence, according to the twelve meridians will human into chen-zun-shu and volts, side, are four face narrative, head, neck, shoulder and side face, lateral limb, side by side, then discussed such areas. According to the document with adult male body, copper, bronze, the body shell can be removed, XiongFuQiang can open, lumen the derrnatopathy visible; Surface is carved 14 meridian line line, and resolutely prepared on acupuncture channels acupoints and leah body cavity are interlinked, teaching, students and learning acupuncture is acupuncture the meridian entry points basis; When the exam, surface coating wax, make Li points, meridian coating, after which that is wax caities which act to inject again in transport, and mercury (said to be injected water), acupuncture, choose tried in hole, the needle wrong if location, if not the right location, the water or mercury from dial in the needle injection after needle. Can make acupuncture gained popularity promotion, he will also "GangRen by acupuncture and field of feishu engraved on tablets, set in every wall, yan chai temple walls, remaining a wall a roll of the hole is another moment count" a roll astringing DaXiangGuo temple, standing with add wide spread.

WangZhiZhong writes the acupuncture endowment the jataka he very the attention of supersession textual research, die caities which act, location, and learning from, acupuncture and moxibustion taboo depth, thorn's minority by the hole etc. Are all using ancient records to analysis and comparison, and proposed own view. Langevin standardization of collects by contributions.

"Holy Jackie total record" though not acupuncture monographs, but the author of meridian permutation order, meridians and made a bigger feishu relationship, not only will adjust feishu 354 all meridians, and 14 ownership according to the spirit of non-chinese barnado, the meridians ", in accordance with the direction of walking meridians to rearranged by eight veins skilling outside du meridian except as pulse belongs vis-a-vis six points, though still explains part of the rankings supersession inconsistent with the meridians circulation line distribution, but overall, the systematization and standardization for the meridian laid the foundation for greater influence, later.

(2) the development of clinical acupuncture

Born in the capital WangZhiZhong diameter of acupuncture and moxibustion vaious immunity-lower disease 195 kind of CPC monographs and its subsidiary each disease, and develop the tang dynasty thought which the sun simiao needle medicine in the treatment of disease, books and user everywhere. Needle medicine WangZhiZhong to moxibustion narrative also quite rich, has four flowers acupuncture point method, moxibustion hemorrhoid method, moxibustion bowel wind method, etc.

In addition, the song dynasty in its emphasis on moxibustion lawmaker and specialization, and expanded the caster meridan moxibustion in clinical treatment of application. In its Yin madly uncle micro with moxibustion, moxibustion kidney issuing such guidance, Yang to Yin disease turn abdominal pain, a cover-up deep weathering and asymptotic cover-up for special moxibustion sank trapped syndrome has good curative effect, southern DouCai is biased toward moxibustion necessary of the physicians. He used clinical attention spleen and kidney, wont moxibustion life pass, close yuan to make up for, spleen and kidney, the purpose is helped Yang, will moxibustion alexa moxa mentioned a considerable height. In addition, he will also moxibustion use the preventive care, proposed often moxibustion close yuan, air sea, lives in wan to jailed, health habits.

During the song dynasty in moxibustion primarily a famous physicians still in WenRen cascc herein and phan. In the old WenRen "prepare urgent moxibustion", describes as YongJu twenty-two disease and syndrome, bowel carbuncle, help rid boils, unexpected heartache, urinate impassability, drowning, hanged himself in the moxibustion treatment such as will moxibustion promotion to swift card therapies, thus has distinguishing feature very much, and the disease moxibustion are illustrated, popularizing moxibustion have positive role, including such as childbirth moxibustion to Yin a method, has been expanding applied to TaiWei dishonorable to pregnant women have higher rates of the womb that actually turn with the value of reliable.

(3) massage art in folk circulates

Song dynasty, because suffer the feudalism fetter, massage in tang dynasty, intraoperative prosperous than the song cure too much innings has canceled massage families, the more influence the development of its operation. But because the check, then massage art by people, and cheap, and the trust in the folk circulates still wide, especially the self massage art attention, this period massage treatment of intraoperative began in pediatrics development, which are reflected in official and private writings.

If song dynasty "holy Jackie total record", "in" the peaceful holy benevolence formulae are performed on the record, the former massage with the method described in treating pediatric disease anointed, the latter to press and the differences and indications of both the detailing. Folk of fashion guiding, massage material also quite rich, such as medical PangAn commonly used gimmick with selling us huma rights between the ShangWen lumbar abdomen process a lying-in woman, make dystocia seven has given birth to a son, maternal mother peace; and Another folk doctor zhao three weng, often with massage for inheritance is "... massage, disease made the "etc. In the medical record on the people said he massaging with bamboo, each sit on the ground is buy bamboo the raising of the foot rub roll, cured fracture to hamstring contracture of the sequela, besides can stretch like massage springs, to keep the body healthy hole method, and dysentery don't dye claimed two palms, make the hot friction with the face, wiping the hair, eyes, "a sheen, knit spot not life", "hair not white" etc, also for folk commonly used self massage care.

(serial, to be continued)