Liao, xia, TCM history (83) (era) series

Section 7 minority history of medicine

A, CangYiXue

In the eighth century CangYiXue laid a solid foundation, this and then political and economic situation are closely related. The unity of the tubo dynasty, from the king to ChiSong DE praise of the ruling 200 years hidden social economy development, between height, the political situation for the development of CangYiXue stable, provides a fairly good conditions.

In hong period in daxing dharma. Bangladesh, o monks DiXia except outside, he also engaged in observing law.it India in Tibet ancient medicine, impart India's "medicine in person, CangYiXue eight teams for the development of" the very obvious influence, since he had compiled "head injury fixed surgical treatment" and so on the work, also be this period a feature of the development of medicine.

This period, Tibetan medicine has several features that deserves special mention.

First, is relatively abundantly translation Indian medical works. Appeared a famous Tibetan translation of division, SangBo (los green RenQin 1,055), he 958 ~ DiXia brings the books, Tibetan, these books have translated ancient Indian medical book "and eight support set" moonlight "comment monographs, in addition, important Indian medical book" eight teams since note "also sets will be guaranteed by Tibetan translator ning, RenQin, PE lattice, baal tamar canute robust, benefit must be hot, pearl also XiaJiaLuo guge RON manasseh with tianzhu WaErMa cooperation of heshbon scholars common translate. Through these activities, the ancient Indian medical school of the eight teams started circulating in Tibet content, and combined with the inherent CangYiXue, RenQin SangBo still developed many disciple, become the Tibetan surgeon, including those for karzai, DE Santiago mother released lian yi west poor but, we arnett, mann, the awn wood mann honour. In these 4, among the most prominent arista wood mann, the guard and Tibetan areas for doctors come to worship him in these disciple of judges, more well-known khaki ji, mans, and he and his disciple ring, JiChiWei's west cloth soil jointly compiled some medical works, including, "knowledge general building top flash", "understand section content" and "eliminate key stage knotty ray wheel", "eight teams detailed explanations pearl strings mean details Ben slightly this", "the old woman was handed down, directly teaching practice of dew drops, etc. The disciple generation by their friends again write many medical CangYiXue get some, make the development, here it is worth mentioning a disciple hidden behind two training of GongBu compiles "manasseh minutes", "right"; The Brazilian XiangXiong handed disciple again around the walter (also named exam los jeb), the Buddha sum taught "etc., vaults, behind Mr. Tuo, its successor add honk the range is very wide.

Secondly, it is about the new unearthed remedies appear ceaselessly, in the Tibetan area, from its hiding place of the excavated skulls called "volt 1996-2 issue or hide". Relevant "volt hide" reason, different versions, in short, is to be in more ChiSong DE buried after him, this period has many books, written the tubo dynasty has constantly been excavated. One such as where the district to dig out the essence made padmasambhava in Los Angeles of dew bottles, where the spear pierced unearthed anointed food regimen square, "in place of the pharmaceutical fan unearthed in rhone dew of Aquarius, where the son of life-saving dew unearthed and so on, but the most significant when pushed out from under the vase samy column ChiSong DE praise period buried the four medical classics.

Yu tuo as-samawal with his medical skills, as well as in India, Nepal and other countries when the study of accumulated experience, the four medical classics made very thorough investigation and study. As the book into later, with the change of social experience in Tibet, has passed four centuries. There are many new books, the character was published, experience is very much also. So, he told the old yu tuo's books made some comments supplements and modification, make its content more substantial. In order to carry forward the four medical classics of the upanishads, yu tuo as-samawal wrote himself some works, including the four renewal close reading ", "100,000 of the fist healing. He revised by the four medical classics has become the four medical classics offspring of stereotypes.

