Liao, xia, TCM history (81) (era) series

Eight, a forensic

(a) the inspection

1, the early yuan inspection rules for the inspection laws in yuan dynasty, the curse Kublai Khan to yuan RMB, including five years (assessed) mentioned problems in testing, and make a series of regulations:

(1) inspection officer: this place appointed by GuanMin chief executive body, if sir occupy, appoint the rest palace examination.

(2) mandated to inspection: immediately after the cult history, company collectors led WuZuo pedestrians accustomed, faithfulness, whether near-far ripe to morgue place. U-right convened corpse kiss, neighbors, Lord the first undertake examining.

(3) inspection: the inspection officer WuZuo pedestrians in public surveillance teach others by your one should carefully examine, bloody injury for the set hold key deadly.

(4) issued a statement: WuZuo pedestrians and no leak down false GanJie; Inspection officers the Ming inspection is real, the report this place the lawsuit.

(5) review: review WuZuo officers, pedestrian, should avoid initial certification staff, in accordance with the inspection and provide agent in knots.

The above provisions that inspection system and the yuan dynasty song dynasty, significantly difference is required inspection officer teach others by your inspection, the yuan dynasty is changed by monitoring, inspection officer teach others by your WuZuo autopsy, and issue the bond. In the Chinese forensic JianYanShi is a notable changes.

2, examining corpse French inspection corpse, say again corpse account, French inspection system is the yuan dynasty, an important provisions YuDaDe eight years (1304) issued by the ordinances · series volume five $"). This document is the main advantages of the autopsy case orders will be the song dynasty, check and inspection are back (humanoid figure, three autopsy files for a simplified, take three long, to its complicated place, such as the song dynasty check shape includes four dead corpses, prosecutors seam is only two French fits supine. No matter the autopsy files with the song dynasty or with qing dynasty's corpse lattices, corpse figure than, it is concise, briefly and the typical appearance inspection results and conclusions recorded the inspection, the legal effectiveness corpses files with today's appraise quite.

The influence of French by corpse is profound, applied in China to qing dynasty in north Korea to the early 20th century, at the beginning of the mark in the application (still honor chinese-foreign medical, parent of SGT 1929:).

Three, in perfect inspection law issued by the greatness of inspection laws for eight years, henan provinces, jiangxi, fujian way for example, points out that testing various existing illegal phenomenon in by "close to people, the official, not heavy, often with lives to make the corpse change, defer to" pack knead corpse shape, weight, might. "feeling disadvantages multiterminal In order to prevent the occurrence of this kind of phenomenon, one is issued "dead," a French by a set of inspection laws is.

4 and initial after inspection asana early yuan dynasty complex inspection asana is another important document, the detection of the dead in the unknown, detailed issued the content contained in the holy toward awarded in "new cases came, the cause, no record of grid cases with" early seventeenth JianYanGuan rodman type "complex, both content basic same, but have differences, illustrates this document issued by have more than once.

Can be seen from the content, early after inspection asana equivalent to fill in "the manual by French" dead, i.e. a post-mortem guide, appearance for inspection officers are instruction value.

(2) the forensic science achievement

In song dynasty, forensic achievement of the yuan dynasty based on forensic had again development, its main achievements in three aspects: one is the promulgation of the corpses of French by scientifically and implementation, simplify the tedious inspection corpse files, and later the inspection documents or for the sample; 2 it is the cause of record of published without cause, "no records of the famous international, one of the three dynasties inspection record, journal of king and compiled to big reign (1308), its main achievement in medical writing under item will be introduced; Three is Confucianism collectors exam program (three jung: sino-foreign medical parent of the 1929:506), and further demonstrates the motherland issued by forensic in living and material evidence inspection achievements.

Confucianism collectors exam program called final type, promulgated in yuan zhen three years (1297). The article is divided into 24 characters, each word mean part, plan 118. Forensic related with total 4 words (corpse, injury, illness, and content) program is the Confucian collectors, 53, the ShuLi rulers copywriter for exam program is government regulations of people punishment cases reported, and its general conclusion to recruitment of Confucianism, in order to achieve the copywriter publicans is unified. The "corpse" test program, "equivalent of body check wounds, disease" two parts, "equivalent of liing check things" equivalent to material evidence, such, test program check in the world's first proposed the modern three components - forensic corpses, living and material evidence, is the cause of the JiLu wash to world "after, another forensic science significant contribution.

Confucianism collectors exam program reflects the yuan dynasty main achievements forensic science have the following:

1, living damage inspection principle exam program as a routine inspection report format, requirements accurately recorded the nature of liing damage, record the existing site, size and degree, and the nature of presumption weapon, meaningful is about the damage degree of records, such as eye damage, one saw two cases already loss, "the eye not winding down, all the water god thing, long unbearable healing", belong to the "blind can soothe a glance"; Secondly see "pupil losses, micro see things, already Miao" belongs to the eye Miao an item, according to this damage degree examination, can according to the criminal punishment, such as impose corresponding Miao an item, ACTS year; Blind an item cannot soothe, who ACTS for three years.

This program written in liing damage format, is testing so far the earliest known format, it marks the liing damage in ancient China inspection has laid a good foundation, especially from the test cases can see, koo, came to the method of inspection after deadline, will examine the extent of the injury koo whether soothe. If not, but make sure its degree when disabled, waste disease still belongs to the law, so that press CDC tuk, little. This contact the koo inspection reports is the first found, have very important medical and the significance of forensic science.

2, the exam program, micro-material evidence material is mainly a weapon, described in detail the inspection they confiscated, brick, clubs, hand knife, bows and arrows, determine its nature of such as whether belong to implement, can be imperial life caused, the vivid shows that China's ancient inspection methods of weapon. Noteworthy and poisons, hair and teeth about the inspection report, these are the earliest Chinese ancient material evidence inspection report, toxicology tests, only in the past Chai, LuanBai check that silver poisoned method, the program is inspection records, combining with the poison itself materia medica, judgement whether its toxic records, the scientific far outweigh the former two methods in toxicology tests, which have important significance.

(serial, to be continued)