Liao, xia, TCM history (72) (era) series

The first quarter with medical education medical system

One, the medical system

(a) palace's medical system and medical administration facilities

1 and medical institutions liao take "official points north and south" binary system. North officer: put cure too much innings, deputy bureau, by the bureau and all that tooth (Lin Lin teeth means the academician bachelor) chief medical administration affairs. Set the academician courtyard south officer: physician, lifting the academician, academician the physician, palm medical and cap for which the edict liao disease. The physician's establishment and product are racing is unknown.

Jin Settings too hospital, belong to XuanHui court. The name originated too hospital jin. Buy raise a point, and the court FuShi, the judge, was in charge of the medicine, leadership too hospitals. And in a tube hook, are in the cure too much, vice ChangHang cure too much temple, cure too much position, also has a cure too much instructors. Cure too much of that first tasted rank 25.

Royal physician: queen mother two palace, with medical make, medical lol, the queen has Zhuan, under a palm Zhuan each 1 member in liquid form feels ashamed, palm wine vegetable diet matters. The physician is medicine bureau, too by hospital cure too much concurrently, east taizi bits has in medicine, medicine, waitresses in medicine pile. GongRen female officer put SiYao, Canon medicine, palm medicine, NvShi each 2 people, palm medicine.

The yuan dynasty the highest for independence too hospital medical institutions, rank is 2 to taste, palm palaces, leading subordinate medical issues, its duty the forehead, medical post since ZhongTong reign (1260) since, by the changes, to cure repeatedly two years (1322 set-net court) is a TongZhi 2 to 12 member, member, frugal court 2, 2 member with waste and the court sentenced to 2 member, experience, 2 member that 2 member, according to grind simultaneously cheng hair frame cabinet library, and make one member, translation eight member history, history of printed 2 2 member know TongShi 2 member, member of propaganda that 7 members. To yuan twenty years (1283) too hospital medical prison (is changed to still four product), twenty-two years (1285) after for too hospital.

DianYiJian Li gentile, what court. Leadership east big medical, mixing into a prince of the drugs for, to yuan 1359 (1282) buy Canon medical department (positive five product). Day two abundant (1329) calendar DianYiJian (are still instead of LuHua expanded), a red 2 member, qing 3 member, eunuch 2 member, eager 2 member, experiences, prophetic each 1, member of 18 members. All publicans Subordinate organ has wide Jackie lifting bureau, pharmacy and Canon do Canon pharmacy.

Moreover, in some central authority also equipped with the physician in charge of the unit, medical and health work, such as the book province three people with province, the privy council Chambers medical YuShiTai buy medical 2 people, Taiwan 2, jiangnan the medical YuShiTai also buy Taiwan at medical, bulk government buy medical man 1 person.

2, drug agency, liao north officer. The account department ChengYing that own a small bottom innings, liquid form small end, consecrate royal drug issues. Within the province, south of the waitresses, buy a liquid form innings, deeds are bit as herb tea etc.

Jin drug agency for pharmacy and royal medicine is both YuXuan Li day courtyard, badge of court. Still medicine innings, palm fruit matters, harpstrings soup herbal tea according to its function is not drug specialized agencies. Setting, propose some, bureau FuShi, straight long, all the prison, the prison, fruit such as with prison ministry level.

Royal drug court, palm, MingChang five years into the royal herb tea 1194) buy, set (bit, straight long to cronies, and within the poet filled with all prison, as the prison, etc.

The yuan dynasty drug agency for royal drug court, to yuan six years (1269), was FanGuo partner and established the tribute drugs, drug preparation and boiled medicine. The physician for a LuHua red 1, member of FuShi 3 2 member, ambassador straight long 1 member, member, prison 2 member.

Do pharmacy and Canon medicine ceremonies with DianYiJian belongs to gianluca things courtyard, two frames are management east a prince of the drug agency, the former palm consecrate, the latter palm preparations.

In addition, and reign (1308) establish royal sweet innings, palm modulation royal various fragrant medicine.

The yuan dynasty used by the ruling classes of drugs in accordance with each year, around township gong producing secco charge.

(2) local medical system and medical administration facilities

1, medical administration management institutions

Liao, lack of local medical organization reseatch record. The yuan dynasty in henan, jiangsu, jiangxi, HuGuang, shaanxi province and some way from five to yuan for twenty-five years (1288) set the physician, 5 provinces and lifting company with larger files, road for lifting, deputy lifting each 1 part. Lk as outsiders, vice lifting or files for Titus, was in charge of the officers learn medical households, etc, the rest of the provinces lawsuit scattered officer, who buy cure too much 15 bands.