Finally, this is one history stages of development of medicine, dynasty of issachar by chang dean family medicine for its outstanding characteristic accomplishments. Chang dean family shackled medical record for the secret tactic of dew guiding the canal, then finishing a text materials, says into the "chang Ed rolls", "red volume". After several generations, to the 13th century, the development of chang Ed to follow in his father's footsteps with peja mulberry cloth, practice medicine of eight teams in the text and comments. He has written the subsequent five department practice curls ", "cure", and in pediatric demons award there were the four medical classics medical eight PCS, etc teachings. His youngest son name put Ed class Chandigarh auspicious is this period concerning the influential Tibetan famous doctor. He CangYiXue for this period of development to make many contribution, merit, his medical literature wuliang size eighteen species, including a famous has "the eight teams by righteousness", the general medical outline · knowledge article "and" release the window to Myra ah ", "fundamental renewal, YiMing window comment", the renewal, follow-up note choose to release three Richard the Ming hui ", "the pulse of guangzhou-foshan note sunshine", "meaning interpretation of water injection with the precious", "the follow-up dispensing case diagram", "a body cavity location line distribution beacon", etc. And the anatomy beacon journal, drug blueprint ", etc. Among them in addition to the four medical classics of creative comments and play outside, for human anatomy and drug maps of originality, compiling for the later development of Tibetan and made important contributions.

Chang dean, baden jie praise is put cuo auspicious nephew spots. He gets from the latter's instructive and six white formula, gather and together, compiled the know-how enterprise "and" silver rise ", is also the important period of issachar works.

In addition to chang dean family, this period beyond of the physicians should also mention ali mans the garyu 6.1% Emma let poor 1339) behind (1284 ~. He has written a "types the sea", is the classic of the encyclopedia of materia medica works, of drug-loading 830 for generations, its highly, often be references. In addition, 迵 Tibetan sixth round MuNiu hiding area was born in AngRenXian walter edge of the kirgiz TangDongJie wave (pull 1361 ~ in 1485), lifelong career dedicated, wholeheartedly for Tibetan, copper east of auspicious beauty spot wisdom plunge ba (1375 ~ 1451), with the infant disease treatment ", "son disease treatment lotus Jane chain"; 1405 reach warehouse translation RenQin also around the teacher association have included the total righteousness, medical potency the greybeards meaning happy "and practical drug selected works" instant solutions ", "wenhui club" etc., are very influential CangYiXue works.

Second, Mongolian medicine

Due to the lack of documentation, the history of medicine on the early have difficult to make the system the research, currently only a few stray fragments as early Mongolian history records, the reference.

About in han dynasty, Mongolian ancestors will make extremely crude MaoAn, Mongolian called "a thatched Ann Nebraska" (the Mongol secret history of Inner Mongolia culture press, 1984, MengWen edition, article 27), this is people to escape the beast attack in branch build cabin. Later, gradually transition to suit the nomadic life felt bag (namely yurt), caravan.contact swindle.

For environmental health, at that time know already keep Wells, milking field nearby health, is prohibited in the nearby defecate indiscriminately.

In personal hygiene, Mongolian people also knew washing hands and face, who get up early will first washing hands and face, eating before also request washing hands and face, go out every man takes chopsticks. In the 13th century or so, people have wear gauze mask habits (the travels of Marco Polo 833pp, 1955,34 pages), in crowded horsemeat, wash your hands before requirements, milking barrels also requires boiling water wash.

As medicine and health habits of bud and medical knowledge also accumulated. Should say, this period by still lack of medical system theory knowledge, while only preliminary theory bud.

The fourteenth century, the life of ancient India vedic medical certain content as input to Inner Mongolia buddhist sutra, such as India's "by" is at this time at heshbon by the famous monk lattice, cloth, translators Uighur and referring to the Tibetan and translations. In this thesis, the very popular for the 24th chapter eight vedas regimen. Among them: "treatment Hector in (gas) disease, sheila (bravery) disease, Sparta dry (phlegm) disease and poly (disease" content, this shows that was already has the reason of medical content into print. The buddhist scriptures of the three kind of illness in the treatment of these diseases attack time, the performance of the drug, savour, 6 (namely India's six seasons) disease, also have involved, meanwhile, the ancient India's four elements theory, namely earth, water, fire, wind also follows. These finally and Mongolian medicine simple theory together, become the most basic by medicine theoretical content.

During this period, the actual medical treatment by medical accumulated abundant experience. Although shamanism wizard then still mastering certain medical technology, as they make a living, but the means of folk and professional or in practice and disease, make struggle by medical content are enriching. These medical practice experience to roughly as follows this several aspects:

(a) the diet:

Mongolian ancestors were the nomadic life, their food from time immemorial to animal food is given priority to, the main one is the meat and milk feed, meat and milk food has a high nutritional value. What's more notable is that they save, making the technology for improving food & body nutrition, improve physical function. According to history records, the Mongolian ancestors xiongnu people as early as the han dynasty had already know, brewed yogurt and manufacturing cheese with cheese treatment of acute one. This method in folk also are popular.

Mongolian source of ancient times have "disease; medicine, food source of flung, 100 Fried water." Proverb. 100 Fried water is boiling over by more than that of boiling water. These are simple diet therapy, is closely related with the life custom, but most can reflect the essence of Mongolian diet, when pushed the yuan dynasty drinking meals cure too much of the drink comet suddenly thought of meat was.

(2) emergency treatment and dirty therapy, leather therapy and other:

Due to the nomadic life Mongolian, especially in war, war trauma, during the fall, etc., are very common, it contributed to the Mongolian medicine, including the trauma emergency treatment such as fractures, dislocaitons h, and pain with a concussion, exsanguine, such as disease in Montana occupy an important position in medicine. According to relevant literature of records, KengXue in situ mining, emergency blood loss or coma patients from the han dynasty, the beginning of xiongnu already applications such as SuWu commit suicide in hsiungnu area after submission to the han dynasty, with this method emergency medical Jane also has a class to record.

Mongolian medicine and traditional meal therapy, leather boxer will therapy and dirty therapy. Boxer will grain refers to ruminants herbivorous ornitho pod, remove the food with stomach, strike applied it to the affected part, to cure cold syndrome, skin therapy is will animals killed off its skin and after hot stick on the skin, also have affected limb starts with the role of scattered cold, or even a woman's womb, also can squat typhoid sitting on animals to spread cold with stomach.

Mongolian dirty therapy and the principle of the above two treatment, just to be similar to the boxer in the stomach meal ruminants food or animal skins therapy with animals instead of five. Put new slaughter sheep animal innards in trouble place, such as while hot compress the slaughter of bilateral renal new sheep in patients ears, apply the liver and spleen deposited in the liver and spleen parts. Also used animal visceral take orally, it actually belong to heal the contents of visceral therapy.

And this similar, there is a JiJiuShu, forthcoming patients into animal internal. This kind of therapy may be the hot for pit dug into the development of the patients first aid. If the general cloth genghis khan period wisdom son "shuyang countries such as cycle, each model in cross enemy will LiZhan, taste of body count on, TaiZu close sagittal, make its pull its bolts, bleeding stuffy and several absolutely, TaiZu life took a cow, cutting its abdomen, naboo in cattle abdomen, wisdom son of suichuan baptized blood move." when Sue (the proterozoic s blanchett biography 26 wisdom son coil, 833pp).

(3) acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, such as bloodletting therapy:

Intraoperative by medicine in acupuncture also has a certain position and in Inner Mongolia duolun area of Stone Age of stone found needles, Iraq as unita found the huns's era, suggested that the green steel has been performed by medical application of needle. But because of the lack of, difficult to conclude that literature at the specific content of acupuncture art with acupuncture bloodletting therapy, however, is the treatment of Mongolian medicine is a common method, Tibetan book daewoo tuo biography just write a "comes from the bloodletting therapy in Mongolian region that" of content of Mongolian medicine bloodletting therapy origin is the early.

Fire moxibustion therapy earlier, in the origin of the vast grassland, especially in winter, nomads are very need the warmth of the fire. Mongolian ancestors have long learn to use fire, improved the health of the body level and health care. In practice with fire to temperature bake that body area of your body. Later, moxibustion is called "the Mongolian moxibustion", such as the Tibetan by medical classics have "Mongolian moxibustion" records. According to load, the method is to "cummin with a mantle oil heating mix after a hot wrap", the traditional moxibustion Mongolian fire moxibustion appliance is HuoLian, flint, baishan thistle flocking three, the most early use with ai not poled.