2, drug facilities

Yuan dynasty to yuan a decade (1274) established in pharmacy Augustan mostly (Beijing) and all the medical (Aaron) drugs. Buy LuHua red, bureau of greatness, FuShi 1305), nine years (often use on drug charge innings storehouse matters. HangQie drugs of drug administration by royal consisted of drug administration do royal LuHua red in charge of setting FuShi etc, ambassador, position.

(3) medical institutions and relief facilities

1, all kinds of medical institutions

Jin in some way, states have medical institutions, buy medical is, YiGong, apparently set to local officials.

Wide hui company and Moslem drug court is the medical organizations use Arabic medicine. To set up seven years ($127) company, Whitaker Li too wide, hiring Arab doctor, hospital specializing in machining processing cycle drugs and regulate treatment imperial guard and living mostly each accommodation poverty that solitary. Asher lifting work, its official part by change, repeatedly after quota for 11. To twenty-nine years (1292) and $are mostly and in each set up one works drug court, palm and pharmacy. To put to two years (1322) dial hui Li wide sauce. LuHua chek set-net reaches 10 member, ambassador 2 member, FuShi 1 part.

2, relief organizations

Jin imitates the song system of innings, does a huimin, palm preparation of sales in liquid form and giving medicine civilians. With around temples are pharmacy and giving to medicine, medical relief the poor sickness people. The poor medical institutions, with wide Jackie lifting company and huimin innings. Wide Jackie chan Li division, proprietor DianYiJian, palm thing court drug preparation, heap the poor sickness people. Buy LuHua red 1 member of lifting, proprietor, with each one member, vice lifting.

ZhongTong designed two years (1261) Settings, bureau of ZhongTong huimin mostly in four years (assessed) has established huimin sauce. Then each also has huimin innings, poor medical ill give for free medicine, funds in accordance with the people into rank dial elihu amount in knots. These measures, or more bureaucracy corruption due in tatters.

Second, medical education

(a) the medical education institutions and the system

1 of education institutions and medical gold for medical education institutions too hospital. The yuan dynasty too hospital have no medical teaching function, with only medical management and regulations issued by etc, the education institutions, yuan central medical history of the load, be like without not seen the Settings.

2, medical branch jin medical points, 10 families, details beyond JiKao. The yuan dynasty medical divided into 13 families: generous veins, miscellaneous medical, small FangMaiKe, wind division, obstetrics, ophthalmology, mouth, dental, throat section, is a JinChuang orthopedics, section, acupuncture, wish, the forbidden by secco branch.

3, assessment, rewards and punishment system jin medical students in grades monthly exam time, quality, even expulsion give rewards and punishments. Cure too much test three years time, medical students who study achievement is admirable, the examination also can substitute, try to the healing for folk.

The yuan dynasty to medical students and teaching staff, evaluation, then investigate the worked by medical lifting company every year 13 families difficult topic, submissions too hospital medical professor, make forwarding each medical students learn righteousness in accordance with type a, a month end medical record company, submitted by medical lifting examines medical students study results. In addition, this medicine professor would have issued three ways, the topic of year-end answers when submitted shall be separately and record them, to assess its too hospital, is suitable for the job.

(2) local medical education institutions

1 and administrative management institution, yuan to yuan nine years (1272) established company, specializing in medical files management education, its function is medical examines various medical students' academic study result, examine cure too much instructor teaching effect, collating medical writer text, identify medicinal materials, teach cure too much from his brother, leadership everywhere, setting up lifting 1 medical deputy lifting 1 member, member, the establishment of medical lifting company, shows the yuan dynasty rulers attention and also reflects medical education of medical education management system is being perfected.

2, place in medical school, jin state, mansion medical schools, medical students with less, such as its daxing mansion 30 people, the rest of the Beijing mansion 20 people, 16 people scattered mansion festival town, defense states 10 people.

Kublai Khan designed in east-zhejiang ZhongTong made soon, namely 1262 cataract) build the old three years (the various medical education is lax, each medical set by the court, professor 1 member appointed, learn record, learning is each 1 part. In a study is prepared under state by too hospital, one member appointed. Oracle 1 member schools for counties by various medical professor, selecting, all kinds of medical students have the public course meal q ", "difficult", the root of Chinese magnoliavine was ranked. According to different professional learning "and" the holy Jackie total record, and add acquisition of different volume in treatise on febrile disease and "a thousand of JinYiFang greatness nine years (1305), who must be proficient in the four books prescribed. Whoever does not adept at undergraduate course, not by the certificates, and will try practicing process for examination system.

(serial, to be continued)