As for massage technique, the Mongolian people use also popular. Later, used to massage and butter or other oils. Massage, some with silver bowl, or directly with milk or oil palm, massage. Silver bowl is a no base, almost half a spherical bowl, with smooth underside massage.

(4) drug therapy:

Early Mongolian people used to treat drug, is taken from a vast grasslands and big forests of the ready-made natural grant. Until the thirteenth century, there is no relevant specialized works, and Mongolian is in some other writings, mentioned something about the content of the Mongolian, such as "drink meals were mentioned in red red ha, Louisiana is already mentioned how to make it, seabuckthorn ointment method. Rhubarb also is commonly used invented, such as hu figure grams khan Montgomery queen had accepted the external treatment herb rhubarb. Be like again in Mongolian region specialty of c. deserticola application is also very common. The meal was about to drink "and" red "bamboo hall experience side are already mentioned in the book. Other plant medicine and eight denier apricot, ginseng, almond, liquorice, mountain dates, lily, etc.

Three, vascular medicine

(a) west of liao HuiGu medicine period

Our country northern minorities in 726 qidan nationality in kingdom, and in 938 kenda rubber qidan liao, its large amount change throughout Nineveh plain plug to west river upstream, and HuiGu, karahan khanate gaochang after a very active, trade with each other, the Seoul has "back to.5 attends Beijing magpie camp". HuiGu culture even JingJiao (Christian) are introduced into the liao land. In this

This period of HuiGu medicine culture have more composition and unmistakable. Southern tarim basin also appeared a fantastic medical IRA · Iraq Nebuchadnezzar, butyl muhammad hotan, he was born in hetian Iraq richie shoulder wave on village, kirgiz hot and tachiwakaba after studying at, to Khartoum juice, afshana for further study, and word, became a Renaissance visits the doctor. Then accumulate many years experience and experience, wrote "medical crystallization" and many other medical literature, he also offered in local professor by the school, has trained many born and doctors and scientists. But to 1211 years, the law bowed out west liao regime won his father-in-law, all books were burned, medical classics are trampled down.

(2) yuan have period my son medicine. Fear

1217 years, Mongol forces to advance the law, HuiGu become bowed JiEnHan western expedition into the Eurasian army constituent part; Yuan have empire including the new middle Asia, west Asia, immigration and SuWei rein west states as more accelerated, Arab medicine spread and in love uzziel over wl 1263 star calendar, pharmaceutical company, a 127 years two hui division, are widely with this some relations.

This time the tarim basin basic tend to stable, medical and attention. Such kashi, Sally car education is booming, the school has set up special medical institutions, and encourage doctors to writing books on the subject and engages in translation work. The Arab, Persia in Cardiff, jade element than lift "and" exam black sun, only summer, examination, "and so on the book has been translated into cahetaihan language; The SaMaErHan people by a "lu made answer fear" (while the doctor history ") was cahetaihan written with cahetaihan language. There are many books with the king YinXi illustration. Based on current famous poet ABuDou thermal clothing wood pratima pierced the poetry in the records, the khanate grew up later in tarim basin, the famous doctor in his life RouZi canute the imam, bring many disciples, he is good at using local herbal cures for patients. Rest in wheat cover carry, practicing for his people there, called the "graveyard very revered imam RouZi canute changling" lie.

At that time very famous use written long poem "pragmatic cahetaihan academic and nuno morais" and later the kirgiz anthology "the card grams also praise the such Uighur doctors and drugs.

Amir za mares, black hemp, sea a son is a strategist, writers, is also a medical, learned, familiar with medical herbs. Good at surgery.

Four, dai medicine

The yuan dynasty, our most parts of dai inhabit, has entered the feudal lords economic form of society. Yuan in yunnan created the group of Kublai Khan after dai chieftain system of feudal lords, hereditary rule system was the central government, thus make the legal recognition of social internal dai in economy, politics, culture, won the relative independence and stability, this kind of social status remained to qing dynasty. The above a relatively closed society of huancheng, more remote inconvenient transportation in the geographical factors, this is dai medicine as a unique traditional medical system to long-term preservation and development historical environment.

Dai medicine experienced a long experience in medical process of accumulation, to the yuan dynasty has gradually to theoretical medical transitional stage. Appeared in recorded with system on bayesian leaves the classics medical theory and clinical remedies for yuan, after the formation of dai medical theory, and the same midterm buddhist culture in the spread of dai of society has a very close relationship.

Dai medical theory formed another important factor is dai wen to appear. Dai traditional medicine as dai wen invention, already from perceptual knowledge to illness to the stage of rational knowledge transfer, the medicine, the classical theory of mixed in scriptures, such as "Barry scripture-stored" in the "three than amounting to ah". "The SuDian play of the" hidden ", journal of law of "but is hidden." The theory of "hidden" o manasseh provoked "if is the theory of relevant dai medical records. Especially the "pelatiah manasseh, o most" record if. And the relevant system discussed the basic theories of dai medicine, is the first monograph "ah teeth, mulberry card".

"Ah teeth," is dai mulberry, the theoretical basis of medical. The book expounds dai medicine for human physiology anatomy, embryology understanding of the relationship between man and nature, and discusses the key elements and composed human relations with nature is, the world is by wind, fire, water and earth (for tower, and from the file, west), the human body is composed by the four basic components. The health of human body, namely is the body of the four elements their own balance with the four elements of result, but once the balance of the four elements balance disorders, it happens disease. Such as fire therein is a fever, water is bloated, wind fill bowls, and soil is limbs tremors in dealing with cold event appear between man and nature, disease and the environment, dai medical according to what life dai tropical and subtropical climate characteristic, combining dai calendar year three department, every four months into the season is quite yu gongli equivalent of the march (January) of the Gregorian calendar, it is concluded that the local cold season, hot season, rainy season three different season pathogenesis regularity and disease characteristics.

Dai medicine another deserves mention for the file classical clinical monographs, dragon ", which fits in AD 1323 years produced in summary, encyclopedia of medical clinical practice dai, combined with "the honk based on the teeth of mulberry card and theoretical basis, and discusses about human skin color and dai medical color, with color, age and anesthesiologists, using the efficacy of XiangShengXiangKe composing the dialectic relationship to guide disease diagnosis and rational drug use. The book is available for dai medicine clinical classic monographs.

Dai settlements tropical and subtropical climate environment of geography for dai medical provides a rich source of natural medicine, more local characteristic of wild animals and plants, drugs. Based on the basis of theory of dai medical, clinical medicine about 1000 kinds, can be divided into the plant, animal and mineral three categories. According to the nature and role of drugs can be divided into hot sexual medicine (yellow); from says, Cool medicine (for) : from say ah ping sexual medicine can be divided, by anesthesiologists and sour, sweet, salty, bitter, hemp, hot, sweet etc seven flavor. In drug use in medical theory, use dai compound composition, party little criterion two, three, and much more than thirty kinds of drugs is differ, have designed square cure the disease, also have a few square.

The clinical practice on dai medical records are is a large spread in folks of medical manuscripts, this manuscript called the denier ha jas ", "c", zechariah the medical records and summarizes the dai manuscript of the accumulated medical long, the dai medical theory practice experience and understanding; Interestingly, Thai society (not within the liberation of professional medical, dai teenagers into dai buddhist temple when the monk. In a few years, the buddhist temple life education in religious, while not only learn the dai rodman, but also acquire the nation's traditional culture, which contains dai medical's basic theory. Resume secular life, some sense of medicine by people, with the gain from the buddhist medical theory, then use dai circulating on folk medicine manuscripts, and engaged in amateur medical activities. This medicine manuscript thus has been continuously in ChuanChao ChuanChao each other, and constantly to their respective supplement and revision. With the passage of time and enrich its its contents, this medicine ChuanChao manuscript never department, this is because the name of the person to believe in Buddhism dai social perspective, dai medicine since is created by the Lord Buddha, on the manuscript of his name, department of Buddha is greatly profaned, it is not allowed.

From the above about dai medical brief history, the emergence of visible dai medical theory about in the yuan dynasty, can think, dai medicine is Indian medical, dai ethnic han medicine and medical all organic merging with unique national medical system.

(serial, to be continued)